The progression of culture and literature in the three subsequent eras of Modernism, Postmodernism and Post Postmodernism since the late-20th-century can be considered as one of the vivid factors that has led to the chain of transformation of man. In Modernism, the superiority of authentic and governmental power over people was dominant and later in the era of Postmodernism or the late capitalism, the notion of fragmentation controlled the life of the people,but in the third one, Post Postmodernism, a freshgenus of humanism was introduced by innovative authors such as David Foster Wallace who, in his philosophy of writing, illustrates not only the pain and limitations of man but also the healing instruments. Philosophically speaking, through the critical gates of Wallace’, s philosophy, the subjectivity of man is given a niche, and thanks to the opportunity he has gained in the social networks, he could have made it possible to create a type of sharing and mutual communication amongst the fragmented individuals. That is to say, all alienated and limited individuals can have the role of active agents, communicators, and producers instead of being passive watchers, readers, and one-way communicators organized by the structures of the past eras. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate David Foster Wallace’, s (1962-2008) trilogy—, The Broom of the System (1987), Infinite Jest (1996), and The Pale King (2011)—, according to his philosophy of Post postmodernism.

Introduction: By the advent of late twentieth century many experts and critics stated that the novel has experienced “an aesthetic sea change”, one affected by an inherent “desire to reconnect language to the social sphere” (McLaughlin 54). Dubbed as “Post-postmodern”, the new novels’ emphasize an engagement with the social world is perhaps something that promotes a more direct political engagement. This essay explores the literary representation of the spatial, temporal, and subjective relationships between the individual and a society increasingly dominated by the proliferation of reproducible images and spectacles. To this end, Franco Bifo Berardi's anatomization of what he knows as the latest phase of neoliberal-capitalist system or "semiocapitalism" would be used as the central theoretical framework in an attempt to answer the following questions: What does a return to social engagement mean for fiction as presented in the novels of David Foster Wallace? What the modality of the critique is in post-postmodern fiction as conceived of in the work of Wallace?Background of Study: Along with other thinkers such as Christian Marazzi and Antonio Negri Berardi has conceptualized the relation between language and the economy and described the "subsumption" and the submission of the biopolitical sphere of affection and language to financial capitalism. However, Berardi opts to look for a way to resist capitalism, to achieve autonomy and tries to do that from the unusual perspective of literature. This critical perspective has been adopted in this article to reveal its implications in more depth when applied to a selected number of David Foster Wallace’s fiction and can be viewed as a new step in the interpretation of the post-postmodern novels. Methodology: This essay scrutinizes the post-postmodern novel – as the emanation of language – as a suitable tool to combat semiocapitalism and to construct a strong social fabric that would affect personal and collective consciousness, consequently helping the emergence of social and political change. The focus is also on defining the formal and thematic elements of post-postmodern literature with emphasis on how the structures of such texts contribute to the critique of capitalism by compelling reader participation and response.Conclusion: Post-postmodern novelists like Wallace often write huge, informationally savvy, and erudite novels asserting that in the age of semiocapitalism and proliferation of information there is more to incorporate, discuss and debate in fiction. Post-postmodern fiction focuses on the explorations of knowledge and information and the power, even the necessity, of narrative to help us order that information and to achieve the task of meaningfully staying informed in an otherwise meaningless info-saturated semiocapitalist condition. Consequently, by deeply scrutinizing the post-postmodern novels’ narrative and formal structure, it is concluded that these works are inherently oppositional to the contemporary socio-political system. The subject is also scrutinized from a different point of view: the incompatibility between economy and aesthetics. It is argued that aesthetics and political economy stand in a characteristic relationship with each other since it is utterly impossible to reduce the former into the latter.  While the contemporary economy is all about abstraction, aesthetics is all about the concrete experience of the sensitive mind. Post-postmodern fiction as a new manifestation of aesthetics with its rejection of unrealistic plots and descriptions is read as an attempt to help us achieve a concrete experience of the “real” world as an accentuation of fiction’s social impact or a line of escape from an all-pervasive abstract semiocapital context.

The purpose of the present research is to read Brief Interviews with Hideous Men in the light of Fredric Jameson's theories. In Brief Interviews with Hideous Men, the writer depicts how irony and self-consciousness have penetrated the culture of postmodern man and how capitalism and neoliberalism have influenced people's lives and identities and, with the help of ideology, have turned man into a thing incapable of human relations. Fredric Jameson declares that historicizing literary texts can help the readers understand the latent and deep layers of meaning in the works. Jameson's main concern is that in a neoliberal society, the authorities use ideology to preserve power, and by ideology, they turn citizens into consumers. The result is the alienation and reification of people, and they lose their true identities, which is the death of the postmodern man. By reading this short story collection from a Jamesonian perspective, the reader tries to investigate the man's identity in a neoliberal society to show how a closed system like a neoliberal system can preserve power by using ideology to influence the mindset of the citizens and reify and alienate them and impose the superiority of market on them. This research shows how Wallace investigates man’s identity in a neoliberal society to show how a closed system like a neoliberal system can preserve power by using ideology to influence the mindset of the citizens and reify and alienate them and impose the superiority of market on them and how the identity of people is gone and how the death of the postmodern man has happened.

Introduction: Leukemia is a progressive and malignant disease of hematopoietic organs of the body. Genetic abnormalities play an important role in the development of leukemia in the body. Many studies have been accomplished on the molecular factors that involved in the disease. DNA microarray technology provides a general picture of gene expression in whole genome and applied for the exploring of candidate genes that lead to diseases. In fact, having analyzed a large number of genes together along with the expected changes provides more closely examination the disease under study. In the present study, the DNA microarray data of leukemia disease were analyzed by bioinformatics software (David). The aim of the study was to functionally analyze the genomic and proteomic lists of data that have been obtained with high throughput tools during biological studies.Materials & Methods: Microarray leukemia gene sets were obtained from the database http: //www.biomedcentral.com/ content/ supplementary/1471and analyzed with the bioinformatics software (David). The communication gene expression in different classes, chart and clustered genes were examined. The list of genes was identified by the David analysis program.Findings: A chart consisting of 615 identified genes associated with various diseases was detected. Most genes involved in the disease were those genes that were also involved in cancers. 23.7% of the identified genes (146 genes) were cancer genes. Of 615 genes, 70 charts of the identified biological pathways (the database KEGG) were associated with the disease. Of 615 genes identified, 12 clusters were associated with the disease based on the functional annotation.Discussion & Conclusion: The results showed that the program, David, is capable of analyzing genome. Also, the program was capable to evaluate the main classes of genes and pathways involved in the disease to determine the best candidate gene markers for the diagnosis and treatment of leukemia disease.

Physical limitations of Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductors (CMOS) technology at nanoscale and high cost of lithography have provided the platform for creating Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA)- based hardware. The QCA is a new technology that promises smaller, cheaper and faster electronic circuits, and has been regarded as an effective solution for scalability problems in CMOS technology. Therefore, it is possible to generalize QCA to all digital components. Multipliers are considered as one of the most important building blocks of computational circuits in digital processing systems. The traditional design of multipliers results in wasting the resources and increasing computational time. This paper presents an effective implementation of QCA parallel multiplier based on Wallace tree. It is able to significantly reduce the occupied area by reducing the number of QCA cells and therefore increases the speed of multiplying operation. The proposed QCA multiplier is simulated by QCADesigner2.0.3 software. The simulation results confirm that the proposed QCA multiplier works well and can be used in high performance circuits in QCA technology. Moreover, the proposed QCA multiplier has less complexity and occupied area compared to other QCA multiplier designs.

This essay is going to optimize the portfolio of stocks similar to the Markowitz approach. Nonetheless, the way in which the risk is measured is Foster-Hart risk. This measure was proposed by Foster and Hart in 2009. It takes into account the extreme events of losses. The theoretical definition could be as a minimum wealth that an investor should have in order not to face with bankruptcy. Our sample consists of adjusted daily data from thirty-four companies chosen from Tehran Stock Exchange’ s Top 50 Index in the period between 1391/07/01 and 1396/06/31. Data has been collected from Rahavard Novin software which is widely used in finance studies in Iran. Different optimal portfolios has been achieved in this essay. Each of which uses a different method of risk like Cvar and Semi-Variance besides Foster-Hart. Results of this essay show that Foster-Hart optimal portfolio could have higher sharp ratio in comparison with the others.

Radial inflow gas turbines are widely used in diesel engines turbochargers. They increase power and efficiency and reduce SFC in engines. The flow conditions of the turbocharger’s turbine are highly varying, due to engine exhaust. The knowledge of turbine behavior in such conditions is a basic requirement for the development of turbocharger to improve engine performance. In this paper, the performance of the radial inflow gas turbine is investigated experimentally as well as advanced one dimensional modeling. The principal equation of a flow model is the dimensionless mass flow rate equation which combines the equations of continuity, energy and entropy with modeling the losses, under steady state and full admission conditions. In this study mass flow rate, pressure ratio and efficiency are unknown, with known turbine geometry, inlet and outlet total pressure and temperature of the turbine, performance characteristics can be calculated. In one-dimensional modeling the flow passage of radial flow turbine is divided into several regions such as: inlet duct, volute, incident and rotor, and the flow is modeled in each part separately. The requirement of the analytical procedure is to predict the component discharge conditions from known inlet conditions and component geometry. The computed discharge conditions then become known inlet conditions for the next component. Incident loss at the rotor inlet is the main cause of efficiency drop under off design conditions. In practice the best efficiency occurs at optimum incident angle, so any deviation from optimum incident angle causes extra losses. Incident loss is part of the rotor loss but in this study, due to modeling strategy it is modeled separately. In this study Wallace model have been adopted to calculate the incident loss, which is assumed that for the off design condition the change in deviation of the fluid entry the turbine rotor takes place at constant pressure. This model is compared with simple NASA model, which shows improving the turbine calculated performance results. The complex, three-dimensional flow pattern in the rotor gives raise the difficulties in the rotor modeling and causes the major turbine losses happening in the rotor. The following losses are used in this section: friction losses, blade loading losses, tip clearance losses and exit velocity losses. Experimental investigation of the research is carried out on special test facility under full admission conditions for a wide range of speed. The efficiency and mass parameter characteristics of the turbine are obtained from the modeling and are compared with that of experimental results over a wide rang of speeds showing good agreements. The main limitation in experimental data is due to the compressor surge. The maximum difference between experimental and theoretical results under full admission conditions is 5.1% for mass parameter, and 7.2% for efficiency.

Multiplier is one of the important components in many systems such as digital filters, digital processors and data encryption. Improving the speed and area of multipliers have impact on the performance of larger arithmetic circuits that are part of them. Wallace algorithm is one of the most famous architectures that uses a tree of half adders and full adders to increase the speed and reduce the area of multipliers. Compressors are adders which can be used to perform the partial product addition in Wallace tree. On the other hand, using new emerging technologies such as Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors (CNTFET) leads to provide implementations faster and smaller circuits. This paper presents a new method to reduce the simplification of Wallace tree design using high order compressors based on carbon nanotube technology. These compressors use a high-speed full adder cell based on CNTFETs for low-voltage and high-frequency applications. The proposed method reduces the number of gates and transistors, critical path length and complexity of the Wallace tree hardware.

Since the Persian Gulf is a semi-closed water ecosystem, climate change has more severe impacts on organisms, especially on non-motile ones. The harmful effects on organisms can be studied at all biological levels of morphology, anatomy, physiology, to cellular and molecular levels. The collapse of the symbiotic relationship between coral and its symbiont algae can result in bleaching and it is the first effect of changing favorable conditions on hard coral. The cells produce Heat Shock Proteins (hereinafter referred to as HSP) in response to heat stress. The rate and way of HSP production in corals depend on the expression of the genes encoding these proteins. In this study, we investigated the expression of heat shock gene HSP70 in response to elevated temperature in Acropora downingi (Wallace, 1999) coral reef. After sampling hard corals in March 2018 and adapting them to laboratory conditions, their ambient water temperature increased to 9 °C (from 25 °C to 34 °C). The samples were adapted to laboratory conditions for 2 weeks after being transferred to the laboratory. The water temperature was 25 °C under control conditions, which was increased to 34 °C to create thermal stress. The expression of the gene Hsp70 was evaluated at control time and also 24 h and 48 h after temperature rise. The study showed that gene expression was significantly increased 24 h after stress and it decreased at 48. However, the corals were bleached, which could be due to the deterioration and reduced resistance to heat shock.

This paper mainly aims at providing a critical exposition of Critical Rationalism’s solution for the so-called “Problem of Induction”. The first section of the paper is dedicated to a historical overview of the development of induction, as both a method of logical inference and a method of scientific discovery. In the next section, it addresses the solution for the problem of induction, which was first proposed by Karl Popper and developed by David Miller. Some of the objections to Popper’s solution and the replies to them (as developed by Miller) are also discussed. Finally, the discussions in the earlier chapters will be evaluated and the dispute between the Critical Rationalists and their critics will be adjudicated.