In this article, a model is used for the operation of a typical carbon nanotube actuator. Moreover, the related electromechanical coupling relations as well as the equations governing the actuation process are described. By solving such a system of equations numerically, important parameters such as the induced strain curve are investigated for different geometries. The deformation parameters for a zigzag (10, 0) CNT material are investigated. As a result, the transverse dimensional charge is increasing with the electron charge injection level while the longitudinal dimensional charge is negative that shows a shrink in the axial direction of the CNT material. The value of the torsional deformation is constant of zero for this type of structure. The longitudinal, transverse, and torsional deformations for a chiral CNT fiber (of 10,2) are presented. As shown, both of the longitudinal and transverse dimensional charges are increasing with the doping percentage level while there is an expansion in the radial direction and a shrink in the axial direction of the CNT. The expansion in the radial direction for this type of CNT is about 0.35% while for the axial direction the shrink is about 0.25% for the same level of electron charging. The torsional deformation for such a CNT material is about 0.45%. The effect of the bound length on the electro-mechanical factors is also studied. At the end, possible applications of such carbon nanotube materials for the actuator and sensing devices are discussed.    

American playwright, Eugene Gladstone O’Neill (1888-1953) is presenter of truth without comprising his beliefs. His works are dramatized by passion elements such as memories, dreams, and by awareness of forces. During mid-1920s he became interested in dramatizing complicated pattern of his family’s life. Mourning Becomes ELECTRA, which opened on Oct.26, 1931, and had fourteen acts, was O' Neill's greatest masterpiece. In fact it is one of the most psychological works ever written in which all the characters resemble complexes introduced by great psychologist, Sigmund Freud. The power of irrational that is driven by the existence of subconscious and the role of instinct, repression, suppression, influence of parents and above of all, inhibition is the formation of personality and in adults are the causes of suffering according to the importance of sensual relationship which is based on their instinct. “Instinct is a continual internal stimulus, which produces specific satisfaction if it obtains sufficient response. (Freud 129).

Extended AbstractIntroductionIn recent decades, cities have provided the prelude to widespread urban growth and development as the most important human settlements, due to the increasing degree of urbanization and the increase in urban population, which is one of the most important aspects of global transformation. In recent decades, following the growing expansion of urbanization and urbanization, as well as the continuous increase in population, many cities in the country have faced significant physical development, which has left planners and city managers with the problem of determining the right axes. And the boundaries of future physical growth of cities have faced. Maku is one of the cities that experienced an annual growth of 3.7 percent between 1996 and 2016, with a population of 46,581. Given the forecast of the increase in the population of the city in the coming years, the identification of suitable land for its physical development is an inevitable necessity. Several factors, including geomorphological features, climatic conditions, geological features, are effective in choosing the location of cities. The study evaluated the role of geomorphology as one of the factors influencing the location and physical development of the city of Maku.Materials and MethodsThe research method is of a descriptive-analytical type with a functional purpose. In this study, raw data was collected through documented and field studies. This study examines the geomorphological factors influencing the physical-physical development of the city of Maku. To evaluate the optimal development of urban land, the components of lithology, soil, slope, distance from the river, direction of slope, height, land use, distance from fault and Road in the area of the surrounding city of Maku were used. To analyze data and select the optimal location, a combination of two phase - electro and Shannon entropy models has been used. To prepare the ground fit layer, the layers in question are standardized and phased in the ArcGis environment using the Phase model and by the calculator instrument and in the form of a raster in the form of a value of zero to one. Finally, the coating of layers using phase logic (gamma) to optimize the development of the city of Maku was determined, and then the development path of the city of Maku was classified into five groups: completely appropriate, relatively appropriate, appropriate, inappropriate and very inappropriate.DiscussionAfter determining the effective criteria in locating and detecting the weight of the criteria, the information layers should be combined with the appropriate method. The composition of the map is obtained by overlapping weighted maps. Merging and combining different spatial layers from different sources together is the main goal of GIS projects and its unique feature, so that the interactions are described and analyzed with the help of predictive models to support decision-makers. The final map of the development potential of the city of Maku was prepared by combining different layers of information and classified according to the Likert scale. In this classification, land was considered suitable for urban development in 5 groups of lands with very low, low, medium, high and very high development potential. According to the above map, most of the city's immediate land is located in the eastern and western parts of the city for Urban Development. The southern and northern lands of the kalbdi District of Maku are also small or very small for the future development of the city. The proximity to the epicenter of earthquakes, the short distance from the river and the location of the flood path are the main reasons for the inadequacy of the above land for the physical development of the city of Maku. The lands located east and West at the entrance of the city from the shout and merchant side are the only immediate areas of the city that are very suitable for the future development of the city.ConclusionAmong the seven geomorphological factors studied, the two factors "altitude" and "lithology" are the highest coefficients of importance, and the factors "slope direction" and "distance from the river" are also the least important. The results of comparative analysis of the eight geographical directions in terms of geomorphological factors also show that in terms of the litholysis factor, the east, west and northwest directions are more desirable compared to other options. In terms of the elevation factor, the Northeast and East Directions are more suitable, and in terms of the distance factor, the West and northwest directions are more preferred. Comparing options in terms of soil factor also indicates a greater favorability of the Northeast and northwest directions. Distance from the river was another component that, based on the analyses, the East and Southeast directions, identified more favorable areas for urban development in terms of this component; and finally, in terms of the slope direction criterion, the lands located in the southeast of the City face greater desirability. After determining the coefficient of importance of the criteria and the relative score of the options in terms of each of the factors studied the coefficients of importance of the criteria and the relative weight of the options were calculated within the framework of the method of the process of hierarchical analysis of the integration and score of each of the eight geographical directions as follows the East was calculated with a gradient of 5 West 5 southwest 1 northeast 2 North 0 south 0 Southeast 4 Northwest 0 thus in terms of geomorphological factors the study word in the ین research orientations east west and the southeast is proposed as a priority for the future development of the city of Maku.

With the aim of development and reducing regional inequalities, regional planning is one of the most important subiects in developing countries. Regional planning requires the identification of the position of areas relative to each other in terms of their development. The aim of this study is to investigate and assess the level of Kermanshah province in terms of development indicators in order to find out the level of regional inequalities. The population of Kermanshah province is considered as statistical population. According to the investigated parameters of the research approach, it is “Descriptive - quantitative and analytical". This research is trying to use the 61 indicators based on 1390 almanac statistics and utilizes three statistical techniques of Vikor, Electre, SAW and integration of results with Copeland technique, classify existing inequalities in Kermanshah province. The results show that the Levels of development have been unbalanced and there is large gap and inequality among different cities of province in terms of development. The difference and inequality exist in various sectors of infrastructure such as economic, health, education, culture, social welfare and social. Only one city Gilangharb is developed and the rest of cities are semi- developed and deprived. To reduce inequalities in development in the province it is suggested that distribution of health, education and infrastructure indicators should be directed towards balanced growth and the index of infrastructure be emphasized more than the other indicators.

Today, locate the user in the appropriate direction of realization of a proper development is one of the necessary planning in the national and regional levels. In addition to the economic benefits, location the appropriate place for the establishment of industries is important in order to reduce and cut abnormal its effects on the environment. The aim of this descriptive-analytic study refers to determine the criteria affecting the location of industrial zone based on analytical method, collecting data, library studies and field observations. In this study, 10 indicators of natural, geographical, and environmental and land zoning by multi-criteria decision model (TOPSIS, Vikor, ELECTRA and Saw) were attempting to determine appropriate locations for industrial zone. According to studies and apply the weight of AHP model and GIS software can be mentioned that earthquake, and topography of pollution are the most responsible factors in positioning the industrial town of Tabriz. Meanwhile East of Tabriz is appropriate for industrial zones. In addition, the maps obtained by applying weights north and south zones of Tabriz highland regions are close industrial town location is inappropriate. More specifically, the 224,045 hectares of land in Tabriz, 100,957 hectares (=45 percent) of fourth zone for the construction of Industrial town is completely appropriate and third zone 3 is totally inappropriate for the construction of Industrial town.

Description’ as a dramatic element in the explanation of actions, events, objects, and special dramatic situations is an important technique in Greek tragedies. These plays base their plots, the hero’ s actions and speeches on description. Furthermore, description is the way in which the Greek playwrights announce to the audiences, the events of the background plot, pre story and in particular, the offstage events. One of the important kinds of characters who plays a significant role in Greek tragedies is the “ anonymous character” . Anonymous Character is usually a name for some kind of sub-character who is commonly named with general titles, not with a specific name, such as spade, educator, and nurse. In Greek tragedies, the weight of the drama is based on narrative. Greek playwrights create their plays on the basis of famous stories and adapt the characters into their plays. In this regard, it is notable that there are many characters who are not the main characters and they are so called sub characters. It is important to notice that these characters have a close relationship with the main characters, either the protagonists or the antagonists. The function of these sub-characters has a significant part of developing the plot and it is interesting to notice how they can inform the audience about anything that has occurred on and offstage. Usually, they have an insight into the events and about the pre-story of the drama and the back ground of the story. these anonymous characters serve to observe many facts about the plot of plays. Since the definition of ‘ description’ is a statement that gives details about someone or something; descriptions of anonymous characters also include geographical and historical context of the play. In ancient Greece, playwrights wrote hundreds of plays. But only thirty-one plays have survived that we know of and interestingly most of them have anonymous characters. Their dialogues guide us to find outsearch about the settings of the plays and reveal the biography of main characters as well as reveal their aspirations. The purpose of this study is to explore the ways selected tragedies written by Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides have moved the plot foreward by descriptive speech of “ anonymous characters” . This study focuses on how and by which patterns the “ anonymous characters” assist to create the dramatic narrative of tragedy based on Greek mythology. The present research a descriptive-analytical method and by classifying different types of descriptions in the anonymous characters’ dialogs. This study concludes that anonymous characters, although they have a sub-role in tragedies, have an important part in developing the dramatic narratives. Their inclusion in the play includes a wide range of functions, such as encouraging the hero to action, or giving news of the death of main characters or revealing important secrets. These functions are classified in the conclusion section tables of the article. This study can be a useful guide for further studies and research on old and modern plays with a focus on anonymous characters and their functions.

Today a lot of cities face with increasing levels of negative consequences of rapid growth which in its own turn has threatened the public health of the citizens. For this reason, the idea of a healthy city is highly important in contemporary urban research and has a lot of potentials for further studies. The purpose of this study was to analyze the indicators of a healthy city in Khuzestan province. The methodology of this research was descriptive and analytical. To analyze the data and evaluate the health indicators of the city, 34 variables in the form of health indicators, health-cure, environmental and socio-economic were rated and weighed using Shannon entropy which were finally ranked based on multi – criteria decision making of ELECTRA. The results showed that the cities of Ahvaz, Dezful and Shush are in a more favorable condition while Howeizeh, Haftkel and Bavi are in an undesirable and inappropriate condition as far as the indicators of healthy city are concerned. The main reasons of these findings can be related to the few numbers of labs, pharmacies, physicians, hospitals, dentists, employment, less planted areas, and more unemployment.

Objective Drug use has imposed enormous economic and social costs through its destructive effects on people's health and increasing crime in society. This can be detrimental to social welfare by affecting one's health. The purpose of this research is to model the impact of addiction on social welfare with an emphasis on health in Iran. Method The present study was a descriptive-analytical one and was a survey in terms of data collection. A researcher-made questionnaire was used. Statistical population included experts in crime and addiction economics (sample 10) and drug addicts supervised by Tehran addiction centers (sample 384). Results The results showed that economic, personal, cultural, social, political and psychological factors have a positive and significant effect on addiction, respectively. With each unit change in economic factors, welfare decreases by 0. 59 and welfare increases by 0. 73 by each unit change of health index. Conclusion The results of this study can be an important step in determining the priority factors and their effect on the prevalence of addiction and consequently preventing the negative effects of addiction on health and social welfare.

The aim of the present study is to compare Inferno in Dante’, s Divine Comedy with Salvador Dali’, s selected paintings. The researchers seek to find differences, similarities, reflections of Freud’, s psychoanalytic theories, and analyzed the symbols and signs in Dali’, s paintings. Inferno in Dante’, s Divine Comedy consists of thirty-four cantos from which the current study has selected images that illustrate the differences, similarities, psychoanalytic theories of Freud, and symbols in Dali’, s paintings. The research method of the present study is analytical-comparative method which has used the American school of comparative literature in analyzing the above examples. The corpuses of the current study include Dante’, s Inferno and Dali’, s adaptive paintings. This study addresses Inferno in that it inspired Dante in the form of dream, and it is the product of the unconscious mind. On the other hand, Dali’, s Paintings have been explored because he, as a surrealist painter, portrayed the dreams and the unconscious in his works. The major finding includes the similarity between Dali’, s focused on the human’, s unconscious and psychosexual symbols in his paintings with Dante’, s employment of the unconscious in Divine Comedy, as well as the impact of this medieval work on modern art.

PROMETHEE II is one of the most popular members of the well-known family of multi-criteria decision-making methods. One of the main concerns in developing PROMETHEE-based systems is the rapid growth of the response time as the number of alternatives (n) and criteria (k) grow. PROMETHEE II belongs to the computational complexity class of O (n2). In this paper, a simplified version of PROMETHEE II is proposed and a novel estimation of the simplified PROMETHEE II is introduced. This simplified version reproduces the results of the original method and requires fewer operations. The estimation belongs to the complexity class of O (n log n) and consequently has a shorter response time than that of the simplified version.The proposed simplification and estimation are tested and evaluated with real-world data. When compared to the original PROMETHEE II and even other similar MCDM methods, such as AHP, ELECTRA, and TOPSIS, the experiments reveal the satisfactory results with a considerably reduced computational complexity and response time.