Dissimilar welding of AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel to AISI 409 ferritic stainless steel with GMAW process usingtwo Ar-O2 and Ar-CO2 shielding gas mixtures was studied. ER316LSi and ER309LMo filler metals were chosen by considering 5 and 15% delta ferrite according to the Schaeffler equations and diagram. Based on the observations, both filler metals accompanied by Ar-2%O2 shielding gas resulted in acceptable weldments. Yield strength and UTS of tensile samples were 288 and 424 MPa, respectively. All tensile samples fractured in the ferritic base metal. Microhardness test results demonstrated that the maximum hardness of 190-200 HV was obtained from ER316LSi weld metal. The minimum hardness of 145 HV was found in the HAZ of 409 side mainly due to the grain coarsening. Microstructural examinations revealed needle-like precipitates formed perpendicular to each other in the HAZ of 409 stainless steel. It seemed that the pre-existing TiC precipitates evolved into the needle shape precipitates as a result of rapid heating and cooling rates during the welding process.

In this study, the microstructure in different regions of dissimilar welding sections of type 2205 duplex stainless steel (DSS) to type A517 high-strength quenched and tempered (QTLA) steel was investigated using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The joints were fabricated using gas tungsten arc welding by two types of filler metals including ER309LMo and ER2209. The metallographic analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the weld metals were completely free of common destructive phases and no trace of sigma phase and chromium nitride was found. The ER309LMo weld metal has austenitic with lathy ferrite microstructure and ER2209 weld metal sample has an austenitic continues networks in the matrix of primary ferrite. The studies by SEM from joint interface of A517 side revealed, in both welding samples, the unmixed zone formed and in the case of ER309LMo addition to this zone, a decarburization layer is also visible. HAZ of 2205 steel is non-width and with coarse primary ferrite grains and this region in A517 steel side has been width and with not-tempered martensite microstructure. The ER309LMo and ER2209 weld metal’s hardness respectively were about 240 and 300 vickers.

In this study, the microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar welding of Super duplex stainless steel UNS 32750 to austenitic stainless steel AISI 304L by gas tungsten arc welding process with direct current electrode negative polarity was investigated. For this purpose, two filler metals including ER25104L and ER309LMo were used. The microstructure of the different zone in each joint, including weld metals, heat affected zone, interface were evaluated using optical microscopy and the relationship between mechanical properties and microstructure of welded joints is evaluated. Results indicate that austenitic and ferritic structures such as dendrite in the weld metal 25104L, 309LMo weld metal was observed as the primary ferrite with austenitic matrix. In addition microstructure was seen as skeleton ferrite morphology. In addition, the mechanical properties including the bend test, ultimate strength, impact resistance and hardness were investigated. All the specimen underwent ductile fracture in HAZ in the tension test. The maximum fracture energy related to ER25104L. The welded specimen with ER25104L filler metal showed the maximum elongation. The maximum and minimum hardness corresponded to the ER25104L and ER309LMo, respectively. Mechanical properties of joints welded by the two kinds of filler metals are satisfactory, althought the mechanical properties of 25104L filler metal is superior to that by 309LMo filler metal. Based on the present work, it is concluded that 25104L provides the optimum qualities for joining dissimilar metals between 32750 super duplex stainless steel and 304L austenitic stainless steel.

Welding connection of 316L stainless steel has great importance in the oil and gas industry. In this research, welding of 316L stainless steel was investigated using GTAW with the aim of evaluation of the mechanical behaviour of filler metals. Three filler metals of ER309L, ER316L and ER309LMo were used for this purpose. The microstructure results of different regions of welding sections showed that welding structures of three types of filler metals are similar and have structure of Austenite and Ferrite delta. Also, there is a slight difference in the distribution amount of Ferrite delta in the Austenite background. Hardness evaluation results showed that the average hardness of filler metal of ER309LMo is higher than average hardness of filler metals of ER316L and ER309. Also, hardness of impacted region by connection heat of 316L steel in each of filler metals had been increased. The final strength of connection of all three filler metals was higher than 545 MPa. It was in such a way that sample of tensile test was failed and ruptured in the base metal location. The average of impact energy was (156J) for weld metal of ER316L which was higher than average of impact energy (96J) for weld metal of ER309L and average of impact energy (58J) for weld metal of ER309LMo. This reduction in impact energy in two weld metal of ER309 is due to microstructure of Ferrite delta. Using filler metal ER316L with V connection design is better for this connection due to improved impact energy.

In this study, the microstructure of dissimilar welding of super duplex stainless steel UNS 32750 to austenitic stainless steel AISI 304L was investigated. For this purpose, gas tungsten arc welding process (DCEN) and two filler metals including ER25104L and ER309LMo were used. The microstructure of the different zone in each joint, including weld metals, heat affected zone, interface were evaluated using optical microscopy was investigated. The investigations showed that austenitic and ferritic structure such as dendrite, weld metal 25104L, with secondary Austenite, 309LMo weld metal was observed as the primary ferrite with austenitic matrix. In addition microstructure was seen as skeleton ferrite morphology. The interface of 304L austenitic stainless steel by two filler metals with epitaxial growth and interface of super duplex UNS 32750 Was seen high ferrite content.

In this study, the mechanical properties of dissimilar welding of Super duplex stainless steel UNS 32750 to austenitic stainless steel AISI 304L by gas tungsten arc welding process with direct current electrode negative polarity was investigated. For this purpose, two filler metals including ER25104L and ER309LMo were used. In order to achieve suitable structure and excellent mechanical properties in the mentioned joints, controlling of the heat input and pre heating were among the effective and controllable parameters. Microstructures of the weld metals, were evaluated using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze fracture surface. In addition, the mechanical properties including the bend test, ultimate strength, impact resistance and hardness were investigated. All the specimen underwent ductile fracture in HAZ in the tension test. The maximum fracture energy related to the ER 25104L the welded specimen. The maximum and minimum hardness corresponded to the ER 25104L and ER 309LMo, respectively. Finally, it was seen that for the joints, between the super duplex stainless steel UNS 32750 to austenitic stainless steel AISI 304L, the ER 251 04L filler provided the optimum qualities.