The domain of Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuit testing has experienced advancements in methodologies for fault detection, which are crucial for addressing the complexities of modern applications. Traditional testing techniques frequently fall short in achieving precise fault localization, highlighting the necessity for the development of enhanced methodologies. This paper endeavors to investigate the implementation of an optimized test generation algorithm aimed at improving testing efficiency and increasing fault coverage. In this study, we utilized a (PSO)-enhanced FAN (FAN-out-oriented algorithm) applied to ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits. The optimization process involved refining the decision trees utilized in the FAN algorithm through a rigorously defined cost function, which strikes a balance between accuracy, complexity, and operational efficiency. The results indicate improvement in both fault coverage and detection efficiency. Furthermore, the optimization process resulted in a reduction of required test vectors, thereby enhancing testing efficiency, particularly in high-volume production environments. The study also introduces the development of diagnostic metrics that provide deeper insights into circuit failures and proposes design-for-testability techniques to improve reliability. The integration of PSO within the FAN algorithm not only facilitates the generation of robust test solutions but also produces high-quality test vectors.

This paper reports on a numerical simulation of circumferential groove casing treatment in a high-speed axial FAN. Four circumferential grooves of the same geometry are located over the tip of a NASA Rotor-67 and unsteady calculations are performed from choke to near-stall. Results show that circumferential grooves reduce the incidence angle near the pressure surface at the blade leading-edge. Furthermore, the passage shock and the leakage flow are pushed rearward in the passage. It is found that circumferential grooves increase the momentum in the streamwise direction (fluid is absorbed by the grooves from their downstream part and is injected from their upstream section). The grooves also provide a flow path between the suction and pressure surface, leading to a reduction in the pressure difference between them. At the near-stall point the flow field near the grooves was found to be highly unsteady. Maximum unsteadiness was observed in the first upstream groove: the circulated mass flow rate changed as high as roughly 30 percent of its time-averaged value. As a result, in order to simulate circumferential groove casing treatment in compressors, unsteady computations are required.

Sport sponsorship in the world today is so large industrial ripped billions of dollars invested by companies in the area. Therefore, research in this area is growing rapidly. sport sponsorship researches more to explanation why this phenomenon is discussed and how the research gaps, particularly in sport sponsorship and FANs can be seen. The proper relationship between FANs and sponsor is important factor in sponsorship effectiveness, so the study will seek to formulate a model that describes sports FAN behavior in sponsorship. this study was Application and Descriptive - analytic. The population of FANs at sporting events team handball Samenolhojaj financial institution (s) that have been selected by accessible Sampling (N=234).The research instrument used Alexandris, Tsaousi Questionnaire (2012), whose validity was confirmed by experts and its reliability using Cronbach's alpha (0.91) was confirmed, as well as a conceptual model for the study of structural equation modeling and software Amos was 22.The results showed that the conceptual model approach in the sample with respect to the fit indices of fit is good. The team Attachment a direct and significant relationship with the sponsor 's image, and also the image of the patron as an intermediate variable showed a significant relationship and direct the customer to purchase intentions.

Background: Using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in radiotherapy, the thorax or pelvis, which are both large areas, can be scanned by rotating the gantry 360° using a half-FAN (HF) bowtie filter (BF). The HF mode has a longer scan time than that of the full-FAN (FF) mode, thus exposing the patient to an increased imaging dose. Materials and Methods: To determine the applicability of FF to anatomically large areas, positioning error values and absorbed dose of organs at risk (OARs) were measured when HF and FF were employed in 22 patients who underwent pelvic intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Results: In a clinical experiment applying FFBF scan mode to anatomically large areas of a patient’s body during CBCT, the positioning error values were measured for all target areas within the mean ± 3 mm in all three directions. The scanning time in the FF scan mode was reduced by 20 s, while the absorption dose was reduced by 7–52 times in the OARs. Conclusion: The appropriate application of FF for treating large-size targets can reduce the CBCT scanning time, which, in turn, would markedly decrease the radiation exposure in patients by reducing random errors during procedures.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of management dimensions of FAN relationship on FAN lifetime value in Iran football premier league. The research method was developmental with regard to the aim and exploratory considering the nature of the study. The data were gathered through interviews, observation, review of the related literature and questionnaires. The statistical population consisted of football FANs over the age of 16 and 527 FANs were used as the sample. Descriptive and inferential statistics including Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test, Pearson correlation, regression and path analysis were used to analyze the data. The results showed that service quality (0.763) and knowledge management (0.543) had direct effects and organizational support had an indirect effect on FAN lifetime value (0.475). In general, results indicated that football clubs need to reform customer-based strategic programs, to pay attention in order to create knowledge and information and to promote service quality in order to increase FAN lifetime value.