Iran is one of the leading countries in the world in production of many horticultural commodities such as pistachios, walnuts, almonds, apricots, apples, dates, grapes and others. In recent years, the areas under horticultural crops have increased, mainly due to high exchange rate and income as well as improvement in water consumption efficiency, the possibility of export and increasing demand. There is also a possibility of their sustainable development and production in the future. On the other hand, as the world's population grows, the need for food is increasing at an alarming rate. Using the latest statistics published by the Ministry of Agriculture Jihad and other sources, the present status of the horticultural products of each sub-sector of pomology in the years 2012 to 2018 were examined. From temperate zone Fruits apple, pear, cherry, peach and apricot,from nut Fruits pistachio, almond, walnut and hazelnut, from tropical and subtropical Fruits dates and citrus, and from small Fruits grapes and strawberries were selected. Considering that the coefficient of selfreliance of horticultural products, except for a small number of tropical Fruits, is 100%, in this article, after presenting the statistics, the challenges of the current situation of pomology in the country are analyzed and approaches to overcome the problems of this sector of horticulture are suggested.

Background and Objectives: Kiwifruit is one of the main exportable agricultural crops which large amount of kiwifruit was annually export from Iran. Low percentage of winter bud break and mis-shaped Fruits production is the main limiting factors for low productivity in Hayward KiwiFruits. Because the exportable Fruits quantity was positively correlated with bud break percentage, flower number and normal Fruits percentage. Therefore, the main objective of current study is to evaluate bud break and deformed incidence percentage in some kiwifruit orchards in Talesh and Rudsar in the West and East of Guilan province, respectively. Materials and Methods: This experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design in nine kiwifruit orchards in both east (Rudsar) and west (Talesh) of Guilan province. Three uniform vines with Hayward kiwifruit with four canes were selected in each orchard. Bud break percentage, flower number per winter bud, mis-shaped fruit percentage (flat and fan fruit percentage) and bud index for mis-shaped Fruits was investigated. Results: The results of orthogonal test showed that there was a significant difference between two kiwifruit production site for bud break percentage, flower number per bud and mis-shapen Fruits percentage (flat and double fruit percentage) and bud index for flat and fan Fruits. Bud break percentage varied (45. 5-58. 76%) in Talesh orchad and (30. 7-45. 39%) in Rudsar. Furthermore, aberrant Fruits percentage was (2. 04-5. 85%) in Talesh and (2. 1-5%) in Rudsar. There were significantly different in terms of the number of flowers per kiwi winter bud in different orchards. This value varied between (1. 81-2. 59) and in Rudsar (1. 78-1. 18). There was a significant difference between different vineyards in terms of cane diameter, average number of buds in cane, percentage of flowering buds, number of flowers in winter buds, percentage of flat and fan Fruits. The incidence place of flat and fan Fruits on the canes was the same independently to vineyards, but double fruit formation place was dependently to vineyard. The largest number of flat and fan shape Fruits were found on node 2 and 3 of current season shoot, however, double and triple Fruits incidence was found in node 1 and 2. Conclusion: Overall, the results showed that the place of fan and flat fruit on the cane, and percentage of mis-shape and multiple Fruits in current season shoot was independent on vineyard and kiwifruit growing region. But bud break percentage, flower number in bud and total mis-shape Fruits was completely dependent to kiwifruit growing region and vineyards.

Background: The phenol content and antioxidant activities (AA) of three tropical fruit pulps namely honey pineapple (Ananas comosus Merr), a Malaysian type of banana (Musa paradasiaca) locally called ‘pisang mas’, and Thai seedless guava (Psidium guajava L.) were studied. Similarly, AA of the flesh of a number of varieties of 4 types of Iranian date palm Fruits varieties (Phoenix dactylifera) including soft dates (SD) (Honey, Bam, Jiroft, and Kabkab dates); semidry dates (SDD) (Sahroon, Piarom, and Zahedi dates); and dry date (DD) (Kharak dates) were analyzed. In this study, AA of the fruit pulps extracts were evaluated using ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, and the free radical scavenging effect on the DPPH radical assays, while the AA of all the date palm Fruits were evaluated using Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) method, 2, 20-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical cation (ABTS+) assays and the FRAP assay. Furthermore, total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) of the tropical and date palm Fruits were determined using Folin-Ciocalteau and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods respectively.Result: Results showed that TPC ranged from 123.21±4.45 to 190.58±4.35 gallic acid equivalents / 100 g (GAE/100 g) for guava Fruits; from 24.37±2.45 to 72.21±2.03 GAE/100 g for banana; and from 34.65±3.44 to 54.68±1.79 GAE/100 g for pineapple. Whereas TPC in the date palm Fruits ranged from 2.89 to 4.82, 4.37 to 6.64 and 141.35 (GAE) /100 g, while TFC ranged from 1.62 to 3.07, 1.65 to 4.71 and 81.79 mg catechin equivalents (CEQ) /100 g sample for SD, SDD and DD, respectively. DPPH values for honey pineapple, banana and guava Fruits ranged from 89.7±0.32 and 65.6±4.10 and 68.6±4.26 % DPPH inhibition respectively. Likewise FRAP values were 4.92±0.11 and 3.23±0.14 and 19.1±0.90 FRAP (l mmol Fe (II) /g) respectively. The AA (ABTS assay) of dates was 22.83-1.17, 47.6-4.61 and 500.33 mmol Trolox equivalents for SD, SDD and DD, respectively. The AA (FRAP assay) per 100 g sample were 11.65-0, 19.12-9.34 and 387.34 mmol FRAP for SD, SDD and DD, respectively.Results showed that high phenol content was significantly correlated with higher antioxidant capacity.