Background: Currently, with the omission of speculum in vaginal examination, noninvasive methods to diagnose gonorrhea and chlamydia by urine tests are available. It is now possible to diagnose bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis and trichomoniasis by vaginal swabs directly without speculum examination.Purpose: This quasi-experimental study was conducted to compare the results of two sampling methods with or without speculum of vaginal discharge in diagnosing GYNECOLOGICAL INFECTIONS.Methods: 100 patients between 18-49 with vaginal discharge and other manifestations of vaginosis referring to gynecology clinic of Taleghani hospital were selected by convenience sampling method. One vaginal swab was used before examination with speculum and one during it to collect the discharge for diagnosing trichomoniasis, candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis. Both samples were observed under microscope by blind method and compared in terms of sensitivity.Results: Sensitivities of discharge collection with and without speculum for diagnosing bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis and candidiasis were %81 and %71, 69% and %62.5, and %86 and %77 respectively with no significant difference. Agreements between the two methods for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis and candidiasis were 0.89, 0.85 and 0.72 respectively.Conclusion: GYNECOLOGICAL INFECTIONS can be detected without examination by speculum. This is helpful for those who fear from this type of examination and delay their visits.

An early diagnosis of GYNECOLOGICAL caner is a life saving measure in ensuring a woman's health. It is important that the current knowledge about screening and timely diagnosis of premalignant and malignant conditions are ensured for physicians, the necessity of widespread use of screening is due to its high sensitivity, specificity, low cost and its non invasiveness. Cervical cancer is one of the GYNECOLOGICAL cancers where screening programs have resulted in a reduction in morbidity and mortality secondary to this disease, in endometrial cancer, as the patient usually reports during the initial phase of the disease; screening is only useful in the high risk group. Ovarian cancer is another GYNECOLOGICAL caner in which considerable research is going on to find an appropriate screening Techniques. In this article we would discuss the varying screening techniques available for GYNECOLOGICAL caners.

Background: Gastrointestinal Injuries (GI) during GYNECOLOGICAL operation are uncommon but proper management of these injuries is very important. Objectives: The aim of this study was to review the causes and management of gastrointestinal injuries during GYNECOLOGICAL and obstetrical operations.Patients and Methods: In this descriptive retrospective study, 25 patients with gastrointestinal injuries during GYNECOLOGICAL and obstetrical operation at Shabihkhani Maternity Hospital in Kashan city were reviewed. Demographic data such as age, gravid, parity, type of surgery or procedure, history of laparotomy, the surgical operation, injury site, time of diagnosis and method of treatment were extracted from medical records.Results: The mean age of women was 33.2±7.57 years. Fourty-four percent of the patients had a history of abdominal scar. Thirty-two percent of all GI injuries occurred during total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH). The small bowel was injured in 36% of cases. Fifty-two percent of injuries were diagnosed during the operation and the mean time of injury diagnosis was 2.8±0.9 days. Conclusions: All of the gynecologic surgeons must be aware of gastrointestinal injuries and should anticipate injury to these organs, especially in high-risk patients for decreasing patient morbidity.

Celiac disease (CD) shows an increased prevalence in female, particularly during the fertile period. Celiac disease should be researched in infertility, spontaneous and recurrent abortions, delayed menarche, amenorrhea, early menopause, and children with low birth-weight. Celiac disease is still little considered during the evaluation of infertility. Up to 50% of women with untreated CD refer an experience of miscarriage or an unfavorable outcome of pregnancy. Celiac patients taking a normal diet (with gluten) have a shorter reproductive period. Women with undiagnosed CD had a higher risk of small for gestation age infants very small for gestational age infants and preterm birth when compared with women with noted CD. The link between NCGS and infertility is actually unknown. The goal of our work is to perform an actual review about this topic and to increase the awareness in the medical population to research celiac disease in selected obstetric and GYNECOLOGICAL disorders.

Background: Adhesion is a common complication of gynecology surgery so different barrier agents and solutions have been used during these operations to separate and protect tissues from adhesion after surgery. Adept is one of these solutions that have been postulated to reduce the chance of adhesion following gynecolgy surgery.Objective: To evaluate the effect of 4% icodextrin in reducing adhesion formation in comparing with sterile water and human amniotic fluid in rabbits.Materials and Methods: In this prospective experimental study 30 white Newzealand female rabbits were selected and randomized in to three treatment groups. The rabbits were anesthetized and an abdominal incison was made, uterine horns were abrated with gauze until bleeding occurred. Before closing the abdomen, the traumatized area was irrigated either by 30cc of sterile water, 30cc of 4% Adept or 30cc of human amniotic fluid. The solutions were labeled only as solutions A (steriel water), B (icodextrin), or C (human amniotic fluid). On the seventh day after surgery, second laparotomy was performed to determine and compare adhesion formation in rabbits.Results: There was significant difference between mean score of adhesions in 4% icodextrin group (2.1±0.70) in comparison to sterile water group (10.4±0.60) and amniotic fluid group (8.7±0.84). But the difference between mean score of adhesions in amniotic fluid group in comparison to sterile water group was not significant (8.7±0.84) versus (10.4±0.60).Conclusion: The use of 4% icodextrin solution was more effective than human amniotic fluid and sterile water in reducing adhesion formation in a GYNECOLOGICAL surgery model in rabbits.

Early recognition of Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasm (GTN) will maximize the chances of cure with chemotherapy but some patients present with many different symptoms months or even years after the causative pregnancy making diagnosis difficult. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of GTN in any reproductive age woman with bizarre central nervous system, gastrointestinal, pulmonary symptoms or radiographic evidence of metastatic tumor of unknown primary origin. We reported five cases of metastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasms with bizarre pulmonary symptoms, acute abdomen, neurologic symptoms presenting without GYNECOLOGICAL symptoms.