Nowadays, the fundamental role of having a purpose for life in physical and mental health has been confirmed. According to victor frankl, presence of a purpose in life gives life a meaning and increases resilience against pains and traumas. The importance of the purpose in life construct reveals the need for a reliable and valid tool to measure it. Crumbaugh and Maholick's purpose in life questionnaire is the first and one of the most applied tools for the assessment of life's purposefulness. The aim of this research is to determine the factor Structure of purpose in life questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered on 206 students who were selected through random stratified sampling at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Exploratory factor analysis showed that there are two factors "comprehension" and "purpose" and this finding were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Altogether results of this research showed factor validity of the purpose in life questionnaire with a two factor pattern

The objective of this paper is to obtain an excellent Structure of a rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactor (RHCR) by a numerical method and then to investigate the cavitating flow characteristics of the optimized RHCR experimentally. The RNG k-ε turbulence model combined with the Zwart cavitation model was applied to analyze the influence of the straight blade number, the baffle position and the baffle shape on the pressure field, bubble distribution and turbulence kinetic energy of the RHCR. The results show that compared to the original model, an RHCR with a straight blade number of 6, a baffle position of 0. 74 and a triangular baffle offers better cavitation performance. Moreover, the energy performance and the cavitation development process of the optimized RHCR were studied experimentally. The results indicate that the multiscale bubbles are induced by straight blades and baffles of the optimized RHCR, accompanied by the twice quasi-periodic shedding dynamics in one cycle. The findings of this study have positive significance for the design and optimization of RHCRs.

Form in Islamic Art is derived from the dominant concept in Islamic Philosophy i.e.the unity of existence.Among these forms are Geometric designs or nodes in Islamic art developing from the main constituents of mathematics and geometry i.e. digit and shape. Relying on the views of traditionalists, this paper explores the quality aspect of digits and shapes and their symbolic functions in the traditional approach in particular in Islamic worldview. The paper then depicts how these elements participate in the Structure of Geometric nodes of Sheikh Safi Structure in Ardabil and give them a quality and symbolic aspect by matching them through allegory and hermeneutics.

The definition of regularity is different as it has different goals. Most engineers agree that a space Structure is regular if a high percentage of its elements (sides) are equal or almost equal. There are several ways for improving regularity of the space Structures, In this regard, Professor Nooshin et al used methods such as Traviation Process, Stepping Projection, Recursive techniques and etc to create a special category of Structures (domes and flats) and they presented grid shells that were designed in a multimodal way. They defined regularity indicators quantitatively which are known as degrees of regularity or Geometric parameters or regularity measuring meters. The regularity in this research is related to the increase of elements with equal or almost equal length, reduction the number of elements with different lengths, and the reduction of the number of length intervals while maintaining the geometry of the form. The freeform space Structure of Ati Center were designed by the engineers of the Ofogh Noor Space Structures Company by using a single layer grid in Rhino software. This study aims to investigate the previous regularity indicators and improving regularity of this Structure with triangulation techniques and proposed algorithm which is the optimization of Delaunay triangulation obtained from 176 random points with the help of circle packing algorithm and octopus optimization to reach a suitable pattern. Also we have presented algorithms to calculate the regularity indices and we have calculated them for each Structure, investigated the improving regularity and we have suggested the general definition of regularity index and we have shown that the definitions of regularity indices alone are not the basis for evaluating the regularity of two Structures. So a unique definition is needed. The result of this research is effective in solving problems related to form selection, improving regularity.

Geometric patterns are one of the most prominent aspects of Islamic Art. The geometry of Islamic patterns with its secrets and mysteries has always been discussed and thought by many philosophers and experts who have expressed their views on how to create the geometry of patterns and discover the mysteries hidden in these works. Thinkers and experts in art have chosen different methods and approaches in examining the existence of Geometric patterns and from their point of view have given a reason for the existence of these Geometric patterns, for instance scholars such as Oleg Grabar, Richard Ettinghausen and Gulru Necipoglu consider Islamic Geometric patterns a decoration. What have been mentioned so far about Geometric patterns are the studies that the authors have looked at with a historical and theoretical approach. But this research, with a completely different perspective, has constructed a bridge between Islamic art and science, and talks about the existence of the geometry of Islamic patterns with a scientific approach. One of the important concerns of researchers and artists is to decipher the works of art to understand the artwork and the reason it exists. This research, by presenting a different idea from what has been expressed so far in the history of Islamic art, tries to reveal a higher object and a view beyond the common definitions of the Islamic Geometric patterns. This research seeks to discover a relationship between the geometry of Islamic patterns with other sciences especially chemistry and believes that a bridge can be established between these two to find out what the Islamic Geometric patterns are. In order to achieve this theory, we make adaption between Islamic Geometric patterns and Structure of chemical formulas.The purpose of this article is to achieve a more complete knowledge of Geometric patterns in Islamic art with a scientific approach; an approach that has not been addressed so far and requires a lot of research in this area. Therefore, the main questions of the research are: 1- Does the Structure of chemical elements, materials and formulas correspond to Geometric patterns? 2- What is the degree of conformity of Geometric patterns with the Structure of materials and chemical formulas?The research method is descriptive-comparative and its inference is based on analogy. The method of analyzing qualitative information and collecting data is from library data. Since the author has spent part of his artistic activities learning, drawing and practicing, teaching and researching in the field of geometry of Islamic patterns, by watching the Structure of chemical formulas understood that there is a similarity between these two field. He immediately started researching and looking through the encyclopedias and reference books of chemistry, he searched for the forms of chemical formulas that are formed like Geometric designs and patterns as documented in the archive of reference books. There are some important reference books about the geometry of Islamic patterns such as Gereh-Chini at Islamic architecture and handicrafs, Hossein Zomrashidi (1986) and the five-volume collections of Iranian Tiling, Mahmoud MaheroNaghsh (1982). Then, the executed examples had been classified into tables to lead to a better adaption; the first column of which shows the costruction of chemical formulas. The secend column is for islamic Geometric patterns which is followed by a picture of Geometric pattern in the architectural space of Iranian architecture.The necessity and importance of this research is based on the fact that since so far, all theoretical discussions about the geometry of Islamic patterns have been raised by Western and non-Muslim scholars and philosophers, the truth about the importance and decipherment of secrets in Geometric Islamic patterns are not well pursued. Therefore, it is necessary for a Muslim artist to present a different theory in this regard.In response to the research questions, we conclude that the geometry of Islamic patterns is directly related to chemistry. 65 comparative samples in the form of 6 tables were presented in this research. First, those chemical bonds that were structurally simple and unmanipulated were adapted to the geometry of Islamic patterns. In the following tables, more complex and diverse chemical bonds and those images that showed chemical bonds under a microscope were mentioned and adapted to Geometric designs and patterns. In the last table, the evolved samples of chemical bonds were presented under the title of dendrimers, which corresponded to the types of Shamsa under the arches and domes. In all samples, one hundred percent correspondence between the geometry of Islamic patterns and the chemical Structure of the materials was evident. This adaptation can be seen either in the Structure of unmanipulated or advanced chemical bonds with Islamic Geometric patterns and designs. The degree of conformity in the samples presented in this research was one hundred percent and the theory of matching between the geometry of Islamic patterns and the Structure of chemical bonds was complete and established.

In This research numerical investigation of two phase flow Structure and heat transfer in microchannels with 0. 55 and 0. 7 millimeter hydraulic diameter has been done. For this purpose, Ansys Fluent software has been used and has wrote a UDF code for modeling of phase change process in this software. Inlet flow has been assumed as super heat vapor of R134a and microchannel wall boundary condition is considered as constant heat flux. Effect of Geometric cross section of microchannel in 3 cross section circular, square and trapezoid with inlet mass flux range 100-600 𝑘𝑔/(𝑚2𝑠) on heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop has been evaluated. Also two phase flow Structure in two mentioned hydraulic diameter with same boundary condition has been studied. Under the same conditions of input mass flux and cross-section of the microchannel, it was observed that heat transfer coefficient in microchannel with 0. 55 millimeter hydraulic diameter, is higher about 15%. Also in a specific range of input mass flux, pressure drop in 0. 55 millimeter hydraulic diameter is 3 times higher than 0. 7 millimeter hydraulic diameter. Also in both two hydraulic diameter 0. 55 and 0. 7 millimeter, square, circular and trapezoid microchannel have higher heat transfer coefficient in respect.

In this paper, parametric modeling of five types of common used motifs in Islamic-Iranian architecture including Hashte-Chahar-Lengeh, Hashte-Panj, Hashte-Bazoubandi, Chahar-Lengeh-AlmasTarash and Table Khofte Rasteh are carried out. These motifs are selected because of low condensate of members and the ability to construct them appropriately as load barring rod elements in the dome space Structure of slow Shabdari arch. Hence, motifs are projected on the geometry of slow Shabdari arch to create a dome space Structure. The problem of parametric modeling of motifs is done in two cases of changing the number of basic modules and changing module production parameters. In the first case, the projection algorithm of basic modules depends on the dissemination coefficients representing the number of modules’ proliferation in horizontal and vertical direction of dome. In this case, the aim is to create sparse or delicate networks based on the form of fixed basic module. In the second case, the parameters used in the algorithm of basic modules themselves relies on the dissemination coefficients to produce new modules based on the considered motifs. Computer simulations for the second case of the problem of motifs’ parametric modeling show that, through a proper choice of the dissemination coefficients, slow Shabdari arch can be converted to common dome space Structures such as lamella and ribbed domes.

ABSTRACTDuring the last century, ports of Persian Gulf become the most important storage, refining and transportation of crude oil, oil derivation, petrochemical products and also, business activities. Nowadays, due to functional diversity between ports, the impact of port activities on the development of urban spaces will be different, and this issue leads to structural differences of port cities. The purpose of this research is to identify the key variables affecting the relations and spatial Structure of port-city in Dubai as the most thriving and successful port-city in the Persian Gulf. This research is based on deductive reasoning and carried out by analysis of cross effects with secondary data (results of other prominent articles) and also primary data (questionnaire). sampling method is based on purposive sampling and Micmac software was used to analyze the data. Output of Micmac software shows the position of the instability of the system. Therefore, the position of each variables in the conceptual model can be categorized to driver, linkage, dependent, and autonomous factors. The research findings indicate 4 variables (like as “income, cost and investmnets in port-city”) can be introduced as a driver factor, 5 variables (like as “advanced multimodal transportation in the port”) can be introduced as a linkage factor, 6 variables (like as “quality of living environment and desirable city”) can be introduced as a dependent factor, 3 variables (like as “environmental protection and sustainable development of the city-port”) can be introduced as an autonomous factor. The rapid development of Dubai can be explained by the purposeful distribution of revenues from trade and tourismExtended AbstractIntroductionDuring the last century, ports of Persian Gulf become the most important storage, refining and transportation of crude oil, oil derivation, petrochemical products and also, business activities. The global increase in oil demand since the 1950s led to the creation of discovery of new oil wells and large industrial areas. With the construction of new oil or gas facilities in the port areas, increasing oil revenues contributed to the countries of the Persian Gulf region and form a new geographical relationship between ports and coastal cities which had an impact on the spatial Structure and relation of them. Nowadays, due to functional diversity between ports, the impact of port activities on the development of urban spaces will be different, and this issue leads to structural differences of port cities. In the 1950s, Containerization (container loading technology) was based in some of the world's ports and created a huge transformation in the shipping industry, which had a significant impact on the development of ports. Although the ports of the Persian Gulf have made a significant contribution to the economic growth and physical development of other ports in the world, but few researches have been done on the variables and factors affecting the development of the spatial Structure of the important ports of the Persian Gulf. This region, due to its unique geographical location, has always been considered as a most important corridor in the field of economic and transportation throughout history. Some of the most important energy and commercial ports in this region are: Dubai, Manama, Kuwait, Dammam, Doha, Bushehr, Bandar-Abbas and Assaluyeh. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to identify the key variables affecting the relations and spatial Structure of port-city in Dubai as the most thriving and successful port-city in the Persian Gulf. MethodologyThis research is based on deductive reasoning and carried out by analysis of cross effects with secondary data (results of other prominent articles) and also primary data (questionnaire). The method used in this research is quantitative and the sampling method is based on purposive sampling. the variables affecting the spatial Structure of port-city relations were identified in the form of a review of 31 prominent articles. 25 experts (who had comprehensive knowledge and information about the development process of the city-port of Dubai) participated to determine the effectiveness or influence of variables. Finally, the output of data analysis was done by the Micmac software. Results and discussionOutput of Micmac software shows the position of the variables in the diagram that it indicates their status in the system and their role in the dynamics and changes of the system. The method of distribution and dispersion of the variables in the spatial Structure of port-city relations indicates the instability of the system. Therefore, based on the output of the system, the position of each variables in the conceptual model can be identified in five categories (driver, linkage, dependent, autonomous and regulatory variables). According to the results, some variables such as “the changes in the strategic positions” and “geopolitics of port-city”, “the modification of the management method” and “regional planning of the ports”, “the promotion of local governance in the relations between port-city” and “the way of national and international management of ports have been introduced as driver variables. On the other hand, five variables consist of “advanced multimodal transportation in the port” and “income, cost and investment in the port-city”, “the contrast and physical integration of the port - city space”, “the development of various industrial and production activities in the ports and their local hinterland” and “their qualities Financial and commercial policies of ports” have been introduced as linkage variables. Findings of research also shows that some variables consist of “quality of living environment and desirable city”, “quantity and quality of transit corridors (rail, road and air) to hinterland”, “construction and launching the new port (sea port or dry port)”, “terminal facilities and infraStructure and warehousing”, “conflict or convergence between the city and the port” and “increase in population growth rate and migration to the port - city” categorized as dependent variables. Three variables including “cultural and historical background of ports”, “use of cheaper energy, Less-polluted, clean and renewable energies in the city-port” and “environmental protection and sustainable development of the city-port” categorized as autonomous variables. Finally, a variable with the title of “improvement in management and information technology and development in loading, unloading and storage of commodities” have been introduced as regulatory variables. The findings of this research have a remarkable similarity with other researches carried out in the field of city-port relation and clearly emphasize the direct impact of the "investment in port-city" in the development of them. For example, Grossmann (2008) emphasized that city-port of Hamburg has become one of the largest ports in Northern Europe during the last few decades due to huge domestic and foreign investment. ConclusionThis research carried out in order to introduce and explain the key variables affecting the development of the spatial Structure of the port-city of Dubai. On this basis, 21 variables have been extracted by systematic reviews of prominent articles. In the following, 25 experts were selected with the purposive sampling method. Among the 21 variables extracted, 4 variables (like as “geopolitics of port-city”) introduced as a driver factor, 5 variables (like as “advanced multimodal transportation in the port”) introduced as a linkage factor, 6 variables (like as “quality of living environment and desirable city”) introduced as a dependent factor, 3 variables (like as “environmental protection and sustainable development of the city-port”) introduced as an autonomous factor. The rapid development of Dubai can be explained by the purposeful distribution of revenues from trade and tourism. A part of these revenues has been directed towards investment in important transportation infraStructures such as airports and ports of this city. These strategies have a wide impact on improving the economic growth of the city and the development of the port in order to adapt with the global trade and advanced technologies. FundingThere is no funding support. Authors’ ContributionAuthors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of InterestAuthors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.