Background & Objective: Non-cognitive and personality variables, such as Grit, have been shown to play an important role in medical science education. In order to facilitate studies in this field, it is necessary to have a reliable and valid instrument. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factor structure and psychometric properties of the short Grit Scale (Grit-S) for Iranian dental students. Material & Methods: For this psychometric study, the short Grit-S was administered to a sample of dental students (n = 226) during the first semester of the academic year 2022-2023 at the School of Dentistry of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences. First, the questionnaire was translated, and then the psychometric properties of the Short Grit-S were evaluated. Descriptive statistics and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) were performed using SPSS 26, while Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted through AMOS 24. Results: The results of this study provide evidence for the validity and reliability of the Short Grit-S as a measure of Grit among Iranian dental students. The internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's alpha), split-half reliability, and test-retest were 0. 80, 0. 82, and 0. 84, respectively. The Short Grit-S was found to be a valid and reliable instrument with good factorial validity, internal consistency, convergence, and criterion validity. The Short Grit-S was found to be useful for finding out how persistent Iranian dental students were in their efforts (Eigenvalue 3. 53,variance explained 50. 44) and how interested they were in learning (Eigenvalue 1. 16,variance explained 16. 55). The two-factor model with 7 items (item 2 was omitted) was found to be the best factor structure for the Persian version of the Short Grit-S. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study found that the Persian version of the Short Grit-S with 7 items was a reliable and valid instrument for measuring Grit among Iranian dental students

Objective: With consideration of the importance of Grit for learning English as a foreign language (EFL), the present study aimed to develop and validate an EFL Grit instrument whose items are specific to EFL context. Method: A Methodology of this research was descriptive and participants of this study were EFL teachers and learners in Hamadan and Tehran Language Institutes. This questionnaire was developed reviewing the existing literature and exploring EFL experts’ perceptions. Results: The piloting and testing of the tentative model through exploratory and confirmatory data analyses with the use of scree plot, Bartlett’ s test of sphericity, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy and warimax rotation on a sample of 306 EFL learners indicated the existence of four reliable factors of “ Trying Hard to Learn English (0. 78)” , “ Having Interest in Learning English (0. 84)” , “ Practicing a lot in order to Learn English (0. 81)” and “ Having Goal for Learning English (0. 82)” and the reliability of 0. 83 for the whole questionnaire. Conclusion: So, it could be said that, the present questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument for applied educational, linguistics and psycholinguistics researches.

The purpose of this research is the conceptualization of individual and collective Grit  from the perspective of Quranic education. The research method is descriptive-analytical and data analysis was done using thematic analysis method. The statistical population of the research was 389 verses of the Holy Quran with words related to Grit. With the purposeful sampling method, 34 verses formed the research sample. The findings of the research indicate six key themes as the components of Grit in religious education: Faith and hope in unseen factors, courage and risk-taking, focus on what you have, strength of will, greatness and importance of the goal, motivational and unifying atmosphere. Based on this, the definition of Grit is: Based on this, the definition of step stability is:  "Continuing the movement towards the long-term goal in such a way that the person on the way to it has spiritual vitality combined with the acceptance of sufferings, and in a situation that provokes him to quit, he remains stable and with enthusiasm, strong will and belief in the divine victory of his efforts. uses " Grit in Qur'anic education has two dimensions, individual and collective, which in the collective concept of education is formed in individuals in such a way that with three indicators of inclusive enthusiasm, following the example of people of endurance, tolerant and loving synergy, weaknesses are compensated with the help of collective strength and move to the achievement of the goal will continue.

The creating scratch by an abrasive Grit is mostly investigated to enhance the finishing processes. In grinding, many distributed abrasive Grits on grinding wheel surface are engaged with the workpiece to remove material. To investigate the material removal mechanism in grinding process a scratch and removed material by an abrasive Grit is assumed and simulated. The results are developed for all engaged abrasive Grits on grinding wheel surface. This leads to improve the machining process and gaining deeper insight to the grinding mechanism. By analyzing a creating scratch by a single abrasive Grit, the material removal mechanism is scrutinized from a different view. The effect of grinding wheel surface topography and input parameters on material removal mechanism is investigated. Results show that increasing cutting speed leads to changing material removal mechanism from ploughing to cutting. The shape of abrasive Grits has more effect on material removal mechanism. In worn Grits increasing the cutting depth causes the ploughing to become the dominant mechanism in machining. This leads to less cutting efficiency. But in abrasive Grits with sharp single cutting edge the converse result is achieved. When Grit breaks down and self dressing occurs during machining, the multiple edges are formed on Grit and the Grit acts like a dull abrasive.