Fatimid government (297-567 AH) in Egypt and Damascus was in part contemporary with the long-established government of Sharif of al-Hassani (358-1343 AH) in Mecca and Sharif of al-Hosseini (360-1100 AH) in Medina. HEJAZ noblemen, despite their spiritual independence and political prominence, were constantly influenced by the policies of their adjoining powerful governments. Among these governments, Shiite Fatimids were considered as foes and rivals to Abbasid government and Buyid and Seljuk dynasties in Iran. Given their military supremacy, they tried their best to be in the ascendancy of the Holy Shrines and making governors follow their policies. The historical analysis of this era led to emergence of a good number of questions. The present study aims to respond to two of these questions: How were the relations between the Fatimids and Sharif of al-HEJAZ governors? What factors impacted on the stability of the relations of the Fatimids? The findings of the study revealed that there were mutual relations between the Fatimids and Sharif of al-HEJAZ governors in a way that the Fatimids sought to maintain their legitimacy and governmental prominence via diplomatic relations with the Sharifs and dominating HEJAZ. Furthermore, they wished to inhibit the Abbasids and their allies from gaining control over the Holy Shrines. Sharifs, given their political, military, and economic weakness, also attempted to reinforce themselves financially and maintain their political stability via relations with the Fatimids. The reasons for the continuity of such relations could also be sought in the acts of the Buyid and Seljuk dynasties. The present study aims to answer these questions and test the posed hypotheses through a descriptive-analytic, inferential approach and library-oriented method of data collection.

Although researches done on Kaghani’s poems and thought especially by the last two decades has increased, Khaghani and his poems require further researches. From among the essential researches which should be done on Khaghani, providing a better practical criticism than those worthy ones done by Ostad Ali ‘abdolrasouli and Dr. Zia’aldin Sajadi is of grave importance. This paper tries to analyse two terms of and in the following two verses taken from his famous ode titled Herz-ol- HEJAZ. Furthermore, the researcher has also presented his reasons for preferring and to the aforesaid terms. عقل و جان چون یی و سین بر در یاسین خفتند                                                             تن چو نون کز قلمش دور کنی تا بینند خاک مشکین که ز بالین رسول آورده است                                                             حرز بازوش چو الکهف و چو کاها بینند

The present paper seeks to recognize the cultural condition of HEJAZ region before Holy Prophet's mission with regard to its constituent sources. As its method, is refers to historians' works and recognize sources influencing the culture before Holy prophet's mission. Then, it offers a conceptual or applied analysis of these sources with regard to existing historical documents in order to find the modus operand of these sources. The research findings are some important and influential sources in forming the culture before Holy Prophet's mission. This paper sheds light on two sources, i.e. tribe and religion which played role in forming the culture of HEJAZ region.

The present paper tries to shed light on the cultural situation in HEJAZ in the period before the Holy Prophet's mission in order to get familiar with the sources which contributed to the culture. The methodological strategy used for this purpose is to study the works of historians, identify the sources influencing the culture before Holy Prophet's mission and make a conceptual or applied analysis of these sources in the light of historical documents in order to see how effective these sources are. The research findings refer to some of the important sources which influence the development of culture in the period before the Holy Prophet's mission. This paper discusses two of these sources, that is, the nature and inter-cultural relations and their role in developing the culture of HEJAZ.

With the advent of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula, its decentralized and undeveloped structure was faltered. Social and political system ruling it, which was based on the tribe, reacted to Islam to survive and to continue his life, and among them some tribes and clans which accepted Islam and recognized it functions, provided a basis for the formation of Islamic State by migration of the prophet of the Islam and the Muslims. The difference in approach of these tribes in two poles of Islam, Mecca and Medina, one of them the origin and the other one a context for spreading the mission of the Prophet, is investigated in this article relating to their Qahtani and Adnani descents. Merchants and nobles of Mecca considered Islam as disruptive for their economic and social system and objected to it because they considered it malfunctioned. Adversely, the farmer people of Medina who wasn’t germane of Qahtani descent, accepted Islam and considered it the Mouthpiece of peace that had functions for them. This article aims to statically analyze the behavior of these tribes and clans, using the theory of Robert King Merton, regarding their relationship with the Qahtani and Adnani descents, in the range of perfect companionship, maximum companionship, half companionship, minimum companionship and non-companionship. The research method is based on analytical-statistical method and data is collected from the library. The findings indicated that Qahtani Arabs had the highest association and Adnani Arabs had the least association with the Prophet of Islam in the twenty-three years of his prophecy. Among the reasons for this fact we can mention the civilization history of Qahtani Arabs, urbanization history, as well as more familiarity with monotheistic religions, and also, permanent settlement of them in the same land which has raised their tolerance threshold to accept new cultures.

This article discusses the responses to the announcement of King Hussein of the HEJAZ for the caliphate in the French and British-mandated territories, which include Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine in 1924. This study uses a qualitative research method by analyzing the primary and secondary sources. This article finds that the announcement of King Hussein’s caliphate in Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine has provoked various reactions with strong support among the Arab populations in these regions. The findings also show that this support to restore the caliphate for the Arabs and the Quraysh was raised for proclaiming King Hussein as caliph. The most significant reaction of all, however, was in the French-mandated territories of Syria and Lebanon. This matter has caused an uneasy reaction from the French colonial to undermine support for King Hussein. His reign was short-lived. He lost his Hashemite kingdom and the caliphate in the same year, when the Saudi ruler, Ibn Saud immediately attacked his declaration as illegitimate and launched a military campaign in HEJAZ. King Hussein went into exile to Cyprus, where he lived until he died in 1931.

Before Islam, the HEJAZ region, due to its geographical position and climatic characteristics, faced a combination of limitations and potentials in the provision and production of food resources. The hot and arid climate, lack of consistent rainfall, absence of permanent rivers, and vast expanses of land unsuitable for cultivation were among the main natural constraints of this region. These factors led to water scarcity, limited crop diversity, and instability in edible vegetation, particularly in Bedouin areas. Under such conditions, a considerable portion of the nomadic population lived with serious nutritional deficiencies and a strong dependence on limited animal-based resources such as milk and dates. In contrast, the presence of valleys, wells, and fertile lands in areas such as Yathrib, Ta&rsquo, if, and Khaybar made it possible to cultivate and produce agricultural, horticultural, and livestock products, turning these regions into important centers of subsistence and agriculture. Moreover, Mecca&rsquo, s strategic position along the north&ndash, south trade routes enabled the import and exchange of essential goods from Yemen, Syria, and even Egypt, partially compensating for the region&rsquo, s food shortages.

To justify and legitimize their power the muselem monarchy paid special atteintion to Islamic Rituals inclueling Haj cermoney. They normally appointed the Amir Al-Haj and try to secur the roads for plegramigos carvan. Invasion of Iran and muslem territories by Mongols and the collapse of Kharazmshahy and Abassid caliphate caused rise of Ilkhand dynasty over those Islamic territories. Taking into account that Ilkhanids were not faithfull to Islam, accordingly if was expected that they do not follow the previous policy in supportiy Haj cermoney, but in contrast they did and entered in a competition with Mamalik of Egypt in this regard. However invation of Iran by Mongols at first stage change the situation for while, but soon after the establishment of Ilkhands dynasty and they by help Iranian bureaucrats the Haj cermony was supported by Ilkhanids and they showed more tolerance toward Islamic rituals. In this paper it has tried to examine the Haj cermoney during the Ilkhanids and illustrate that why supported such kind of rituals in this period.

The poet's strategy before the speech helps him to plan the speech and arrange the words and phrases. This strategy is divided into direct and indirect prayer. In fact, the indirect strategy, which refers to the implicit and non-obvious discourse, is chosen according to the conditions and objectives of the discourse, and it has different tools, which analogy is one of these tools. This research aims to investigate the strategy HEJAZ in creating simils images that he used to express the issues of society. And since the examination of these images based on this point of view requires paying attention to the external context of the discourse along with the internal context, so it can be said that the best method for this research is the method of language usage, which, in addition to paying attention to the internal factors of the discourse, also to the external factors has attention. This research has reached results, the most important of which are: There is a close relationship between the society in which the poet lives and the similes he used to express the situation of this society. And for this reason, the audience finds out about the poet's social situation by seeing these images. Since the purpose of the poet in using simile was not only to decorate the words and he considered it as a means to express the social situation and related issues, therefore he sought to understand the audience and tried to create comprehensible and convincing simile images and also pay attention to A shared culture with the audience to bring them together with their thoughts. Therefore, it can be said that the poet's indirect strategy is more obvious and direct, Because the purpose of the poet was to communicate with the audience and convey concepts to him.

The West of Islamic World along with HEJAZ, Syria and Iraq besides Iran has formed the three major regions, in the field of Sunni hadith development, in different periods of Islamic history.This witting is a brief account of the Sunni hadith activities in the West of Islamic World. The author first deals with the main efforts made by the great Western hadith scholars and their outstanding works as well as the role of the West and East of Islamic world in disseminating hadith. Demonstrating the Western studies in the field of hadith scholarship, the author views outflow of hadith into the West and its entry in addition to its development from a geographical perspective and also make a mention of some characteristics of these hadith centers.