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Author(s): 

,

Journal: 

Ma`rifat-e Adyan

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2023
  • Volume: 

    14
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    43-58
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    50
  • Downloads: 

    3
Abstract: 

The discussion of Christology is one of the most important topics in Christianity, which has always attracted the attention of researchers of religions. Therefore, it has put forward the process of examining the nature of Jesus Christ in councils such as the Council of Nicaea and established the Divine nature of Jesus Christ. The theory of the divinity of Jesus Christ has been accepted by Christians as a general principle until today; therefore, Christian and non-Christian critics have criticized and evaluated this idea. Allameh Balaghi is one of the critics who has examined and criticized Jesus Christ as one of the three HYPOSTASIS of the Trinity, taking a theological-critical approach. This article investigates the theological opinions of Allameh Balaghi in this field, using an explanatory-analytical method, and shows how he challenges the Divine nature of Jesus Christ and also him being the son of God. It also proves, using rational arguments and evidences from the Bible, that these propositions cannot be defended in the discussion of Christology and are unacceptable.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2008
  • Volume: 

    6
  • Issue: 

    1 (11)
  • Pages: 

    35-51
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    2498
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Beauty and art have main positions in Plotinus (203-273) philosophy. He specifically worked on art and beauty in three treatises of Enneades: sixth treatise of first ennead, eighth treatise of fifth ennead and seventh treatise of sixth ennead. In two parts of Plotinus' theory, beauty and art are the same. He says the artist should make himself beautiful and get far from dirt to see the intelligible beauty. Thereby he comes back to his self and realizes it as it is and therefore he comes beautiful and can see intelligible beauty. In another part he says that artistic creation is similar to creation of nature, soul and nous. In other word as they create the beauty by looking, artist also creates beauty by looking the intelligible forms. So what leads in all creations is knowledge. Therefore in plotinus' opinion, aesthetics is epistemology and ontology. In this ideology, comprehending the being needs becoming beautiful and getting beautiful is becoming good.

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Author(s): 

Kalbasi Ashtari Hossein

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2024
  • Volume: 

    12
  • Issue: 

    24
  • Pages: 

    407-438
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    17
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Although the Neoplatonic school has been called as the last link and legacy of the chain of Hellenistic philosophical tradition, the combined and unifying characteristic of this philosophical school on the one hand, and the diversity of theoretical and practical tendencies and orientations within it on the other hand, raises a range of questions in the field of conceptual unity between Those trends are imposed on the researchers. Among the first questions, aside from the question related to the type and style of reading of the members of this school from the systems of Plato and Aristotle, it goes back to the ontological view of the philosophers of this philosophical tradition, which, although undoubtedly a reflection of the views of its founder - Plotinus - in the Enneads and especially the theory HYPOSTASIS. This article analyzes and compares the levels of existence among two early Neoplatonists - Porphyry , the student of Plotinus, and Iamblichus, the student of Porphyry - and their degree of affinity and loyalty to the basic structure of Neoplatonism's Ontology, and shows that with Iamblichus, there is a kind of fundamental rotation of the type of integration with the elements. Mystery and priesthood emerged in this system and were finally rebuilt in the framework of Proclus' school and his influential writings.

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Author(s): 

ABDI VALI

Journal: 

RELIGIOUS INQUIRIES

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2019
  • Volume: 

    8
  • Issue: 

    16
  • Pages: 

    5-23
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    170
  • Downloads: 

    278
Abstract: 

The Melkites, Jacobites, and Nestorians were the main Christian communities under Muslim rule. Several pre-Islamic Arab Christian authors wrote treatises concerning their beliefs in Arabic, some of which date back to the early Islamic centuries. The multiplicity of such polemical works suggests an intellectually open society and a degree of tolerance shown by Muslim leaders. Abu Raʾ itah al-Takriti (d. 835) was one of the most influential Jacobite authors, who wrote treatises on the Trinity and Incarnation. His era shows the new challenges raised by Muslim surroundings, some of which were unprecedented in the Christian world. As such, Arab Christians like Abu Raʾ itah were compelled to use new methods and respond to novel objections. Abu Raʾ itah tried to explain the Trinity in the framework of Islamic theology (kalam). Therefore, he introduced the hypostases as God’ s attributes. According to him, Knowledge (Speech) and Life are two substantial and eternal divine attributes. Abu Raʾ itah also referred to the Bible and the Quran and used various analogies in order to defend the doctrine of the Trinity.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2014
  • Volume: 

    3
  • Issue: 

    7
  • Pages: 

    51-81
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    826
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

In Plotinus's idea, universe is composed of three HYPOSTASIS including The One, nous and soul. The most important of these three is the HYPOSTASIS of The One. The most basic issue of Plotinus philosophy is to recognize the One, and His attributes and features. The Plotinus's view on this case has two faces and is between negation and affirmation. Sometimes, he takes away any attribute and name from The One, so that it makes impossible to attribute any kind of feature, and sometimes he attributes various features and descriptions to Him. This paradoxical viewpoint has made him being known as a follower of apophasis. However, by reviewing the foundations and reasoning of each of the negative and affirmative features, it becomes clear that the negation of features in Plotinus' view, refers to the negation of limits and failures from The One and he believes in the affirmative features of The One based on two foundations: real simplicity and objectivity of features with the essence. Furthermore, he considers The One as the holder of all exalted features. Thus, paradox in his view is removed with regard to the aforementioned issues and other features such as a gathering between assimilation and purification, multiplicity of the human aspects and divisional absoluteness.

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Journal: 

Metaphysics

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2015
  • Volume: 

    51
  • Issue: 

    19
  • Pages: 

    65-82
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    740
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Plotinus considers Demiurge as intellect and the Platonic ideas as its thoughts. At the same time, he does not regard the existence of these thoughts as dependent on the intellect's reflection, but each of them as an independent particular intellect, whose self-thinking requires all ideas to be thought, as if it is identical with the whole HYPOSTASIS of intellect. This theory, which is called "Internality Thesis", is one of the outstanding features of Plotinus' philosophy and one of the most problematic issues in Neo-platonic philosophies. This theory has been reflected in Theologia to some extent and is one of Mulla-Sadra's resources to believe in the unity and multiplicity of intellect as the first emanated being. This paper, after discussing the Plotinus theory and its context, is going to study Mulla-Sadra's view on the unity and multiplicity of intellect, and his being affected by Theologia as well as by the verses and traditions.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2021
  • Volume: 

    4
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    124-131
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    30
  • Downloads: 

    13
Abstract: 

We presented a case report of Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA) with hepatic involvement which presented itself as multiple nodules in the liver. This confirmed Hprevious literature results, which have reported hepatic involvement in EGPA. The results of the study showed a 45-year-old female with asthma, presented with polyarthralgia, HYPOSTASIS in both hands and skin lesions on the body. Lab tests revealed elevated Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP). The total Leukocyte count was 11900 (/ul) with 22% Eosinophil. Computed Tomography (CT) scan of both lungs and liver showed multiple irregular nodules. In the biopsy of the skin lesions, Eosinophilic Vasculitis was reported. Electromyography and Nerve Conduction Velocity (EMG-NCV) was compatible to C8-T11 radiculopathy and Axonal Sensory Motor Polyneuropathy. According to the tests and biopsies the patient was diagnosed with EGPA. Although EGPA is characterized by asthma, hypereosinophilia and vasculitis, it can be presented with atypical manifestations as well.

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Author(s): 

Farsi Jokar Hasan

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2014
  • Volume: 

    22
  • Issue: 

    3 (87)
  • Pages: 

    171-206
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    2148
  • Downloads: 

    499
Abstract: 

This research addresses the relationship between media and policy in general, and between media and foreign policy in particular. The main argument is centered on the relationship between America’s foreign policy after September 11 attacks, examining the way global news media approached these attacks and the events following them. The main question is “how did the global media provide the mental background for America’s intervention in the Middle East?” To answer this question, the HYPOSTASIS of this research is that “the performances of the global news media paved the way for the global public opinion on America’s direct intervention in the Middle East”. To test this hypothesis, three international media including CNN, BBC Persian, and New York Times were selected as case studies; then the news published by these media were analyzed in four time junctures using quantitative content analysis. On this basis, to conclude the research one can state that there is a meaningful relationship between the performances of global news media and America’s foreign policy after the 11 September Event in the Middle East.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2010
  • Volume: 

    1
  • Issue: 

    3
  • Pages: 

    175-192
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    249
  • Downloads: 

    0
Keywords: 
Abstract: 

Because of the multi-dimensional nature of technology and new phenomenon of communication technologies that based on technique, knowledge, action, tools and process which can affect news industrial the purpose of this paper is to investigate the relation ship between five dimensions of technology and competitive advantage of IRNA. The research is based on a survey of 40 indicators through the Questionnaires and use of Friedman test, one-sample sign test, couple comparison test and structural equation approach to validate the conceptual mode land testing HYPOSTASIS. The results demonstrate that the status of constituents of technology’s dimensions is not satisfactory. Results show that competitive advantage in the current situation relies on the technology as a system which depends on technique and equipment (Tools). Whereas, the research results indicate that the desirable competitive advantage should depend on technology as knowledge and technology as process. The research shows IRNA need to reforming in It strategy and developing function of five demotion of There technology. In the end paper recommended some suggestions for IRNA to satisfaction multi-dimensional nature of technology.

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Author(s): 

CHAND MEENA M.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2014
  • Volume: 

    4
  • Issue: 

    4
  • Pages: 

    158-161
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    322
  • Downloads: 

    272
Abstract: 

Background: Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless gas produced as a by-product of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. CO binds rapidly to Haemoglobin (Hb), leading to the formation of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), so the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood will be decreased and causing tissue hypoxia.Case Report: A 35-years-old male mechanic was found unconscious at automobile garage and he was dead after hospitalization on same day after one hour. On external examination, Rigor mortis had occurred all over the body. Cherry red postmortem lividity was present over back. HYPOSTASIS, sub-scalpel tissue, muscles of chest and abdominal wall were cherry red in color suggestive of carbon monoxide toxicity. The chemical analysis report of blood and viscera confirmed toxicity due to carbon monoxide poisoning.Conclusion: Accidental carbon monoxide poisoning in vehicles can occur due to leaking exhausts and inadequate ventilation, but some cases in fatal concentration of CO was found even with garage door had opened or in the absence of defective exhaust systems. Each of the CO poisoning hazard scenarios reflects either product malfunction resulting in high CO emissions and/or some failure to adequately remove CO from the living or recreational environment. Use of catalytic converters in vehicles has reduced carbon monoxide emission considerably. The sudden death of a mechanic due to excessive inhalation of the carbon monoxide gas due to defective exhaust systems and poorly ventilated in automobile garage.

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