Purpose: . To evaluate the results of Laser in Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) for Hyperopia. Methods: 23 eyes of, 14 patients underwent hyperopic LASIK using , the hansatome corneal shaper and Keracor 217-c Chiron (Bausch -& Lamb) excimer laser. patients were divided into two groups based on Preoperative spherical equivalent; group I, spherical equivalent ≤5D and group II >5D, The ,following factors were measured post-operatively:. Uncorrected Visual Acuity (UCVA), Best spectacle Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA); refraction (dry, cycloplegic); lines of ,visual acuity ,gained and lost. Results:, six months after LASIK, Group I had a mean ±SD spherical Equivalent of +0.22±91D (range -1.19 to +1.63) and, group 2, 2.08:±2.52 (range -0.06 to +8.43). After six months 66.6% in group I and 45.4% in group II were ,within ±ID emmetropia. UCVA was 20/40 or better in 100% in group I and 71.4% in group II. UCVA remained unchanged or increased in 66.6% in group I and 28.4% in group II. Thirty three and three tenth percent in group I and 21.4% in group two lost 1 or 2 lines of BCVA. Conclusions: LASIK was predictable and safe for low and moderate Hyperopia (MSE≤5D); but for high Hyperopia (>5D) is not a good

Purpose: To evaluate the visual and refractive results of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for mild to severe Hyperopia with or without astigmatism.Setting: Private Aban Clinic, ISFAHAN; IRAN.Material & Methods: This quasi-experimental study comprised 51 eyes of 26 patients. All patients were operated by one surgen (M.G) using technolas 217 excimer laser.Hansatome microkeratome was used to create a corneal Flap with diameter of 9.50 mm and thickness of 160-180 mm.Results: 51 eyes of 26 patients (61.5% Male and 38.5% Female) ranging in age from 19 to 54 years were operared. Of these; 13 eyes had simple Hyperopia and other 38 eyes had hyperopic astigmatism.Mean preoperative refractive error was +4.40±1.70 D. which reduced to +0.99 :1:0.640 postoperativly (P<0.001).Pre-operative mean astigmatism was 1.07+1.14 D. which regressed to 0.58 diopter following operation.Pre-op. BSCVA of 20/20 was found in 25. 47% of eyes whilst it was found in 27.45% of eyes postoperatively.Pre-op UCVA 20/20 and 20/40 or greater were seen in 00.00% & 05.88% eyes respectively whilst were seen in 15.68 and 82.35% eyes post-op.Symptoms of blured vsion in 73.10% ; glare in 69.20%, forgin body sensation in 34.60% and eye strain in 19.30% were detected postoperatively.Pseudo-fleischer ring and SPK were visible in ophathalmologic examination of 56.80% and 09.80% of patients in postoperative examination respectively.Conclusion: LASIK was an effective procedure for correction of mild to moderate degrees of simple and astigmatic Hyperopia in our experience although some minor complications has been occured.

Purpose: To present conductive keratoplasty (CK) as a new procedure to correct residual Hyperopia and astigmatism after phacoemulsification surgery and to evaluate its predictability, safety and stability.Methods: Fifteen eyes of 13 patients with preoperative Hyperopia+0.75 to+3.00 D and or astigmatism -0.75 to -3.00 D were enrolled into the study and underwent CK treatment. At the 1st and 3rd month follow-ups, near and far uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refraction, and in 6th month contrast sensitivity was also considered.Results: In six months follow-up uncorrected visual acuity far (UCVAF) 20/40 or better increased from 10 eyes preoperatively to 12 eyes postoperatively. Uncorrected visual acuity near (UCVAN) 20/40 or better increased significantly from no case to 8 eyes postoperatively. Mean manifest sphere (MS) preoperatively was 1.5 D (±0.75) which decreased to 0.05 D (±0.7) postoperatively. Mean manifest cylinder (MC) preoperatively was -1D (±0.8) which was decreased slightly to -0.8 D (±0.5). Manifest refractive spherical equivalent (MRSE) preoperatively was 1 D (±1) which decreased to -0.3 D (±0.83) postoperatively. There was one eye with loss of more than 2 lines of best corrected visual acuity far (BCVAF) and we had no case of 2 lines loss of best corrected visual acuity near (BCVAN) during six months follow-up. No significant change occurred during 3rd to 6th months follow-up.Conclusion: CK appears to be safe, effective and stable for correcting low to moderate hyperopic after cataract surgery, but more predictable nomogram is needed to correct postoperative astigmatism.

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in the management of postoperative Hyperopia and astigmatism in patients with history of radial keratotomy (RK).Materials and Methods: This prospective nonrandomized noncomparative interventional case series enrolled consecutive eyes treated with PRK after RK. In cases, in which (1) wavefront (WF) scan was undetectable during primary examinations; and/or, (2) WF data were not transferable to the excimer laser device, patients were treated with the tissue‑saving (TS) mode. Patients with detectable/transferable WF were assigned to WF‑guided advanced personalized treatment (APT).Results: Thirty‑two and 47 eyes were managed by APT and TS modes, respectively. Pooled analysis of both APT and TS groups showed improvement in uncorrected distant visual acuity and corrected distant visual acuity. The amount of sphere, cylinder, corneal cylinder, spherical equivalent, defocus equivalent, and total aberration showed improvement as well.Conclusion: PRK seems to bring favorable outcome and safety profile in the management of post‑RK Hyperopia and astigmatism. It is crucial for practitioners to warn their patients about the fact that they may still have progressive refractive instability regardless of their choice on the laser method of vision correction.

Introduction: Stereopsis is ability for spitual perception that is an important factor influencing person's functions especially in some jobs such as medicine, aviating. In this research, the correlation between refractive errors (myopia& Hyperopia) with stereopsis was studied. Materials and Methods: This research is a descriptive-analytic-cross sectional study that has performed on 96 cases in Feiz eye hospital in Isfahan city at second half of year 1383. The degree of refractory errors was determined by autorefractometer. Then with Polaroid Spectacles and target sheet of Titmus test stereoacuity was defined. Age, sex and educational levels were recorded. Data was analyzed by SPSS H. Results: A significant correlation between refractional error rate with stereoacuity was seen. In myopia group, mean of stereoacuity was better. Difference of stereoacuity in these groups was 46 sec of arc (CI=95, r=0.753, p<0.001).Age and sex had not significant effect on stereoacuity.Myopic patients with high educational level had better stereoacuity. Conclusion: The results show refractive error is a determining parameter on stereoacuity and myopia group has better stereoacuity than Hyperopia group.

Introduction: Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK) is one of the widely used refractive procedures which was first introduced in the late 1980's to correct myopia. Although some alternatives such as laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) have been introduced and become popular in the late 1990’s, PRK remains an excellent option for the correction of myopia and Hyperopia with its modifications such as laser subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) and epithelial LASIK, to refrain from possible complications of LASIK. (1) The aim of this study was to evaluate PRK efficiency in terms of the safety and predictability in the treatment of myopia and Hyperopia using TECHNOLAS 217Z100.Materials And Methods: In this clinical trial study, 188 myopic and hyperopic patients who referred to Mashhad Laser Therapy Center in 1386 for PRK surgery were retrospectively studied in duration of one year. Those patients who were qualified according to the inclusion criteria entered the study. Then, the necessary data about the patients like refraction, visual acuity and other information were recorded into a questionnaire. During the study, those cases who could not meet the requirements of the surgery were excluded from the study. The subjects of the study underwent the follow-up procedure for one day, one month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after the surgery. Finally, all the data were recorded and analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistical methods and ANOVA Repeated Measurement were used at the significant level of P<0.05.Results: In the myopic group, 39 males (26%) and 111 females (74%), with the mean age of 28.35 6.9 years (20-50) were followed in this study. The difference of vision was significant before and after the operation.(P<0.05) The follow-up results after 6 months showed vision stability.98.8% of the patients had vision of.20/25 PRK efficacy on myopia showed that the preoperative mean myopia improved after 6 months. In the hyperopic group, 38 patients with the mean age of 40.1 ± 11 years were followed. The mean Hyperopia was measured as2.96+0.98 and the mean astigmatism was -1+0.71.After one year, the mean Hyperopia was reduced to 0.42+0.72 and the mean astigmatism to -0.7+0.34.The uncorrected visual acuity was 0.27+0.2 which was changed to 0.9+0.1 after one year. The difference was significant before and after the operation (P=0.001).Conclusion: According to the results, PRK surgery using TECHNOLAS 217Z100 is a safe and stable procedure for correcting myopia and Hyperopia.

Purpose: To explore the relationship between lens power and refractive error in older adults following age-related hyperopic shifts.Methods: From the Shahroud Eye Cohort Study, subjects aged 55‑64 years without clinically significant cataracts (with nuclear opacity of grade 0 to 1) were included to maximize the proportion of subjects with age‑related hyperopic shifts that normally occur between 40 to 60 years of age, before interference from the myopic shift due to nuclear cataracts. Mean axial length (AL) values, corneal power, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and lens power were analyzed and compared among three refractive groups (myopes, emmetropes, and hyperopes).Results: A total of 1, 006 subjects including 496 (49.63%) male subjects were studied. Corneal power was similar in all refractive groups. Hyperopes had+1.69 diopters higher mean spherical equivalent refractive error and - 0.50 mm shorter AL than emmetropes. Myopes had 0.67 mm longer AL than emmetropes.Hyperopes had significantly increased lens thickness as compared to emmetropes (4.42 vs.4.39 mm respectively). In this adult sample, the hyperopic group had lower lens power (+22.29 diopters vs.+22.54 diopters in emmetropes, P=0.132). Myopes had similar lens power as emmetropes.Conclusion: Axial length is the principal determinant of refractive errors. Lens power may have importance in determining Hyperopia in adults free of cataract.

Background: This study was planned to compare Trans-epithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy (TPRK) and Alcohol Assisted Photorefractive Keratectomy (AAPRK) laser vision correction in Hyperopia and compound hyperopic astigmatism. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on patients with Hyperopia and hyperopic-astigmatism, whose eye laterality was randomly assigned to undergo TPRK versus AAPRK using SCHWIND AMARIS 1050RS (SCHWIND eye-tech-solutions, Germany). Follow up time was 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. Results: 112 eyes of 56 patients with mean age of 32. 6 years included, of which 51. 8% were female and 48. 2% were male. Both TPRK and AAPRK methods were able to correct Hyperopia and astigmatism safely and efficiently (p<0. 05 in all cases). Postoperative vision characteristics were similar in both methods (p=0. 23 for sphere, p=0. 52 for cylinder, p=0. 064 for axis, and p=0. 35 for BCVA) postoperatively. Corneal haze was observed in 44% of the patients with a direct strong correlation with Hyperopia severity (r=0. 607). Post-operative pain was observed in 60% of the patients with a direct weak correlation with Hyperopia severity (r=0. 27). Mild photophobia was seen in 42% of the patients with a direct weak correlation between photophobia and Hyperopia severity (r=0. 36). Epithelial healing time lasted an average of 3. 48 days and there was a direct and moderate correlation with Hyperopia severity (r=0. 4). Safety index in TPRK and AAPRK was 0. 54 and 0. 45, respectively, with no significant difference (p=0. 42),Efficacy index was 0. 96 and 0. 9 in TPRK and AAPRK, respectively and there was no significant difference between two groups (p=0. 23). No complication was observed in all of the patients. Conclusion: TPRK and AAPRK laser vision correction are both safe and efficient in Hyperopia and compound hyperopic astigmatism. There is no significant difference regarding epithelial healing time, post-operative pain and haze formation between two procedures.

Purpose: To evaluate whether laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is a safe and effective treatment for myopia, Hyperopia and astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty (PK).Setting: Medical University of Mashad; Toos LASIK clinic.Patients and Methods: Twelve eyes of 9 patients who had LASIK after PKP were reviewed (interventional case series). The interval between LASIK and PKP was at least 1 year, and mean follow-up after LASIK was 8 months. The Nidek EC 5000® excimer laser was used.Results: Nine patients (12 eyes) underwent LASIK following PK between 2000 and March 2002. Mean age of patients at the time of LASIK was 30.1 years (range, 22-37). Keratoconus was the indication for PK in the majority of the eyes (91.6%). Anisometropia was the indication for LASIK following PK. No intraoperative complications occurred. Six months after LASIK, mean best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) was 9/10 (in decimal scale) with no statistic difference from preoperative BSCVA (9/10) Mean spherical equivalent was reduced from -6.68 D to -0.38 D (95%) one day and to -1.34 D (80%) one year after LASIK. Mean refractive astigmatism was reduced from 6.5 D (mean attempted correction was 5.2 D) to 2.9 D one day 75% reduction (relative to attempted correction) and to 3.42 D one year 67% reduction (relative to attempted correction) after LASIK. Uncorrected visual acuity was 5/10 or better in all eyes after LASIK.Conclusion: LASIK is safe and effective in the treatment of myopia, Hyperopia and astigmatism following PK.