Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the problems of Iranian IMMIGRANT athletes.Methodology: The research method was quantitative-descriptive research. The statistical population of the research includes Iranian IMMIGRANT athletes, and a targeted method was used in the sampling of the research, which includes 63 people. The research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire that includes four dimensions: economic and financial, cultural and social, emotional and psychological, legal and legal, 32 items, whose validity was confirmed by six sports management professors. In the reliability investigation, the results of Cronbach's alpha showed α=0.89. The research questionnaire was sent to the target IMMIGRANTs and after collecting, 63 questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS24 and PLS3 software.Results: The results showed that in the economic and financial component, the dependence factor of athletes' financial receipt on the result; In the cultural and social component, the Corona prevalence factor and stopping international travel and being deprived of social and cross-cultural interactions with IMMIGRANTs and athletes from other cities and countries; In the emotional and psychological component, the factor of lack of social support from family, friends, etc. and in the legal component and Legally, the factor of sports punishment due to lack of familiarity with the rules and regulations of the league is considered as the highest priority of Iranian IMMIGRANT athletes.Conclusion: The research results showed that by identifying the problems of Iranian IMMIGRANT athletes, the necessary awareness should be given to the potential IMMIGRANTs and also the IMMIGRANTs should be familiar with the integration process and its problems for better adaptation.

Background: Unawareness and inappropriate attitude toward hepatitis B can expose healthy people, especially IMMIGRANTs, to a higher risk of hepatitis B transmission. The present study aimed to determine the effect of hepatitis B prevention education by face-to-face and distance training on the knowledge and attitude of Afghan IMMIGRANT students. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 128 voluntary IMMIGRANT nonmedical Afghan students of Imam Khomeini University in Qazvin City, Iran. The study subjects were randomly assigned to 4 groups (A1, A2, B1, & B2), and the training was performed using Solomon’ s four-group-design. The A groups received face-to-face education, while the B groups received distance education through email and Telegram messenger. The required data were collected using a self-structured questionnaire at three-time intervals of before, immediately after, and one month after training. The collected data were analyzed by the Chi-squared test, Independent Samples t-test, Paired Samples t-test, and repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using SPSS. Results: Based on the study findings, the improvement of knowledge and attitude values was more significant in the face-to-face groups, compared to the distance education groups. However, there was a significant difference in both methods (P<0. 001). Conclusion: Although knowledge improvement was higher in the face-to-face education groups, there was also an increase in the knowledge and attitude of the distance education group. Therefore, face-to-face education is preferred; however, using a combination of these educational methods could be beneficial.

The right to life is recognized as a fundamental child's right in international law and domestic laws that in order to exercise this right in the direction of the growth and development of the child's personality, other requirements are necessary to promote the physical, spiritual and social integrity, Like the right to have a name, identity and nationality are important. This research deals with the challenges of the rights of migrant and refugee children who are forced to migrate alone or with their family members due to violence, civil war, poverty, unfavorable economic conditions and other factors. The current research aims to realize the human rights of all children involved in international migration (whether with parents and guardians or unaccompanied and abandoned), regardless of the immigration or residence status of the child or her/his parents Therefore, by studying the library and using first-hand and second-hand sources of law and focusing on the Convention on the Rights of the Child (and other international documents) and the obligations of the member states in protecting the rights of children in the field of international migration, in a descriptive and analytical way, the internal laws and policies of the countries in In order to ensure full compliance with the obligations stipulated in the convention, it has been examined. This research aims to explain the types of support and express the legal and political requirements and requirements of immigration by examining the Convention on the Rights of the Child and by explaining the laws and regulations of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the scope of protective and protective considerations in the direction of the flourishing growth and development of future generations, especially in check IMMIGRANT children. .

Background: Anti-IMMIGRANT sentiments are macro-level determinants and may explain why IMMIGRANTs are treated poorly in some host countries. However, very few studies test whether anti-IMMIGRANT sentiments at the macro level are associated with individual-level outcomes of IMMIGRANTs, such as their happiness. This is important because, according to marginalization-related diminished returns (MDRs) theory, IMMIGRANTs show worse-than-expected outcomes because of reduced effects of socioeconomic resources. Aim: Built on a multi-level model of happiness and MDRs theory,we conducted this study to test the association between country-level anti-IMMIGRANT sentiments and individual-level happiness of IMMIGRANTs across European countries. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we borrowed data from European Social Survey 2020 (ESS 2020). Participants were recruited from Bulgaria, Czechia, Estonia, Finland, France, Croatia, Hungary, Lithuania, Slovenia, and Slovakia. Participants included 997 IMMIGRANTs. Age, sex, education, employment (worked in the past week), and self-rated health were control variables. Level of countrylevel anti-IMMIGRANT sentiments was the independent variable. Happiness was the outcome. Linear regression was used for data analysis. Results: There were considerable country-level variations in anti-IMMIGRANT sentiment across European countries. There were also considerable variations in IMMIGRANTs' happiness across countries. Overall, higher levels of anti-IMMIGRANT sentiments in the country were associated with lower levels of IMMIGRANTs' happiness. The results remained similar without and with control variables, including age, gender, education, employment, and self-rated health. Conclusion: Higher anti-IMMIGRANT sentiments, at the macro level, are associated with a lower level of happiness among IMMIGRANTs at the individual level. Research should test if reduced opportunities or worse treatment of IMMIGRANTs explains why country-level anti-IMMIGRANT sentiments contribute to reduced happiness of IMMIGRANTs.

Iran has recently experienced a recent influx of IMMIGRANTs, mainly from neighboring countries such as Afghanistan and Iraq. We report a case series of IMMIGRANT cancer patients who were admitted at Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex in Tehran. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-series using the medical records of IMMIGRANT patients diagnosed with cancer from March 2013 to March 2023. We performed descriptive analyses of the IMMIGRANT patients, including gender, age, country of birth, type of cancer, treatment courses, and metastasis status. Results: The total number of IMMIGRANT cancer patients was 349, with 51.86% being female and 48.14% male. Among these patients, 8 (2.30%) were children (under 14 years old), 42 (12.07%) were young adults (aged 15-24), and 297 (85.59%) were older than 25 years. Most IMMIGRANTs in the study were from Afghanistan (95.13%), followed by Iraq (4.58%). Additionally, 8.88% of the IMMIGRANTs were second-generation, born in Iran. The most common cancer types were breast (32.04%), hematological (12.15%), ovarian (11.05%), and colorectal (7.18%) cancers in women and hematological (17.86%), colorectal (10.71%), musculoskeletal (10.12%), and skin (10.12%) cancers in men. Conclusion: This study is the first description of cancer disparity among IMMIGRANTs in Iran. The results of this study can be used for cancer surveillance and promoting care among IMMIGRANT populations in Iran.