In this paper we show that INNER derivation Sa maps into the radical if and only if for every irreducible representation p, p (a) is scalar. In addition we obtain that every INNER derivation corresponding to o-quasi central elements in some Banach algebras maps into the radical. Finally, we extend some results for INNER derivations to generalized INNER derivations. AMS Mathematics Subject Classification: 64H40

According to Muslim philosophers and sufis, knowledge is divided into two kinds, namely, intuitive (INNER) knowledge and acquired knowledge. The acquired Knowledge is attained through external objects and includes all sense perceptions and experimental data. Intuitive (INNER) knowledge, however, involves spontaneous conception and instinctive representation, that is neither attained through the senses, nor is the reflection of the external objects.In the present article, by studying the background of intuitive (INNER) knowledge in Islamic tradition, esp. Masnavi Manavi, attempt is made to show the role of this type of knowledge in Islamic philosophy and mysticism.

Please click on pdf file to view the abstract.

In this paper, we introduce the notion of a frame in a 2-INNER product space and give some characterizations. These frames can be considered as a usual frame in a Hilbert space, so they share many useful properties with frames.

Rhabdomyosarcoma of the middle ear is a rare tumor. It may be locally invasive or spread by distant metastasis. It generally has a poor prognosis. We describe a case of rhabdomyosarcoma of the middle ear with extension to cavernous sinus, internal auditory and carotid canals.

The objective of this study is to develop a novel methodology integrating remote sensing, geographic information system technology and local spatial autocorrelation geo-computation for quick drought assessment. One group of drought indices, based on the condition of the vegetation, includes the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Anomaly of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVIA) and Standardized Vegetation Index (SVI). The other group, based on the moisture conditions, includes the Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) and Standardized Moisture Index (SMI). The local G-statistic (Gi*) provides insight into the spatial relationships of the drought indices for drought risk assessment. Specifically, locations with significant Gi* values indicate spatial clusters where there are differences between the vegetative and hydrological drought indices. The results of spatial co-occurrence analysis indicate the existence of hot spots where the drought indices are spatially stable. This spatial information can be used to identify high drought risk areas as a first step towards helping local administrators improve the allocation of local water resources in arid environments. Finally, the novel methodology, integrating remote sensing, geocomputation and geographic information techniques, is demonstrated. The results indicate its effectiveness for quick drought assessment.