This paper aims to investigate the ways in which socio-linguistic parameters such as gender contribute into the turn organization of defense sessions. Interruption plays an important role in the organization of turn taking in the interactions of defense sessions. The current paper is then primarily focused on the description and analysis of Interruptions in the interactions of dissertation defense sessions of Persian speakers using the “community of practice” approach. A number of discourse and pragmatic functions (e.g. defense, directiveness, cooperation, competition, etc.) have been identified for Interruptions in relation to the power relations of interlocutors in the interactions. Apart from qualitative analysis, some quantitative findings have been provided for further clarification. The analysis of data shows that it is mainly the social status of a speaker that influences the types and frequency of Interruption rather than his/her gender. In other words, the social variable does not play an important role in the Interruption for turn organization in the defense sessions of Persian speakers.

To assess the frequency and severity of myelosuppression due to cranio-spinal irradiation to identify patients at high risk of haematological toxicity who may require supportive therapy. Patients and Methods: Between 1998 and 2002, 45 patients received craniospinal axis radiotherapy as part of the treatment of primary CNS tumours at departement of radiotherapeutic oncology of cancer Institute. The dose to the whole brain ranged from 30 to 40 Gy in 1.5-1.85 Gy/f. The usual dose to the posterior fossa or to the site of primary disease was 50– 55 Gy in 6–8 weeks for adults and was reduced to 45–50 Gy in 6–7 weeks for children aged, 3 years. Complete blood counts (CBC) were obtained during radiation therapy. Any Interruption in treatment due hematologic toxicity (G3-4) lasting 2 days was defined as a significant treatment Interruption. Results: In 45 patients who received craniospinal irradiation (CSI) 19 patients had treatment Interruption more than 2 days. The median dose at Interruption was 21.6± 8.7 Gy and the the frequency of grade 3,4 hematologic toxicity occurred with peack incidence in fourth week of CSI(median day of Interruption was day 23,range 8-38) .The median WBC count was 1900(range 100-2140).The mean of Interruption period was 7±8 days (one patient died from neutropenic fever then he didn’t finish his treatment. In 19 patients who had treatment Interruption ,13 of them were under 12 years while 5 patients were greater than 12 years .With Mann-Whitney U test the median age of patients with treatment Interruption was lower; 10.2 years and 16.2 years respectively(P=.059). ).In 24 patients with dose/fraction =<1.6 Gy 12 patients (50%) had treatment Interruption but in 21 patients with dose/fraction >1.6 Gy 7 (33%) had treatment Interruption(P=.2) but Interruption period was longer in patients with dose/ fraction >1.6 Gy .From 12 patients who had dose/fraction <=1.6Gy ,7 patients had Interruption period less than 5 days while in group with dose/fraction >1.6 Gy all patients had treatment Interruption period more than 5 days(P=.016,CI 95% for Interruption period difference =1.2-4.7). Conclusion: .In summary, in our study 42% of patients undergoing CSI had treatment Interruption. The risk was higher in children and in patients who received higher spinal dose fraction the treatment Interruption was longer, but the overall treatment-related morbidity was low. In a population at risk of hematological toxicity where further studies of HGFs should be targeted.

This study attempts to evaluate one of the language use differences among women and men according to the Dominance Theory. The main purpose of the study is thus to investigate speech Interruption as the participatory dominance factor based on the Dominance Theory in the Persian community and three affecting factors on Interruption (direct statements, subject deviation and verbs and adverbs of uncertainty). Speech Interruption and three affecting factors on Interruption have been evaluated in the single and cross-sex societies. The data required were obtained from 40 two-stage interviews (10 men and 10 women students in the age range of 18-24 years). The men and women of this study in single and cross-sex societies, based on speech Interruption factor, showed different linguistic behaviors and the linguistic representation of gender-based attitude in the Persian community was tangible. The relationship of each affecting factor on Interruption with Interruption was determined. The findings suggest that the framework provided by Dominance Theory in Persian community is inefficient.