Economic uncertainty is an unpredictable changes in economic variables that can have a large impact on other variables and economic entities such as banks and credit institutions, especially in developing countries such as Iran. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of economic uncertainty on credit risk, performance and LENDING decisions of banks. For this purpose, firstly, the effective variables on bank LENDING decisions were separated into three indicators (credit risk, performance, and LENDING rates). Also, economic uncertainty was measured using the standard deviation of six variables (exchange rate, annual interest rate, GDP, national income growth rate, ratio of oil sales to national income, tax rate to national income), then research data in the period of five For the year 1390-1394, for 13 banks accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange, they were assembled by performing different tests, distinguishing between specific bank and macroeconomic variables, from the variability of the research variables. Finally, estimating the econometric model with panel data technology showed that in the first model, the economic uncertainty variable had a positive and significant effect on the credit risk of banks. Also, in the second model, economic uncertainty has a positive effect on the performance of banks, and finally, in the third model, there was no significant relationship between economic uncertainty and the level of bank LENDING.

This study in first stage, describes the transaction costs imposed on credit institutions and the factors affecting them from the traditional model of transaction cost economics and also introduced the "relationship LENDING" as a variable that points to reduce the information asymmetry between the borrower and the credit institute. The impact of this variable using Ordered Multinomial Probit Model on the Williamson model will be examined. Credit institutes under this study have been collected as a random sample from banks in Tehran. These banks had been authorized by central bank of Iran till March 2012. The results shows that with the introduction of the independent variable "LENDING relationships" the final effect of the independent variables "investment in specific assets", "special collaterals", "degree of uncertainty for the credit institute" and "difficulty in measuring employee performance" on variable of transaction costs of LENDING will be reduced.

Iran's economy has been suffering from the dominance of fiscal policies and financial repression for many years, so that this issue has become one of the structural challenges of the country's economy. Banks, as one of the most important parts of macroeconomics, play an important role in the mechanism of transferring monetary policy to the real sector of the economy. Monetary policy transmission operates through various channels: the LENDING channel, the balance sheet channel, and the capital channel. Examining how the role of banks in monetary policy transmission is affected by government fiscal repression policies provides useful information for monetary and financial policymakers and banking activists. In this study, we tried to investigate the effect of financial repression on the monetary policy transmission through the LENDING channel of the country's banks. First, an indicator for the financial repression variable was defined using the PCA method, and then the relationship was estimated using the SVAR method and instantaneous response functions and using seasonal data for the period 1999-2017. The results show that financial repression policies have a significant effect on bank LENDING and reduce banks' LENDING power. This issue, along with the negative real interest rate of bank facilities, causes a decrease in the profitability index and loss of banks.