Objective(s): Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among females with different molecular subtypes. Corosolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid with anti-cancer properties. Materials and Methods: The MTT assay was used to assess the cytotoxic activity of corosolic acid on MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cell lines. To determine the apoptotic cells, the flow cytometry technique was utilized. The expression levels of apoptosis-related genes and proteins were quantified using quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting methods. The activity of caspase enzymes was measured by spectrophotometry. Results: Corosolic acid significantly inhibited the proliferation of both cell lines compared with controls. This agent markedly induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells but did not affect MCF7 cells compared with controls. Treating the MADA-MB-231 and MCF7 cell lines with corosolic acid showed an inducing effect on apoptosis-associated caspases, including Caspase-8, 9, and-3, in MADA-MB-231 cells with no effect on apoptotic markers in MCF7 cells. Further experiments uncovered corosolic acid-induced apoptosis in MADA-MB-231 cells by decreasing the expression of the phosphorylated form of JAK2 and STAT3 proteins. Conclusion: The present data suggested that corosolic acid is an apoptosis-inducing phytochemical in triple-negative breast cancer MADA-MB-231 cells. Also, corosolic acid triggered apoptosis in these cells by stimulating both pathways of apoptosis and inhibiting the JAK/STAT signaling. Furthermore, corosolic acid was found to inhibit MCF7 cell proliferation by a non-apoptotic mechanism.

The conquest poems are very significant in the earliest period of Islam. In order to study them, one may need to have many long articles, essays, and books concerning these poems. Most of these poems have been written during the "Qadisiyah", "Yannuk," Nahavand", etc. Battles. They have various characteristics and one of these features is to make such hard fought battles bearable in order to establish God"s Unity and His Straight Path. These poems also put forward the religious passion and right prejudice of the Muslims in these battles, the impact and influence of the holy Islamic teachings, and so forth. On the other hand, one may notice grievous elegies, in these poems, which are quite different from the other Arabic literary elegies during the previous periods from the viewpoint of pure religious faith, belief to God, to God"s Book, and to the Holy Prophet. Their style is more folkloristic along with much boasting. They lack the fluency of the previous poems which had been written during peaceful periods.

Hadith al-Iftiraq is a famous hadith attributed to Prophet Muhammad (s) in many Shi‘i and Sunni hadith collections, as well as in heresiographical sources. Among many books written by contemporary heresiographers, few have failed to mention this hadith in their writings. Many Shi‘i and Sunni traditionists have collected the traditions that deal with the future of the Muslim ummah under such titles as the hadith of fitan (tribulations), iftiraq al-ummah (division of ummah), or ittiba‘ sunan man MADA (lit., following the ways of those who have passed). However, it seems that none of the above traditions have been more welcomed by heresiographers and apologists than the hadith iftiraq al-ummah. This article will analyze this hadith and its different versions and various interpretations, especially the identity of the only sect that, according to the hadith, will be saved in the Hereafter.

Crowing-type chicken is one of the important chicken breeds in Indonesia. This study was conducted to investigate the crowing characters of Pelung chicken and the effect of exon 7 FoxP2 gene polymorphism in mute chicken. Chicken were obtained from local breeder. Pelung chicken crowing and morphology charac-terizations were conducted in Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia. Chicken breeding (♀ broiler×♂ Pelung and ♀ Pelung×♂ F1), DNA extraction and FoxP2 gene amplification were conducted at the Faculty of Biology, Gadjah MADA University. Results showed that the crowing duration was approximately 8. 435 ± 1. 647 s, consisting of 1. 104 ± 0. 210 s first syllable, 5. 532 ± 1. 274 s second syllable, and 1. 858 ± 0. 969 s third sylla-ble. Cross-breeding between Pelung and broiler chicken resulted in chicken progeny all of which were of non-crowing-type. Our breeding results indicated that long crowing traits followed recessive autosomal inheritance. Sanger sequencing revealed an identical exon 7 sequence in mute and normal crowing-type chicken. Therefore, crowing is an important character for determining chicken breed purity, and our bio-acoustic analysis was applicable in chicken show.

Background: Wound detection is important in forensic science. The development of technology for automatic wound detection in the medical field has not been fully realized. This study aimed to compare the level of knowledge between medical students who utilized an application versus those who studied from textbooks. Methods: An image processing-based application was developed using a Python program with the YOLO software, version 4 algorithm. The research utilized a cross-sectional study design. The participants were medical students undergoing clinical clerkships at the Forensic and Medicolegal Departments of the Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing at Gadjah MADA University. Each group (textbook and application group) comprised at least 35 individuals. Both groups had identical study periods and answered the same questions. Participants then filled out a questionnaire about the application. Results: The mean scores of the post-test showed significant improvement in both groups compared to their pre-test scores (P=0. 00). There was no significant difference in the post-test scores between the groups using the questionnaire and the application (P=0. 207). Conclusion: The application for wound type determination could serve as a preferable alternative to traditional textbooks for learning. It demonstrated an increase in learning outcomes that was significantly comparable to that achieved through textbook study.

Introduction: Depression is one form of common mental disorder that significantly impacts adolescents. The emotional well-being of parents and family can directly influence adolescents’ mental states. This study aimed to assess the association between parental depression and adolescents aged 15–19 years. Methods: This study utilized data from the third, fourth, and fifth cycles of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) conducted jointly by Research and Development Corporation and Universitas Gadjah MADA. Adolescent depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression-10, in which IFLS-5 (2014) data were analyzed. At the same time, parental depression was measured using data from IFLS-4 (2007) and IFLS-5 (2014). The study sample consisted of adolescents living with their parents, and 1104 adolescents were involved in the analysis. A multivariate logistic regression model of potentially contributing factors was employed to analyze the role of parental depression in adolescent depression. Results: A substantial portion of adolescents (21. 2%) reported experiencing depression, with a higher prevalence observed among girls (25. 3%). Adolescents were more likely to experience depression if their parents also reported depressive symptoms. According to 2014 data, as many as 25. 4% of adolescents with mothers experiencing depression also reported feeling depressed. Meanwhile, 28. 1% of adolescents experienced depression at the same time that their fathers felt depressed. Parental depression affected adolescent depression and had a significant and greater effect on female adolescents. Conclusion: This study revealed a strong association between parental depression and adolescent depression in Indonesia. The results underscore the importance of family-based interventions to reduce the adverse effects of depression on adolescents.