This communication in uences on magnetohydrodynamic ow of viscoelastic uid with MAGNETIC  eld induced by oscillating plate. General solutions have been found out for velocity and shear stress pro les using mathematical transformations (integral transforms). The governing partial di erential equations have been solved analytically under boundary conditions u(0; t) = A0H(t)sin( t) and u(0; t) = A0H(t)cos( t) with t  0. For the sake of simplicity of boundary conditions are veri ed on the analytical general solutions and similar solutions have been particularized under three limited cases namely (i) Maxwell uid without MAGNETIC  eld if 6= 0; M = 0 (ii) Newtonian uid with MAGNETIC  eld if = 0; M 6= 0 and (iii) Newtonian uid with out MAGNETIC  eld if = 0; M = 0. Finally various physical parameters with variations of uid behaviors are analyzed and depicted graphical illustrations.

In this work, a numerical simulation of the effect of hyperthermia on skin cancer treatment is carried out using the Fe Pt MAGNETIC nanoparticles with variable MAGNETIC field conditions.. The numerical solution is presented for the analysis of the bio-heat transfer and MAGNETIC induction equations in a cylindrical skin tumor situated in a healthy tissue considering the evaporation and convection heat transfers. In order to show the validity of the work, the results obtained are compared with those of the studies already existing in the literature. The bio-heat equation is used to predict the temperature rise in terms of characteristics of the MAGNETIC nanoparticles, applied MAGNETIC field, and tissue. The results obtained reveal that the nanoparticle diameter has a major effect on the temperature rise. These results also show that the temperature field in the axial direction (from surface to depth) of tissue and the effect of hyperthermia decrease with increase in the convection heat transfer coefficient. In other words, hyperthermia is more effective in the presence of environmental natural convection. Moreover, the position of maximum temperature inside the tumor varies by changing the heat transfer coefficient. Also the amount of evaporation has a negligible effect on the hyperthermia treatment.

Background: Nowadays, MAGNETIC nanoparticles (MNPs) have received much attention because of their enormous potentials in many fields such as MAGNETIC FLUID hyperthermia (MFH). The goal of hyperthermia is to increase the temperature of malignant cells to destroy them without any lethal effect on normal tissues. To investigate the effectiveness of cancer therapy by MAGNETIC FLUID hyperthermia, Fe0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles (FNPs) were used to undergo external MAGNETIC field (f=515 kHz, H=100 G) in mice bearing implanted tumor.Methods: FNPs were synthesized via precipitation and characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer, and Fourier transform infrared. For in vivo study, the mice bearing implanted tumor were divided into four groups (two mice per group), namely, control group, AMF group, MNPs group, and MNPs& AMF group. After 24 hours, the mice were sacrificed and each tumor specimen was prepared for histological analyses. The necrotic surface area was estimated by using graticule (Olympus, Japan) on tumor slides.Results: The mean diameter of FNPs was estimated around 9 nm by TEM image and M versus H curve indicates that this particle is among superparaMAGNETIC materials. According to histological analyses, no significant difference in necrosis extent was observed among the four groups.Conclusion: FNPs are biocompatible and have a good size for biomedical applications. However, for MFH approach, larger diameters especially in the range of ferroMAGNETIC particles due to hysteresis loss can induce efficient heat in the target region.

Background and Aims: Disc displacement is the most common temporomandibular joint disorder and MAGNETIC resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard in its diagnosis. This disorder can lead to changes in signal intensity of MAGNETIC resonance (MR). The purpose of this study was evaluation of correlation between relative signal intensity of MR images of retrodiscal tissue, superior and inferior head of lateral ptrygoid muscle with type of anterior disk displacement and condylar head flattening in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD).Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, 31 MR images of patients who had anterior disc displacement were evaluated. After relative signal intensity measurement for retrodiscal tissue, superior and inferior head of lateral ptrygoid muscle, the correlation between relative signal intensity and type of anterior disc displacement was evaluated with repeated measure ANOVA test. In each of these 3 areas, t-test was used to compare the groups with and without condylar head flattening.Results: The correlation between relative signal intensity of MR images and type of anterior disc displacement in retrodiscal tissue, superior and inferior head of lateral ptrygoid muscle was not significant. There was also no statistically significant correlation between relative signal intensity of MR images and flattening of condylar head in retrodiscal tissue, superior and inferior head of lateral ptrygoid muscle (P>0.05).Conclusion: According to findings of this study, relative signal intensity of MR images in retrodiscal tissue, superior and inferior head of ptrygoid muscle is not a good predictor for type of anterior disc displacement and flattening of condylar head. It seems that this cannot be used as a diagnostic marker for TMD progression.

The effects of an axial MAGNETIC field on both the vortex breakdown process and FLUID layers development in a cylindrical container filled with a conducting viscous FLUID are numerically analyzed by using the Generalized Integral Transform Technique (GITT) with a stream function-only formulation. A temperature gradient is imposed in the axial direction on the swirling flow which is advanced by the rotation of the bottom disk under the stabilizing effect of the external MAGNETIC field. Flows are studied for a range of parameters: the Richardson number, Ri, 0 ≤Ri ≤2. 0, and three values of the Prandtl number are investigated, Pr = 0. 025 (liquid Mercury), 0. 032 ( PbLi 17 alloy), and 0. 065 (the molten lithium). Three combinations of aspect ratios (H/R) and Reynolds numbers are compared: (case A: Re=1500, H/R=1. 5), (case B: Re=1855, H/R=2. 0) and (case C: Re=2400, H/R=2. 5). The results reveal that the increase in the values of Hartmann number, Ha suppresses the vortex breakdown in the isothermal case and reduces the number of FLUID layers in the layering case. The stability diagram (Hacr–Ri) corresponding to the transition from the multiple FLUID layers zone to the one FLUID layer zone for increasing Prandtl number is obtained‎.

In this research, the behaviour of a single droplet of the dielectric field under the effect of the applied external uniform MAGNETIC field has been investigated. Previously, it was thought that no force is applied to the dielectric FLUIDs when exposed to the uniform MAGNETIC field. A stagnant droplet in a quiescent FLUID column was considered in order to determination of the net effect of the applied uniform MAGNETIC field. Considering that the droplet behaviour has been investigated in the horizontal plane, the net effect of the gravity on the droplet and the surrounding FLUID is also zero. Therefore, any change in the condition of the considered droplet will be due to the effect of the applied MAGNETIC field. Numerical analysis has been used to perform this research. The governing equations of the problem are the continuity, momentum, level set equations for interface simulation, re-initialization and re-construction equations of the level set equations to control the mass dissipation of this method. The governing equations have been discretized and solved by developing code in the Fortran programming environment. The behaviour of the considered droplet in various regimes has been investigated under the different magnitudes of the applied MAGNETIC field. The results of the research in various cases show that stagnant droplet deforms under the effect of the applied MAGNETIC field and starts to vibrate which also induces the motion in the surrounding quiescent FLUID.

The combined effect of Hall current, Ohmic heating and suction/injection on the hydro-MAGNETIC free convective heat transfer in a micropolar boundary layer flow past a vertical plate is analyzed. The FLUID is assumed to be viscous, incompressible and electrically conducting with a strong MAGNETIC field. Using the modified Ohm’s law and the Bossinesq approximation the governing equations of the problem are transformed into a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations by introducing a suitable similarity transformation. The resulting boundary value problem is solved numerically by Nachtsheim-Swigert shooting technique with a sixth order Runge- Kutta iteration scheme. The results are obtained to study the effects of the governing parameters, suction/injection parameter (fW), MAGNETIC parameter, Hall current parameter (m), material parameter (N1), microrotational parameter (G), the Prandtl number (Pr)and the Brinkman number (Br) on the transport behaviors of the FLUID. That is a parametric study is performed to illustrate the influence of these parameters on the velocity and temperature distribution as well as the local skin-friction and the local Nusselt number. Furthermore, the numerical solutions obtained in this study are compared with the existing results in the literature for some special values of Pr and the results are found to be in a good agreement.