Research and exploration of the remaining relics from the past has special importance in identifying the date, history and the identity of a country. Development and the advancement of human knowledge have offered new methods for the detection archaeological sites that by using them without the need for excavation and destruction of antiquities can be found useful information. Today, the non-destructive geophysical methods such as gravimetry and Magnetometry used to detect the archaeological discoveries without harmful environmental effects that only use natural properties of the subsurface material. For archeology studying, the target is detection of sub-surface structures which was made in the enceint. But here it’s posible was coverd by some overburden such as alluvium.The gravity method is based on density contrast between the anomalous body (walls and chambers) and the host deposites and environments of them. While, in magnetic survey we use contrast of magnetization in between the environment and anomalous bodies, which is caused by natural factors or human activities such as metal products, building materials and cavities are filled. In this paper; to investigate the subsurface structures of walls and rooms in a part of the Teppe-Hissar archaeological site in Damghan, the gravity and magnetic data were used. In order to this work, the gravity and magnetic data measured in a regular grid in the desired area and then after do corrections such as instrument drift correction, free air and slab Bougure, latitude and terrain corrections on gravity data and the daily correction and Reduction to pole (RTP) correction on the magnetic data, the gravity and magnetic anomalies map were obtained. When the data quality permits, a range of highpass filters, such as downward continuation or vertical derivatives, can be applied to bring out fine detail. Also, In order to separate the residual anomaliy from regional we used trend surface method. Local phase filters provide an alternative approach but conventional phase functions need to be unwrapped to remove phase ambiguity. Therefore, detection of the boundary of chambers or walls and the horizontal location of sources can be obtained from derivative based filters such as the horizontal gradient magnitude, tilt-angle, theta-map, Laplacian and tangent hyperbolic. since the tilt angle is based on a ratio of derivatives, it enhances large and small amplitude anomalies well. The results show that the tilt angle is effective in balancing the amplitudes of the different anomalies, but it is not primarily an edge-detection filter. The theta map uses the analytic signal amplitude to normalize the total horizontal derivative. The amplitude of the response of this filter from the deeper and shallow source bodies is similar, although the response from the deeper bodies is rather diffuse. The hyperbolic tilt angle (HTA) filter uses of the real part of the hyperbolic tangent function in the tilt angle calculation achieved better delineation of the edges of the anomalous body than the other filters we use here. The maximum value of the HTA gives location of the body edges. Normalized Derivatives Ratio (NDR), a new edge-detection filter, is based on ratios of the derivatives orthogonal to the horizontal of the field. The NDR is demonstrated using synthetic and real gravity and magnetic data from an archaeology site, Tepe-Hissar. Compared with other filters, the NDR filter produces more detailed results as can see that the separation and detection walls and chambers have a high compliance with the results of excavations carried out. The results of these methods with the results of excavations carried out in the last few decades are highly adaptable, as it can be, according to the results of drilling, subsurface structures such as streets, walls or houses on the data obtained by gravity and magnetic survey. The information and data from these methods in an ancient area can be used as a basic plan by archaeologists for the archaeological exploration and excavation depth of field.

Introduction: Measuring magnetic induction phase shift (MIPS) changes as a function of cerebral hemorrhage volume has the potential for being a simple method for primary and non-contact detection of the occurrence and progress of cerebral hemorrhage. Our previous MIPS study showed that the intracranial pressure (ICP) was used as a contrast index and found the primary correlation between MIPS and ICP.Materials and Methods: In this study, we theoretically deduced the approximate relationship between MIPS and ICP and carried out a comparison study between MIPS and ICP on cerebral hemorrhage in rabbits in this study. Acute cerebral hemorrhage was induced by injecting autologous blood (3 to 6mL) into the brain of rabbits in the experimental group (n=7).Results: The animal experiment results showed that the MIPS decreased significantly as a function of injection volume in the experimental group and the changes of ICP and MIPS of rabbits from experimental group presented a negative correlation. We also found that the MIPS slopes of all experimental samples had a change trend from fastness to slowness with a reverse of the change of ICP.Conclusion: These observations suggested that the non-contact MIPS method might be valuable and potential for monitoring acute cerebral hemorrhage and obtaining the ICP information.

Background: In the recent years, mercury contamination has attracted great deal of attention due to its serious environmental threat.Objectives: The main goal of this study was application of one-step synthesized magnetic (magnetite) chitosan nanoparticles (MCNs) in the removal of mercury ions from petrochemical waste water.Materials and Methods: This study was performed in batch and column modes. Effects of various parameters such as pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, temperature and agitation speed for the removal of mercury ions by MCNs investigated in batch mode. Afterwards, optimum conditions were exploited in column mode. Different kinetic models were also studied.Results: An effective Hg (II) removal (99.8%) was obtained at pH 6, with 50 mg of MCNs for an initial concentration of this ion in petrochemical waste water (5.63 mg L-1) and 10 minutes agitation of the solution. The adsorption kinetic data was well fitted to the pseudo-second-order model.Conclusions: Experimental results showed that MCNs is an excellent sorbent for removal of mercury ions from petrochemical waste water. In addition, highly complex matrix of this waste does not affect the adsorption capability of MCNs.

Flapping-wing robotic insects are small, highly maneuverable flying robots inspired by biological insects and useful for a wide range of tasks, including exploration, environmental monitoring, search and rescue, and surveillance. Recently, robotic insects driven by piezoelectric actuators have achieved the important goal of taking off with external power; however, fully autonomous operation requires an ultralight power supply capable of generating high-voltage drive signals from low-voltage energy sources. This paper describes high-voltage switching circuit topologies and control methods suitable for driving piezoelectric actuators in flapping-wing robotic insects and discusses the physical implementation of these topologies, including the fabrication of custom magnetic components by laser micromachining and other weight minimization echniques. The performance of laser micromachined MAGNETICS and custom-wound commercial MAGNETICS is compared through the experimental realization of a tapped inductor boost converter capable of stepping up a 3.7V Li-poly cell input to 200V. The potential of laser micromachined MAGNETICS is further shown by implementing a similar converter weighing 20mg (not including control functionality) and capable of up to 70mW output at 200V and up to 100mW at 100V.

Implant-supported craniofacial prostheses are made to restore defective areas in the face and cranium. This clinical report describes a technique for fabrication of an orbital prosthesis with three adjacent implants in the left lateral orbital rim of a 60-year-old woman. Selection of appropriate attachment system (individual magnetic abutments versus bar-clip attachment) for implant-supported orbital prostheses depends upon the position of implants. Bar-magnetic attachment has been selected as the retention mechanism in the present case.

One of the parameters derived from field measurements of Sub-Audio MAGNETICS (SAM) technique is called Total Field Magnetometric Resistivity (TFMMR). In general, SAM is a high resolution technique that obtains subsurface electrical and magnetic properties through measuring total magnetic field including the synthetic geomagnetic field associated with the low frequency (less than 200 Hz) galvanic current flowing in the earth. In a previous paper by one of the authors of this paper, the anomalous TFMMR responses due to simple geometrical targets have been presented in details. However, as was pointed out in that paper, the simple models are ideal models that are rarely exists in nature and hence the need to find the solution for complex structures using numerical methods is inevitable. In this paper, the theoretical basis of the TFMMR parameter and the behavior of the governing electric and magnetic fields over 2-D structures in both spatial and wave number domains are derived first. Next the selection of the proper numerical technique for TFMMR forward modeling over 2-D structures via employing 3-D sources (point source electrodes) is followed by addressing the numerical difficulties encountered in the course of obtaining valid responses including 1) the singularity associated with the source term (current electrode) in the governing partial differential equations, 2) the singularity associated with the inverse Fourier transform and 3) singularities associated with computing different magnetic field components. Finally, some methods for resolving the numerical singularities are presented and the validity and accuracy of the numerical results against the available simple analytical solutions are evaluated.

In this study, the stability of the combined PSO-GA algorithm in estimating magnetic model parameters is evaluated and compared with two other algorithms: Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). The PSO algorithm is employed to enhance the action vector, while the GA algorithm is applied to rectify the decision vectors. This amalgamation of algorithms, utilizing genetic operators, enhances exploration and exploitation capabilities. The optimization algorithm exhibits the potential to be applied in the exploration and estimation of mineral reservoirs, offering a rapid method for simulating magnetic anomalies based on ideal geological models. Moreover, in geophysical investigations, it is customary to employ modeling techniques using standard geometric shapes like spheres, cylinders, vertical prisms, dikes, and similar forms to assess magnetic anomaly attributes. Furthermore, in current research, the algorithm's performance is examined by introducing Gaussian white noise to synthetic data, demonstrating its effectiveness even when faced with noise levels as high as 25%. Additionally, authentic airborne magnetic data from the Basiran region in South Khorasan province are applied to validate the model, confirming its consistency with geological findings.

accurate detection and characterization of lymph node metastases is crucial for planning therapy and determining prognosis in patients with various un-derlying primary tumors such as the breast, prostate, head and neck, urogenital, melanoma and other cancers. CT and MR imaging are of limited value because they primarily rely on the tumor size for differentiating benign from malignant lymph nodes. Ultrasmall super paramagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) (Combidex or Ferumoxtran-10; Advanced MAGNETICS, Sinerem; Guerbet) is an MR contrast agent that has shown improved accuracy in the staging of lymph nodes in cancer patients. Animal and recent human studies have shown that USPIO particles allow MR differentiation of benign from malignant lymph nodes based on enhancement patterns.This lecture is a review about new imaging methods in oncological imaging, especially for the lymphatic system.

Magnetometer is one of the most sensors due to its lightness and low power consumption in satellites. Therefore, the magnitude of the magnetic field at the location of the magnetometer should be less than the magnetic cleanliness characteristics defined for the satellite. One of the best solutions is to properly placement included position and angular position of the equipments in such a way the magnetic field is minimized at the magnetometer location. In this paper, a cost function is defined based on the norm of the magnetic field generated by the equipments at the magnetometer location, and the cost function is minimized by adjusting the angular position of the equipments using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Position adjustment compensates the generated magnetic field and helps to passively achieve the magnetic cleanliness characteristics of a satellite. Finally, by simulating the MAGNETICS of a satellite equipments, the performance of the algorithm in achieving magnetic cleanliness is shown.