Background: Neck MASSES especially lymph node enlargement, comprise a high percent of complaints in ENT departments. Objective: To review the data files of neck MASSES especially lymph nodes and to find etiology of them. Methods: Through a descriptive study, files and pathology reports of 213 patients who were admitted for biopsy in an ENT department for chief complaints of neck mass were reviewed. Findings: It was revealed that thyrid gland, salivary gland, lymph nodes and congenital MASSES were the four common causes of neck mass, in descending sequence. Lymph nodes comprised 24% of the total in which enlargement of 50% of cases was due to primary or metastatic malignancies which were more frequent in individuals under 20 years of age and in males. The most common cause of cervical adenopathy was metastasis that was frequently seen in SCC of nasopharyngeal or oral cavity region, in the 6th decade of life. In children and young adults reactive lymph nodes and lymphoma were more common. Tuberculosis as the second cause of cervical adenopathy is still frequent. Conclusion: A clear picture of the etiology of neck MASSES was revealed in this study.  

Echocardiography plays a fundamental role in the evaluation of patients with an intracardiac mass. The ability to distinguish tissue characteristics, location, attachment, shape, size, and mobility non-invasively, quickly, and without the use of ionizing radiation makes echocardiography the ideal diagnostic modality. With careful attention to mass location and morphology, and appropriate application of clinical information, echocardiography can usually distinguish between the three principal intracardiac MASSES: tumor, thrombus, and vegetation. Equivocal transthoracic findings typically indicate the need for a transesophageal evaluation, during which the atria and great vessels might be better imaged. Surgical intervention is often indicated based on possible echocardiographic findings, without the need for additional time-consuming procedures. This review will focus on cardiac tumors.

Introduction & Objective: Regarding low incidence of retro peritoneal MASSES and related surgeries, we studied the results of surgical approaches for these MASSES (except prostate) in recent years to justify success of early surgery, in low stage retroperitoneal MASSES.Materials & Methods: We studied 17 patients with retroperitoneal MASSES who had undergone extensive surgery in Hasheminejad Kidney Center, since ten years ago.Results: Six of seventeen patients had pelvic soft tissue sarcoma, three cases had tumors with neural origin, two cases with seminal vesicol carcinoma, two cases with retroperitoneal fibrosis, one case with endometriosis, one case with grem-cell tumor, following UDT, and one case with pelvic abscess following GU- manipulation. In most of the patients, disease free survival was more than five years.12 of 17 patients have had tumor without invasion to vital pelvic organ and bladder, which 92% of them (11 patients), had five years survival. In parallel 29% of patients (5 of 17 patients) had a tumor with invasion to pelvic vital organ or peritoneum. None of them had a five year survival.We have seen three local invasions in five patients (30%) that tumor resection was performed for thereof them. The pathologic stage and negative surgical margin of tumor were the main prognostic factors for patient survival rate.Conclusions: Wide resection of tumoral mass, the whole soft tissue and lymphnodes surrounding the tumors that lead to negative surgical margin, is the principle management in the non metastatic pelvic MASSES that lead to negative surgical margin.

In different periods of Iranian contemporary history from the Constitutional Revolution till the Oil Nationlisation Movement and the Islamic Revolution, MASSES of people have been one of most effective political forces that played a constructive role in Iranian politics. Since there were no stable political parties in Iran, a gap of a systematic opposition was felt, and this gap has been filled by MASSES in different occasions. But the character of MASSES is different from both the individual participants and other political forces, and therefore, understanding actions and reactions of MASSES need in-depth historical studies. In this research paper beside theoretical discussions, features of MASSES and the mobilizing powers behind them as well as counter-MASSES movements have been studied. In sum, it could be argued that although in Iranian contemporary history a few political forces have shown a good ability in mass mobilisation, the clerics, hand in hand with merchants and guilds, have shown the most successful mobilizing power.