(A) Aromatic nitrations by tetranitromethane are revealed to be photo chemically offered and are supposed to progress via trinitromethyl nitrite [8].

Nowadays, from one hand multimedia authentication techniques are widely used to achieve trustworthiness, on the other hand, due to the rapid growth of image processing software technologies, having a secure method to protect the copyright of these data seems fairly essential. MULTIPURPOSE watermarking emerged in order to simultaneously accomplish multimedia authentication and copyright protection. In this paper, we propose a MULTIPURPOSE watermarking method which achieves perfect security, the ability to detect tampered areas of the watermarked image as well as a lower BER rate, at the cost of reducing capacity by half compared with previous works. This watermarking scheme is blind in the sense that on the receiver side, neither the original host image nor the embedded watermark is needed for ownership watermark extraction or tamper detection. Experimental results show that our method is able to reconstruct extracted tampered watermarks even after various attacks such as JPEG compression, average  ltering, gamma correction, median  ltering, speckle noise, sharpening, and Wiener  ltering. Comparisons are provided with other MULTIPURPOSE watermarking methods which primarily aim at simultaneous goals of copyright protection and authentication. We also show the superiority of our proposed method to three watermarking methods attaining these objectives on a one-goal-at-a-time basis.

System dynamics, a feedback - based object - oriented simulation approach, not only represents complex dynamic systemic systems in a realistic way but also allows the involvement of end users in model development to increase their confidence in modeling process. The increased speed of model development, the possibility of group model development, the effective communication of model results, and the trust developed in the model due to user participation are the main strengths of this approach. The ease of model modification in response to changes in the system and the ability to perform sensitivity analysis make this approach more attractive compared with systems analysis techniques for modeling water management systems. In this study, a system dynamics model was developed for the Zayandehrud basin in central Iran. This model contains river basin, dam reservoir, plains, irrigation systems, and groundwater. Current operation rule is conjunctive use of ground and surface water. Allocation factor for each irrigation system is computed based on the feedback from groundwater storage in its zone. Deficit water is extracted from groundwater. The results show that applying better rules can not only satisfy all demands such as Gaw khuni swamp environmental demand, but it can also prevent groundwater level drawdown in future.

“ Green chemistry” is an important term in modern day chemical research is the chemistry which deals with the production of desired product by minimizing the application and production of hazardous substances. Catalysis is a paramount important component of green chemistry; therefore, it has become an important challenge for the chemists throughout the world to design and use of environmentally benign catalysts. Catalysis is the process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst, which is not consumed in the catalyzed reaction and can continue to act repeatedly. Because of this, only very small amounts of catalyst are required to alter the reaction rate in principle. In general, chemical reactions occur faster in the presence of a catalyst because the catalyst provides an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy than the non-catalyzed reaction mechanism. Catalysts are classified as homogeneous or heterogeneous [1]...

Degradation of Zagros forests has been continuing since a long time ago because of traditional and often improper exploitations due to poverty, unemployment, and livelihood. In this study, in order to reduce forest degradation and improve sustainability, the feasibility of MULTIPURPOSE using of Zagros forest was assessed in Baneh forests by using GIS, RS and AHP. All of the possible land-uses as well as criteria and sub-criteria were identified based on expert's judgment and literature reviews. Sub-criteria maps was created using available data, field works, and IRS-P6 imageries. The weights of sub-criteria were determined using AHP. The priority maps of each land-uses was produced with a weighted linear combination method using GIS. The final priority map was achieved by overlying the individual land-use priority maps. The final ecological capability map was prepared by editing the priority map. The results show the main area of current land-uses does not match with the ecological potential. However, ecologically, various land-uses meaning multiple-use can exist separately or together in the study area leading to reducing people’s dependence on forest trees, degradation and improving the forest sustainability.

The aim of this study was to explore and analyze the concept and dimensions of university multifunctionalization as a novel approach in higher education. This research is classified as developmental in terms of its purpose and employs a qualitative methodology, using thematic analysis for data collection and interpretation. The study's target population included professors and specialists in the fields of higher education, educational management, psychology, and social sciences in Tehran during the year 2024. A purposive sampling method was applied, selecting 20 participants for the research sample. Data was gathered through semi-structured interviews, and the analysis was conducted using a three-stage coding strategy within the MAXQDA software environment. The results of the study revealed that in the open coding phase, 478 basic themes, 52 organizing themes, and 9 global themes were identified and categorized. Accordingly, the dimensions of the model developed in this study include: multidimensional education, applied and innovative research, entrepreneurship development and collaboration with industry, responsiveness to societal needs and environmental challenges, technology and digitalization, internationalization and cultural diversity, Islamization and ethical education, effective governance and management, and interdisciplinary skill development. Focusing on these dimensions has the potential to transform universities from merely educational institutions into multifunctional organizations that significantly impact both society and the international community. Therefore, by adopting this approach, higher education administrators and policymakers can substantially enhance universities' ability to meet the increasing demands of society and strengthen their role in promoting sustainable development.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of scotchbond MULTIPURPOSE plus (SBMPP) in comparrison to that of vitrebond on transverse and diametral tensile strength of set amalgam.A total of 60 specimens were selected and divided into two groups (with 30 cases for transverse test and 30 for diametral tensile test). Each groups were then divided into 3 subgroups as: control - vitrebond and SBMPP. Prepared specimens were then filled with amalgam (Luxalloy) in two fgrms using Teflon molds. All samples were tested by Zuick testing machine 1494 at 0.5 mm/min speed. Results indicated that specimens lined with SBMPP and Vitrebond had significantly lower transverse and diametral tensile strength than unlined specimens (p<0.05). Transverse strength of lined specimens with Vitrebond was significantly lower than specimens lined with SBMPP (p<0.01).In conclusion: Incorporation of adhesive resin liners within the body of amalgam can affect the mechanical properties of amalgam.

Introduction The MOFs word is the abbreviation of metal-organic frameworks and as it is clear from its name, it formed organic compounds as ligands and inorganic (metal) parts at the same time [1, 2]. It means there is a central metal that forms a porous polymer network with organic ligands. This porous hybrid organic-inorganic polymer network with a feature such as indestructibility up to high temperatures and chemical flexibility by placing different functional groups on their surfaces can be modified [3]. This unique structure of MOFs has given their applications in various fields such as catalyst, photocatalyst, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), gas separation and storage, absorption, desorption, purification, and drug delivery (Fig. 1) [4-9]....

This study employs cellular automata (CA) to deal with the optimal operation of MULTIPURPOSE reservoir systems functioning for water supply to consumptive agricultural demands, hydropower generation and minimum environmental flow purposes. Discrete time instances (beginning of monthly time periods) are taken as cells and storage volumes at these instances are considered as the states of the cells. The CA updating rule is derived from the analytical optimization of the local objective functions in presence of nonlinear hydropower equations. Additionally, the sub-problem of the optimal water allocation to different downstream users is solved using Lagrange multipliers technique. The proposed method is used to solve the nonlinear, non-convex operation optimization of Balarud reservoir and its hydropower plant as a real case study. The performance of the method is compared with those of the gradient-based optimization methods and Genetic algorithm for periods of 5, 20 and 44 years. The results show that the proposed cellular automata-based optimization model is able to find solutions with acceptable quality from the optimality perspective while rendering considerable reduction in the required computational load.

A Fully Fuzzy Linear Programming (FFLP) formulation for the reservoir operation of a MULTIPURPOSE reservoir in presented in the ongoing paper. In the real world, water resources systems usually have complexities among social, economic, natural resources and environmental aspects, which lead to multi-objective problems of significant uncertainties in system parameters, objectives and in their interactions. These uncertainties in FFLP reservoir operation model are considered by being treated as fuzzy sets. In the present study, an FFLP reservoir operation model is developed where all parameters and decision variables are fuzzy numbers. The developed model is demonstrated through a case study of Jayakwadi reservoir stage-II, Maharashtra, India with the objectives of maximization of annual releases for irrigation and hydropower generation. The FFLP reservoir operation model is solved to obtain a compromised solution by simultaneously optimizing the fuzzified objectives and the corresponding degree of truthfulness, using linear membership function. The degree of correspondence (Correspondence) obtained is equal to 0.78 and the corresponding annual releases for irrigation amount of 367 Mm3 and while annual releases for hydropower generation being 216 Mm3. the present study clearly demonstrates that, use of FFLP in MULTIPURPOSE reservoir system optimization presents a potential alternative to attain an optimal operating policy.