Myths are the stories of the holy history of creation that narrate the formation of culture and civilization in a symbolic way. Myths can also reflect a kind of worldview to understand the philosophy of life and can make it possible for early men to relate with the divine world. Myths are made by copying ancient stories, combining mythical elements and using elements belonging to neighboring peoples.Like his name, the character of Jamshid is bright in history and in MYTHOLOGY. In Indian MYTHOLOGY, Jamshid is regarded as the myth of creation and death and has a status identical to God' s; in Gahan he is the myth of championship and heroism; and in new Avesta, by saving mankind from the cold, he became the myth of renovation and revival.In Islamic times, inspired by the ancient triple myths, the ritual Norooz celebration is attributed to Jamshid. He is said to be the founder of architecture, medicine, textile industry, and civil society.

The influence of philosophy on literature is undeniable. We just need to think of how Heidegger's philosophy left its imprint on the whole postmodernist literary movement. The Emphasis on interconnections between man and the universe, the endeavor to understand those interconnections and the attempt to return to their origins and sources are three fundamental principles of Heidegger's philosophy, which have penetrated and shaped postmodernist literature. These three fundamental principles are also found in MYTHOLOGY and in this article we will highlight their similarities. Apart from sharing these three elements, minor parallels can also be found such as the "Unconscious" aspect of MYTHOLOGY, being a direct result of oral tradition while in postmodernist literature the same aspect becomes "Consciousness" since a priori agreed conditions are intentionally applied. In this article, while focusing on the philosophy of Heidegger, we discussed the characteristics common between MYTHOLOGY and postmodernist literature.  

This article studies the mythological criticism and various critical discussions on this area. Myth is tied with different elements of literature. Drawing on the undeniable role of myth in oral literature and the active presence of the myths among the ordinary people, in this study we have considered both the written as well as oral literature.The links between myth and literature is especially evident in poetry, fiction, and folk tales. In particular, the study of archetypes which in a way reflect the human’s collective unconscious can be significant in mythological studies. Myth is related to a variety of literary genres and in fact it is regarded as a separate type of literary productions. Myths have also influenced literary schools while linguists are still fascinated by the role of MYTHOLOGY in language. Therefore, the study of myths can unveil inner side of oral and written literature.

Mysticism and MYTHOLOGY have a few things in common, one of which is thinking about death. Both introduce death as the most important trouble and eternity as the most exciting ambition for human being. They paraphrase and decode death through revelation and intuition, and take it as a kind of sleeping and trance that could be overcome by some means. In MYTHOLOGY and mysticism, death is assumed as the advent of living again, and by destroying reality it leads to eternity. Their death thinking could be examined in their common beliefs such as mortality and eternity, flying soul, fire, Hoom and source of life.

Serpent is one of the most controversial and symbolic creatures. In referring to the dictionary of symbols, we encounter lots of pages for this entry and find out that it has mingled with man's culture and civilization. Its root is the same as death. In Pahlavi it is (mar), in Sanskrit (mara). Mara means killer or one which makes the others die (Borhan Ghate'). In Gilaki and Mazandarani dialects mar means mother. Therefore in Persian Language it has two meanings:1-killer or causing to die2-Bearer (mother or foundation of something)It is interesting that both definitions are opposite to each other. Serpent is the factor of existence. Their roots are apparently separate from each other, that's, in the first meaning serpent points at death and sick man, but in the second meaning it denotes mother and a female.We, in this occasion, discuss about the stance of serpent in different customs and ceremonies and in folkloric literature of Iran.

A challenge faced by the ancient culture of Mesopotamia was the possibility or impossibility of interaction or communication between natural and supernatural beings. While the present article assumes its possibility based on available evidence, it employs the descriptive-analytic method to identify various forms of revelation within the mythical Mesopotamian culture. The research findings indicate that in Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, and Assyrian myths, revelation manifested as an exchange or spiritual transaction bridging the gap between the natural and supernatural worlds. It served as a conduit for communication and the conveyance of desires, secrets, and news from deities to earthly beings, including both human and nonhuman entities. In this context, revelation often took the form of soliloquy and sometimes that of mutual conversation, presenting itself through experiences such as the soul’s journey, true dreams, auditory perceptions, and prophesies. It appears that the various forms of Mesopotamian revelations gradually influenced Semitic religions, likely influenced by the proximity of the Sumerians. Therefore, an exploration of the revelatory aspects of Mesopotamian myths becomes crucial for a deeper understanding of the nature of revelation in more contemporary religions.

Ancient myths represent historical heritage of cultures. Through studying ancient Persian MYTHOLOGY, as a kind of collective Iranian unconscious, social aspects of feminine rationality has been sought in this paper,so they can participate in management of social affairs. For this reason, after explaining and analysis of Persian rationality, related goddesses and creation myths to feminine rationality have been studied, and Iranian rational feminine capabilities for establishing an ethic-oriented civilization have been gathered. Rereading myths showed that Persian rationality and wisdom of Ahura Mazda is the same which essentially based Good thoughts, good words, and good deeds that, unlike modern instrumental rationality, could not be seeing without ethic of kindness and altruism. In this discourse, women would be admired by their maternal abilities, and, dissimilar from their counterpart Greek myths, they are not symbols of instincts,therefore, they do not in contradiction to masculine civilization-making rationality. Women introduce as mothers’,of society and the origins of Ahura Mazdian reasoning in the social life. Thus, elimination of women from making civilization is to cutting the roots of altruistic rationality.

The application of MYTHOLOGY and immortal characters in literature by the authors, poets, and playwrights of Western Classical Literature is quite evident; Characters which are immortalized in the minds and memories, many people worship them for their domination and gallantry, extraordinary creatures who never die, get sick, get injured or grow old; including these eternal characterizations are found in; ‘‘Pandora’’ in ‘‘Hesiod’s Pandora’s box’’, ‘‘Hercules’’ in ‘‘Ovid’s Metamorphoses’’, ‘‘Laius’’ in ‘‘Sophocles’s Oedipus Rex’’, ‘‘Niobe’’ in ‘‘Sophocles’s Antigone’’, ‘‘Sappho’s poem(Leto and Niobe)’’, and ‘‘Aeschylus’s Niobe’’, and finally ‘‘Ulysses’’ in ‘‘Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey’’. In this study, researchers have tried to give, at first, an overview of MYTHOLOGY and then of the Iliad as the first and the oldest surviving work reflecting MYTHOLOGY in Western Literature. In other words, an outline of MYTHOLOGY in the darkest episode of the "Trojan War" has been studied to show the connection between MYTHOLOGY and Western Literature. This paper has been compiled using the ‘‘content analysis’’ of ‘’Iliad’’ translated by ‘’Richmond Lattimore’’ and through the ‘‘library search’’ with the resources mentioned at the end. The results show that there is a fundamental connection between the creation of myth in the doctrinal views and works of Western Literature. Researchers have tried to examine this connection in the Iliad as a sample of epic and mythological works of Western Literature that is the product of the application of the authors, poets, and playwrights from the realm of MYTHOLOGY in recreating religious and non-religious convictions mingled with ancient quotations.

Because of development of comparative linguistics in the 19th Century and ethnological findings of the 20th Century, MYTHOLOGY was introduced as a scientific discipline, and, since ancient myths of nations are the most fundamental categories to know various nations, researchers focused on comparative MYTHOLOGY as a way to mutual understanding among nations. Because of this, dialogue and interaction between nations began. Thus, comparative MYTHOLOGY is able to remove grounds of disputes and conflicts between nations- which are mostly products of antipathy and absence of a mutual language, for, focus on cultural infrastructures may lead us to find common features among various nations, and such common features may lead to peace and friendship among them. In addition, researchers may pay attention to various climatic necessities because of differences between myths so that each and every nation may be judged under its own conditions, and such a mutual understanding may hinder enmities between nations. It should be noted that in the present article, only western views toward comparative MYTHOLOGY have been discussed and studies.