Traditionally, entomologists have used destructive methods especially dissection in order to investigate the important taxonomic characters of specimens. New technologies for imaging and analyzing in taxonomy, offer opportunities to deposit three-dimensional (3D) data to proposed for rare and valuable type materials in museums and collections. Micro-computed tomography, as a non-destructive imaging technique, has become an emerging and progressive technology in insect science. However, this technology is rarely used in entomology compared to in medical and industrial applications. In this study, MicroCT imaging protocols are explained in detail using three species of braconid wasps: Aleiodes arnoldii Tobias, 1976 (Braconidae: Rogadinae), Hormius moniliatus Nee, 1811 (Braconidae: Hormiinae) and Macrocentrus bicolor Curtis, 1833 (Braconidae: Macrocentrinae). MicroCT scan data of three braconid wasp species from Iran, depicted main identification of skeletal body parts. A brief step-by-step is provided on image acquisition, 3D reconstruction and mesh editing to create a virtual model of the species utilized for morphological and morphometric studies. As a result, the use of micro-computed tomography as a non-invasive virtual examination tool was explored. The complete datasets containing the raw TIFF MicroCT data, 3D models and 3D rotation videos available for download at http: //www. morphosource. org/Detail/ProjectDetail/Show/project_id/822

Introduction: Irregularities and defects on NiTi endodontic instruments originating from the manufacturing process can lead to the structural collapse and fracture of these instruments during treatment. To assess the cause of instrument wear and fracture, as well as increasing fracture incidence, destructive and non-destructive methods have been used for the analysis of surfaces and internal structures of new and used NiTi instruments. The aim of this systematic review was to undertake a detailed analysis of the methods used to evaluate the surface and internal microstructure of endodontic instruments. Methods and Materials: The scientific literature was comprehensively and systematically searched in the MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and LILACS/BBO databases for studies published up to June 9, 2019. The eligibility criteria was based on the PICO (Patient, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome) strategy with the question “ What is the best method for structural analysis of endodontic files? ” Two aspects were considered for inclusion in this study: (i) endodontic instruments and (ii) methods for structural analysis of NiTi instruments. Results: Based on the inclusion criteria, 94 articles were selected. The results showed that although specific methods have been used for qualitative and/or quantitative structural analysis of NiTi instruments, no study addressed both the surface and internal structure of the instruments at the same time. According to this review, the need to compare the methodologies used in the selected articles has been identified; however, each type of method used has its own limitation on the analysis of both the surface and the internal structure of the instruments. Conclusions: The comparison between the different types of methodologies used in the studies revealed the reliability and the limitations of the methods employed for structural analysis of endodontic instruments; thus assisting us in determining their validity.

Background and Aim: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is the prevalent cause of mortality, morbidity. We need to do more research on the animal model to study this injury in detail. So, this study aimed to create a moderate TBI model with a pendulum in male rats. Methods: In this study, 14 male Wistar rats weighing 230 ±,10 grams were prepared and kept in the laboratory environment for one week to adapt to the laboratory conditions. Grouping was done randomly in two groups the control and the trauma group. To create TBI, a pendulum with a weight of 10 kg and a length of 40 cm was made with steel profiles of 2 cm. The force on the skull caused a moderate brain injury. Then, the mice were tested by examining their behavior (Morris blue puzzle test) and using a MicroCT-Scan. Results: In the study of the images obtained from the CT scan by comparing the two groups, moderate subdural brain damage was confirmed in the trauma group (P<0. 001). The first week was for training and learning the mice in the environment of this experiment. The learning process was carried out during the first week when the duration of finding the glass platform of each mouse was recorded on different days. Further investigation of the behavior of rats in the trauma group showed that the average duration of finding the platform increased compared to the control group (P<0. 001). Conclusion: The device designed in this study could create a rat brain trauma model, so it is hoped that this device can be used in other studies.