A Multiphase flow meter is designed to measure the flow rate of two or more phases without phaseseparation. The flow meter must be accurate enough for the desired application. It must be capable to measure the specifications throughout phase fraction of each phase, independent of the flow regime. Various factors are effective on selection of the flowmeter. Moreover, various procedures are present for measurement of multi-phase flows. In this study, a comprehensive review has been implemented on various technologies in multi-phase flowmeasurement in oil industry and the basis of various measurement techniques has been investigated. The advantages, requirements, and constraints of each technology have been reviewed. Finally, the recent advances in this field have been provided for the researchers.

Natural debris floods travel in straight and meandering courses. The flow behaviour greatly depends on the volume fractions of solid and fluid, as well as on their dynamic interactions with the channel geometry. For the quasi three-dimensional simulations of flow dynamics and mass transport of these floods through meandering and straight channels, we employ a two-phase debris flow model to carry out simulations for debris floods within straight and sine-generated meandering channels of different amplitudes. The results for different sinuous meandering paths are compared with that in the straight one in terms of phase velocity, downslope advection and dispersion, depths of the maxima, deposition of mass, position of front and rear parts of the solid and fluid phases, and also the flow dynamics out of the conduits. The results reveal the slowing of the flow and increase of momentary deposition of the mixture mass in the vicinity of the bends along with the increasing sinuosity. The numerical experiments are useful to better understand the dynamics of debris floods down meandering channels as seen in the natural paths of the rivers as well as already existing channels like episodic rivers in hilly regions. The results can be extended to propose some appropriate mitigation strategies.

The lattice Boltzmann models, especially the pseudopotential models, have been developed to investigate multicomponent Multiphase fluids in presence of phase change process. However, the interparticle force between different components causes compressibility error in the non-phase-change component. This restricts the model capability in quantitative analysis of the physical foaming process, such as expansion rate and decay time. In the present study, a multicomponent Multiphase pseudopotential phase change model (the MMPPCM) is improved by introducing an effective mass form of high-pressure-difference multicomponent model in the non-phase-change component. The improved model is compared with the MMPPCM based on simulations of the phase change process of static and moving fluids, as well as the physical foaming process. Density variation of non-phase-change component and its effect on flow field characteristics are analyzed during the phase change process. Simulation results of physical foaming process lead to about 10% ~ 20% reduction of the compressibility error for the improved model as compared with the results of MMPPCM. The improved model also enhances the computational stability of phase change simulation of the static droplets.

In this paper experimental and computational modeling methods for studying Multiphase flows in porous and fractured media are studied. Particular attention was given to the flows in a laboratory-scale flow cell model. It is shown that the gas-liquid flows generate fractal interfaces and the viscous and capillary fingering phenomena are discussed. Experimental data concerning the displacement of two immiscible fluids in the lattice-like flow cell are presented. The flow pattern and the residual saturation of the displaced fluid during the displacement are discussed. Numerical simulations results of the experimental flow cell are also presented. The numerical simulation results for single and Multiphase flows through rock fractures are also presented. Fracture geometry studied was obtained from a series of CT scan of an actual fracture. Computational results show that the major losses occur in the regions with smallest apertures. An empirical expression for the fracture friction factor is also described. Applications to CO2 sequestration in underground brine fields depleted oil reservoir stimulation are discussed.    

In this paper the plastic deformation of single phase and two-phase polycrystal materials is studied both experimentally and by a FEM model computation, taking into account crystal plasticity. A fully coupled constitutive elastic-plastic crystal plasticity model is developed and implemented in the finite element model to define the single crystal material.A polycrystal lattice as an aggregate of single crystal grains with various orientations is both simulated and analyzed by means of unit cell method. The user-subroutine has been written for single crystals materials. Many experimental tests of polycrystal materials have been performed to trust the results of simulations. The stress versus strain dependence as obtained from this FEM-model appears to be in good accordance with experimental results.

This paper presents soft sensor as a Multiphase flow meter. Nonlinear observer with Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) by Navier Stocks equations for inline flow is used to estimate the oil and gas flow. Finite element method and EnKF are used along two scenarios; in addition، in the first scenario، the estimation is done with the refinery output measurement; and in the second scenario، this estimation is done with the production unit output measurement. In this article، we don’ t use primary element for Multiphase flow measurement، instead of that flow will be estimated using some secondary variables (like pressure، temperature، output single phase flow، phase fraction and etc that can be measured directly with high accuracy). Results of comparison between two mentioned scenarios show that also the estimation with output measurement is not accurate، but the accuracy and repeatability of second scenario (estimation with production unit measurement) is in the acceptable standard range. Thus we can conclude that this soft sensor can be used as a backup for primary system and also as a primary system for Multiphase flow measurement.

This work proposes a novel method to find the phase error and oscillation amplitude in Multiphase LC oscillators. A mathematical approach is used to find the relationship between every stage's output phase and its coupling factor. To much more general analysis, every stage assumed to have a different coupling factor. The mismatches in LC tanks are considered as the main source of phase errors and accordingly the phase deviation of each stage is calculated in a distinct equation. Then, the amplitude of oscillation for each stage is individually derived using phase error results. Not only considering different coupling factors increases the generality of this work but also the results are in better conformance with simulations compared to previous works. The theoretical results are evaluated and confirmed through extensive simulations using ADS software.