The aim of this study was bioinformatics and phylogenetic analysis for 5′ UTR region of NEUROPEPTIDEY (NPY) gene and its association with body weight and egg production traits in Fars native chickens. For this porpuse 200 blood samples were collected from Fars Native chickens Breeding Center (Shamsabad station). The whole genome DNA was extracted using salting out protocol. The promotor region was amplified by PCR and SNP genotyping was performed by RFLP method. The frequencies of alleles A and B were estimated as 0. 46 and 0. 54, respectively. The population was deviated from H-W equilibrium. Statistical analysis indicated that there is no significant association between NPY genotypes and studied traits (egg number, age at first laying, egg weight at 84 weeks and body weight at 12 weeks). The results of phylogenetic analysis showed that the sequences of the NPY gene of Fars native chickens has the most simalirity with EU447658. 1 and EU447659. 1 sequence information. Interstingly, there is NPY gene of quail in phylogenetic analysis which can show the key role of NPY gene for regulating the physiological process.

In the present study, the analysis was performed to investigate the evolution of the VF gene in sheep, phylogenetic analysis and natural selection process during the evolution of this gene. The VF gene sequence in sheep and other organisms including cows, goats, and buffalo were sequenced and then aligned to examine each copy of the gene sequence. Percentages of nucleotide substitution and replacement were determined based on the Genome Database Search (NCBI) using maximum likelihood method, phylogenetic tree mapping and natural selection process from bioinformatics studies; The replacement percentage of pyrimidine bases was greater than the purine, indicating a positive selection during the evolution of these genes. The dN / dS ratio was also calculated, indicating a positive evolutionary selection for this gene. This type of dN / dS was purine. The phylogenetic tree for the aforementioned gene in different organisms shows that in general, the VF protein in different organisms is divided into two distinct groups based on their evolutionary pathway, with one similarity in the organisms studied.