Objective(s): The molecular basis of “ metabolically healthy obese” and “ metabolically unhealthy nonobese” phenotypes is not fully understood. Our objective was to identify metabolite patterns differing in obese (metabolically healthy vs unhealthy (MHO vs MUHO)) and non-obese (metabolically healthy vs unhealthy (MHNO vs MUHNO)) individuals. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was performed on 86 subjects stratified into four groups using anthropometric and clinical measurements: MHO (21), MUHO (21), MHNO (22), and MUHNO (22). Serum metabolites were profiled using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Multivariate analysis was applied to uncover discriminant metabolites, and enrichment analysis was performed to identify underlying pathways. Results: Significantly higher levels of glutamine, asparagine, alanine, L-glutathione reduced, 2-aminobutyrate, taurine, betaine, and choline, and lower level of D-sphingosine were observed in MHO group compared with MUHO. In comparison of MHNO and MUHNO groups, significantly lower levels of alanine, glycine, glutamine, histidine, L-glutathione reduced, and betaine, and higher levels of isoleucine, L-proline, cholic acid, and carnitine appeared in MUHNO individuals. Moreover, significantly affected pathways included amino acid metabolism, urea cycle and ammonia recycling in MUHO subjects and glutathione metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and ammonia recycling in MUHNO members. Conclusion: Literature review helped us to hint that altered levels of most metabolites might associate to insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance in MHO and MUHNO individuals, respectively. Besides, abnormal amino acid metabolism and ammonia recycling involved in unhealthy phenotypes (MUHO, MUHNO) might be associated with insulin resistance.

Background: Obesity, particularly morbid obesity, has various physical and mental complications. Excessive daytime somnolence (EDS) is a sleep disorder that reduces individuals’ performance capability and the accuracy of their short-term memory and causes learning problems. This retrospective study aimed to document the presence of EDS in a sample of obese patients in comparison to patients with a normal weight.Objectives: This article compares the excessive daytime sleepiness of obese and non-obese patients in the minimally invasive surgery research center in Tehran, Iran.Patients and Methods: In this case-control study, we compared excessive daytime sleepiness in 55 obese patients who were candidates for laparoscopic surgery, with a body mass index (BMI) of equal to or greater than 30 kg/m2, with 55 controls with a normal BMI (19.5-24.9 kg/m2). The process of selecting the control group in our case-control study is matching in group levels, so that the controls are similar to the case group with regard to certain key characteristics, such as age, sex, and race. The sleep assessment was based on the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) questionnaire. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the means of quantitative data, such as the ESS score of groups.Results: Sleepiness was not affected by gender in cases or controls. The sleepiness prevalence was 29 (52.7%) in the cases group and 17 (30.9%) in the control group (OR=2.493 (95% CI 1.144-5.435)). The mean ESS scores in cases and controls were 7.82±3.86 and 10.54±6.15, respectively (P=0.007). Moreover, the prevalence of sleepiness and the mean ESS scores in class III of obesity differed significantly from the controls (16 (57.1%) vs.17 (30.9%)) (OR=2.980 (95% CI 1.162-7.645)) and (11.04±5.93 vs.7.82±3.86) (P=0.013), respectively.Conclusions: Our findings suggest a strong relationship between EDS and obesity, particularly morbid obesity. Therefore, physicians must be familiar with EDS as a mixed clinical entity indicating careful assessment and specific treatment planning.

Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease, which is gradually being recognized as a systemic inflammatory disorder. Psoriasis and obesity are strongly linked, but there is not enough data whether obese psoriatic patients present differently from non-obese psoriatic patients. To compare the phenotype, clinical features, severity, baseline comorbidities and laboratory findings among psoriatic patients with/without obesity all the psoriatic patients, from three centers, who were receiving systemic therapy were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups: those with obesity and those without obesity. We included 497 patients: 154 (31%) patients were obese and 343 (69%) were non-obese. Obese patients had more comorbidities, particularly hyperlipidemia, followed by hypertension and diabetes. Fasting blood sugar and serum lipids were significantly higher among obese subjects. Given the differences between obese patients and non-obese patients, the former group should be followed and managed more closely and with specific attention.

Introduction: Identifying the cognitive and behavioral factors that cause obesity and overweight, as well as the variables that affect the treatment process can help improve the treatment process of obesity and achieve long-term therapeutic results. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study in 2019, 100 female volunteers were selected using the convenient sampling method and divided equally into two groups: overweight and obese individuals and people with normal weight. G*Power software was used to determine the sample size in each group. In each group, positive implicit association, working memory capacity and impulsivity were measured. Results: Results of the univariate analysis of covariance, by controlling the effect of age, showed the effect of group on positive implicit association figures (P=0. 59, F=0. 28, ) and working memory capacity (P=0. 74, F=0. 10) was not significant. In other words, obese and non-obese groups were not significantly different in terms of positive implicit association, and working memory capacity. However, results were statistically significant for impulsivity variable (P=0. 03, F=7. 06). Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that impulsivity, as a personality trait, plays a crucial role in the success or failure of dieters. Individuals with high body mass index, who are classified as obese, are more likely to experience impulsivity.

Background: The prevalence of childhood obesity, which is associated with the health risk of OSA, is increasing. This study aimed to assess the polysomnographic findings of obese and non-obese children and adolescents with OSA. Methods: In this cohort retrospective study, all the obese and non-obese children and adolescents with OSA referring to Sleep Disorders Clinic, Qazvin Children Hospital, during 2014-2019 were included. The participants were 52 pediatrics within the age range of 1-16 years old and mean age of 6. 47±, 3. 59 years, 20 (38. 5%) of whom were female and 32 (61. 5%) were male. The number of samples was determined according to previous studies, and the patients’,case information was applied in this research. Obese children and adolescents were determined according to their BMI. PSG was performed for all the participants and its variables including sleep onset, sleep efficiency, sleep stages (N1, N2, N3, rapid eye movement (REM)), arousal index (AI), apnea hypopnea index (AHI), mean arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), and total sleep time were determined and compared between the two groups. Results: Mann-Whitney test showed a statistically significant difference in the percentage of REM sleep stage between the obese and non-obese groups (P=0. 017). There was no statistically significant difference in the other polysomnographic variables between the two groups. In the obese group, linear regression showed significant correlation between body mass index (BMI) and AHI as well as mean arterial SaO2. Conclusion: the percentage of REM sleep stage in the obese group with OSA was lower than that in the non-obese group. There was a correlation (P≤, 0. 05) between obesity and respiratory events in sleep. It is predicted that with increasing age, obese people are more likely to have severe sleep apnea.

Background: Fragmented QRS (fQRS) on electrocardiography is a marker of myocardial fibrosis and scar formation. We aimed to investigate whether the fQRS complex in children with and without obesity correlates with Body Mass Index (BMI). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 104 children (5 to 17 years) referred to the pediatric clinic were studied. We divided participants into normal and obese groups. Standard 12-lead ECGs, anthropometric data, and blood pressure were recorded. All ECGs were analyzed blindly by two independent clinicians. Surveyed parameters of the ECG included heart rate, QRS duration, QT interval, presence of Q waves, and fQRS. Results: Among 104 participants, 52 patients had normal BMI and 52 cases were obese. Systolic blood pressure (p=0. 001), pulse pressure (p=0. 007), mean blood pressure (p=0. 006), and heart rate (p=0. 009) were meaningfully different between the two groups. We found fQRS in four children with obesity. The frequency of fQRS was significantly different between children with obesity and children in the control group (p=0. 041). We have found that each unit change of weight and BMI at 1. 07 and 1. 45, respectively, could be useful in prediction of the occurrence of fQRS complex in children. Conclusion: This study suggested a significant association between the fQRS in children’s ECG and their weight and BMI. It would appear that each unit increasing weight and BMI predicts an increasing the occurrence of fQRS. The ECG may consider using fQRS as a cardiac risk marker in children with obesity.