Reversible logic circuits have found emerging attentions in nanotechnology, optical computing, quantum computing and low power design. A programmable logic array (PLA) is a universal circuit which is used to implement combinational logic circuits. The main part of a PLA is its AND array. In this study we propose two types of Optimized reversible programmable logic array (RPLA) circuits. The first type is based on a “2-to-4” AND array, and is proposed for the first time. The second type is based on a “3-to-8” AND array. For each type, we bring some different designs. These circuits are compared with the existing counterparts in terms of number of constant inputs and garbage outputs, delay and the quantum cost and are shown that all parameters in proposed circuits are improved.

Traditional fossil fuels, which are also depleting cause environmental problems. A significant portion of global energy consumption is due to building air conditioning systems. Nowadays, considerable attention is drawn to renewable and sustainable energy sources to support the energy requirements of buildings. In this study, a solar absorption chiller was designed for a three-floor residential building in hot and arid climate. At first, thermal loads in the building were calculated using Carrier software. The material and color of the exterior walls, as well as window types, were changed to reduce the heat transfer coefficient and get an optimum design. Results indicate that by using the optimum design, maximum heating load reduction and maximum cooling load reduction can be achieved with approximate rates of 37 % and 12 %, respectively. Considering safety factor and based on the maximum cooling load, a single-effect LiBr-water solar absorption chiller was designed for the optimum building. Two different scenarios were suggested using two types of flat plate and evacuated tube collector. Results show that in the case of evacuated tube collector the net collector area of 254. 18 m2 is sufficient to supply the cooling power. Implementing flat plate collectors would result in occupying an area of 398. 5 m2. Regarding the limitation of total area of roof and efficiency issues, the evacuated tube collector is the best option.

In the present work, an innovative hybrid solar panel is proposed, which can be used to pave floors or to cover roofs. A particular heat sink is employed, which gives robustness to the panel and provides a better heat transfer effectiveness with respect to tube heat exchangers. The geometry of the heat sink which is employed in the panel is Optimized with the help of a numerical model and a genetic algorithm. Some optimization examples are shown. The velocity and temperature distributions on the heat sink cross section are also investigated. The presented hybrid panel allows till 20% increase in the electrical efficiency with respect to a simple photovoltaic panel. Moreover, it can be easily installed under every environmental conditions due to its robustness and resistance to water infiltration.

Introduction: The endemic occurrence of new strains of tuberculosis around the globe has initiated new research on developing diagnostic radiopharmaceutical based on antibiotics.Methods: Tc-99m labeled streptomycin was prepared using freshly milked 99mTcO4- and various concentrations of streptomycin, stannous chloride at various temperatures in high yield radiochemical purity shown by HPLC/RTLC.Results: At various pHs tested (3-10) the best labeling yield at Optimized conditions were at 6-8 range, however pH.7 was considered the best. The radiochemical purity at the best Optimized conditions was>95% as shown by RTLC and>97% using HPLC (specific activity; 1-3 GBq/mmole). The tracer proved to be stable in the final product and in presence of human serum at 37°C up to 2h. However, biodistribution and high resolution SPECT studies in wild type mice showed instability of the complex due to high stomach and thyroid activity uptake.Conclusion: Regardless the reported methods in the literature the direct 99mTc-labeling of aminoglycosides did not proved a suitable tracer.