Background & Aim: Due to the fact that family centered care have a crucial role in pediatric nursing, it seems compatibility of nurses’ and PARENTS’ perception about PARENTS’ needs can lead to deliver higher quality care. The aim of this study was to compare PARENTS’ and nurses’ perceptions about needs of hospitalized children’s PARENTS.Methods & Materials: This is a cross-sectional survey. One hundred and fifty PARENTS and 80 nurses were selected using convenient sampling method. Data was gathered using Kristjánsdóttir’s "parental needs of hospitalized children" questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical (Chi-squared & Mann-Whitney U tests) methods.Results: Research findings showed that there was significant difference between both PARENTS’ and nurses’ perceptions about PARENTS’ needs (P=0.012). Both groups believed that PARENTS’ needs are met partially in hospitals. There was not meaningful difference between the PARENTS’ and nurses’ perceptions concerning meeting parental needs (P=0.666). Based on their perceptions, understanding of PARENTS’ needs help them to meet their requirements in health care facilities. There was a significant difference between PARENTS’ and nurses’ perceptions regarding PARENTS’ need (P=0.018).Conclusion: PARENTS and nurses recognized all of the PARENTS’ needs to be important; there were also deficits in meeting these needs. Therefore, PARENTS’ cooperation with health care team is necessary to facilitate the recovery of sick children as well as meeting PARENTS’ needs.

Introduction: Biological characteristics of PARENTS (height, age, nutrition, history of disease, drugs and substances abuse, blood groups and duration of pregnancy) have a fundamental role in the birth of disabled children. This study aimed to compare the boilogical characteristics between PARENTS with more than one exceptional child and those PARENTS with more than one normal child in the urban and rural region of Kermanshah province.Materials & Methods: In this causal- comparative research, 800 PARENTS (400 PARENTS with more than one exceptional child and 400 PARENTS with more than one normal child) were selected by a random and multistage sampling method and completed an appropriate checklist (Afrooz, 2008). After collectingdata, they were analyzed using SPSS software the statistical tests, t-test, chi square.Findings: The finding indicated that there were significant differences in father's age, mother's age, mother's age at marriage, duration of pregnancy, good nutrition, and history of disease, drugs and substances abuse, blood groups between the two groups under study (P<0.01). However, there were no significant differences in mother's age at birth of child and mother's height between the two groups (P<0.01).Discussion & Conclusion: The results showed that there are significant differences between biological characteristics of the PARENTS with more than one exceptional child and the biological characteristics of PARENTS with more than one normal child. Therefore, with studying biological variables, researchers would be able to prevent the birth of disabled children and finally improve the physical and psychological health of the society.

The purpose of this study was to investigate marital satisfaction in PARENTS with educable mentally retarded children as compared to marital satisfaction in PARENTS with normally developing children. The research method was ex post facto and the instrument was ENRICH Marital Inventory (Olson, et al, 1989). Thirty PARENTS with mentally retarded children and thirty PARENTS with typically developing children were selected randomly in academic year 1381-82 in the city of Birjand. For analyzing the data' t test for independent groups and Multivariate Analysis of Yariance (MANGYA) were applied. The results revealed that: (a) marital satisfaction in PARENTS with mentally retarded children was significantly lower than marital satisfaction in PARENTS with typically developing children; (b) there was no significant differences in marital satisfaction between mothers and fathers with mentally retarded children; (c) there was no significant difference in marital satisfaction between mothers and fathers with mentally retarded children by birth order and sex of children.

Repeated hospitalization due to chronic illnesses in children is inevitable, and as the result both PARENTS and children experience stressful times. Considering that the parent s anxiety is easily transferred to children, talented, powerful and efficient PARENTS can provide a safe support system for their ill child. Many PARENTS show aggressive behavior, specially when they are not aware of the cause of the disease or the medical procedures which are done for their patients.Other sources of anxiety may be financial problems, child intolerance, separation from their most loved ones, uncertainty about future and probability of the disease being contagious.Consequently, these PARENTS show different unsuitable behavior such as, restlessness, hypersensitivity and withdrawal.Nurses, whom are accessible, powerful and knowledgeable enough to give both PARENTS and children support, play an important and undeniable role in reducing anxiety and sadness of both groups.

Introduction: The parenting styles used in different periods of childhood can have an effect on child personality evolution. Child and PARENTS relationship in addition to comfort provision and feeling reinforcement like trust, confidence, security and independence, can be a predisposing factor for physical, psychological and especially social growth and maturity or vice versa in adolescence.Objective: This study was conducted to determine parenting styles in PARENTS with adolescence in Rasht.Methods: The present study is a descriptive study in which 150 adolescents between 14-16 years old were selected by cluster sampling from Rasht high schools. Data collection instrument consisted of a two parts questionnaire including adolescent and family demographic information and parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) for measuring mother and father´s relationship quality that were completed by adolescents and analyzed by SPSS 15.Results: The findings showed that mean and standard deviation of care and protection were 15.39±3.68 and 16.63±4.22 in fathers, and 13.45±4.22 and 14.40±4.81 in mothers respectively and PARENTS based on instrument grading had "Affectionless control".Conclusion: The results showed that PARENTS were cool with children. They inhibit children's independence and progress by overprotection and low care. This can be due to lack of knowledge related to parent’s relationship and good parenting styles in different periods of growth and development and irrecoverable complication on adolescent future life that highlights public education necessity before having children based on structural planning for parenting.

Objective: Neurodevelopmental or cognitive disorders in children pose significant challenges to family functioning. The present study investigates the challenges faced by PARENTS of children at risk of specific learning disabilities (SLD). Methods: This study, based on qualitative research and a phenomenological approach, explored and deeply recognized the lived experiences of PARENTS facing challenges related to children referred for specialized testing. PARENTS’ perspectives were examined using a purposeful sampling method and semi-structured interviews. Data saturation was reached after 23 interviews, ensuring comprehensive data collection. The data were organized and analyzed based on the Colaizzi (1987) method. Qualitative research criteria, such as participant validation, independent coding, and evaluator reliability, were applied to ensure data validity. Results: The findings highlighted six fundamental challenges as follows: “Feeling helpless,” “neglect of individual needs,” “fear of the future,” “feeling defenseless,” “feeling guilty,” and “lack of competence.” Meanwhile, the two following themes emerged: “Weakness in parenting skills” and “emotional dysregulation,” which are considered potential underlying factors contributing to these challenges. Conclusion: The challenges faced by the participating PARENTS are largely due to contextual factors. Many PARENTS feel overwhelmed and isolated due to their lack of awareness of parenting strategies and emotional management during critical situations. These underlying factors, functioning as a vicious cycle, lead to negative consequences and additional psychological issues within the family, contributing to the development of disorders in children. Therefore, the development of structured and specialized training for PARENTS of children at risk of neurodevelopmental disorders appears to be essential.

Background and aim: The aim of the present study was to study the relation between social connectedness, and quality attachment to PARENTS and adults.Method: In order to accomplish the stated goal, 120 college students were selected by means of random sampling. Adult Attachment Scale, Measure of Childhood Attachment to each Parent, and Scale of Keen Connectedness were given to participants to complete. In addition, Social Connectedness Self report Scale was completed by these students. Data were analyzed by using correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis.Results: Data analysis showed a significant relationship between different domains of keen Connectedness (offering social support, receiving social support, quality of keen connectedness and support, as well as magnitude and quantity of support) and attachment to PARENTS and adults. Secure attachment to PARENTS was positively associated with keen connectedness, while anxious and avoidant attachments to PARENTS were negatively associated with a keen connectedness. In addition, the domain of being comfortable in a close relationship in adult attachment scale was positively associated with a keen connectedness. Analysis of multiple regression indicated that magnitude of keen connectedness can be predicted by being at ease with intimate and close relationship. Having a close and intimate relationship with significant adults, and partner were also important predictors of qualitative dimension of keen connectedness. Moreover, receiving a social support from keens and members of family were explained by having a secure attachment and being easy with a close relationship.Discussion: Quality of attachment is an important factor in predicting quality of keen relationship.