In this study the structure of power in family AND its effect on individual's social PARTICIPATION have been observed in the sample of over 25 years old people of Shiraz WITH survey method.The frame work that used in this survey is a combined frame work. The main theory used is Parsons social action theory AND social PARTICIPATION is as a social reaction. Individual's personality will be formed during his socialization. Because of Research Theory; human actions affect by their attitudes about something AND also their subjective norms that are defined by the reference group.AND because of this reason, the structure of power in family is considered as a factor that affects the individual's attitude towards PARTICIPATION AND also their presence at social activities. The results of this survey show that the pyramid of power in Shiraz families generally vertical. The RANGE of PARTICIPATION in the families of Shiraz is generally low. There is no considerable difference (of social PARTICIPATION) between structures of power in family. The results of step-by-step regression show that two variables (attitude to social PARTICIPATION AND gender)are studied at equation AND they make 7.2% of dependent variables. Based on the causal path analysis AND WITH considering all direct AND indirect effects of independent variables on social PARTICIPATION, the attitude towards PARTICIPATION variable has most increasing effect AND gender has lowest decreasing effect on social PARTICIPATION.The variable of structure of power in family affects increasingly on social PARTICIPATION. It means that when making decision is more horizontally, social PARTICIPATION will be increased.

Social PARTICIPATION has a critical effect on quality of life in any society. In this paper, we try to evaluate eventual relationships between the structure of power in family AND quality AND quantity of social PARTICIPATION. The main objective is to measure the correlation between the type of socialization in the family of orientation (origin), AND the type of social PARTICIPATION AND its scope. The principal approach is to take into consideration the genesis of PARTICIPATION in the process of decision making at home, AND its continuation in the society as a whole. According to this approach, configuration of social PARTICIPATION AND strengthening of civil society is influenced by developmental grounds of individuals; civil society is constructed by persons who are forming their civic identities. Methodology used is inferential statistics AND survey. The study is carried out in Tehran in 2004 AND 391 adults living in Tehran is included in this study. The research illustrates clearly the effect of structure of power in family on social PARTICIPATION among the adults. For Those adult whose family is democratic AND egalitarian, the scope of social PARTICIPATION was considerable. People from these families will participate, in adulthood, in the destiny of society as a whole (unions, parties, political organizations…); they are true citizen of their society.

Water Water deficit especially after heading is one of the most effective factors of wheat yield loss in Iran AND across the world AND identifying the physiological traits related to plant resilience is of great importance in screening for tolerant varieties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the variation in stem reserves accumulation capacity AND its relationship WITH remobilization in some wheat cultivars. 22 wheat cultivars were cultivated in a split plot design WITH three replications, full irrigation AND 40% of field capacity being main plots. The amount of accumulation AND remobilization was estimated by measuring internodes weight AND stem soluble carbohydrates content (WSC). Significant genotypic variation among cultivars was observed under both normal AND drought conditions. Maximum accumulation was found in lower internodes followed by peduncle AND penultimate using dry weight measurement method. In WSC measurement method, however, maximum accumulation was observed in penultimate followed by lower internodes AND peduncle. Cultivars ranking based on accumulation was also different in two methods. Drought stress caused decline in internodes weight, WSC AND yield AND remobilization efficiency. The specific stem weight had the highest correlation WITH remobilization. Significant correlation was found between grain yield AND remobilization, specific stem weight AND WSC.

ABSTRACT WITH the expansion of inefficient tissues, "Urban regeneration" has been objectified as a solution for developing cities in different physical, social AND economic dimensions. Despite the development of the guidelines for urban regeneration projects, these projects in Iran still have challenges in the stage of realization AND implementation. This article aims to identify the "challenges AND causes of non-realization of urban regeneration projects in Iran" AND analyse the research conducted in this field WITH a qualitative approach. For this purpose, a meta-analysis of 23 articles in the field of problems of urban regeneration projects in Iran was carried out. The challenges raised in the AtlasTI software were extracted WITH the help of open AND axial coding. In the following, 100 codes were determined in the form of 10 groups or general categories. In the end, the obstacles to the realization of urban regeneration projects in Iran were given. According to the obtained results, the weak presence of non-governmental organizations, the problems of preparing plans, institutional AND management problems, AND the weakness of PARTICIPATION are the four most important AND frequent challenges in the research related to the realization of urban regeneration projects in Iran Extended Abstract Introduction The trend of urban population growth AND the expansion of inefficient urban fabrics along WITH the increasing immigrant population to the cities makes the planners think of filling the existing urban fabrics WITH excessive density AND lAND use change, instead of the city horizontal development WITH regard to the urban sustainable development prism. Poor housing, low per capita services, lack of necessary infrastructure, low quality of life, economic stagnation AND functional inefficiency, unorganized physical-spatial structure, high vulnerability to earthquakes, loss of social status, AND various social problems exemplify the typical challenges of such deteriorated areas. Deterioration of the urban fabric has prompted the emergence of various urban development policies among which regeneration as an overarching approach characterized by its economic, social, environmental, physical, ecological dimensions AND components including quality of life, justice, revitalization AND PARTICIPATION. This concept, as an urban development policy, has been defined AND applied in the vulnerable AND deteriorated areas of cities in recent years. Started from physical redevelopment in the Second World War AND passing through policies concentrated on social AND economic welfare, urban regeneration policies moved towards the PARTICIPATION of local residents AND the creation of sustainable places in recent decades. However, taking into consideration the manifestation challenges of urban development plans, in the existing literature, urban regeneration challenges have been less comprehensively investigated. This paper aims to identify the "challenges AND causes of lack of urban regeneration plans manifestation in Iran" based on the review AND analysis of the research conducted in this field WITH a qualitative approach in response to this question: "What are the challenges AND obstacles to the manifestation of urban regeneration projects in Iran?”   Methodology This research aims to identify "challenges AND obstacles to the manifestation of urban regeneration projects in Iran" through a meta-analysis of the research conducted in this field. Conducting a systematic search in Magiran, comprehensive humanities portal, AND Google Scholar databases using the Boolean logic search used the keyword (challenges) AND key phrases (‘manifestation of plans’ AND ‘urban regeneration in Iran’) resulted in more than 70 Persian papers, 2 English papers, AND 2 English theses. The reviewed studies included research AND review papers, case study research, AND the special issue of urban regeneration policy of Haft Shahr Journal. The geographical scope of the investigated studies covers the historical contexts of Iran, AND metropolises such as Tehran, Tabriz, Shiraz, AND Isfahan. Reviewing the abstracts, 23 studies were selected among which the research focusing on the different types of regeneration, AND evaluation of urban regeneration indicators were excluded from the research process. To conduct meta-analysis after a comprehensive review of each study, open AND focused coding of challenges was done through Atlas.ti software (version 8), AND the obstacles to the manifestation of the plans were extracted. Coding process continued until the saturation was reached. Finally, the 115 codes obtained was reduced to 100 through integrating similar codes. Then, all the codes were categorized into 10 categories, AND a comprehensive model of "challenges of manifestation of urban regeneration projects in Iran" was presented.   Results AND discussion Based on the conducted review, the recognized problems WITH emphasis on the different aspects of urban regeneration projects are: 1) Weak presence of non-governmental organizations (18 codes); 2) Problems of preparing plans (17 codes); 3) Institutional AND managerial problems (14 codes); 4) Weakness of PARTICIPATION (13 codes); 5) Duration AND financial problems of urban regeneration plans (10 codes); 6) Problems of urban regeneration plans process (8 codes); 7) loss of identity of fabrics in the preparation of the plan (6 codes); 8) Lack of context-oriented approach (7 codes); 9) inefficient evaluation of plans (4 codes); 10) lack of social AND specialized training for citizens AND officials (3 codes). The lack of endogenous theory AND insufficient knowledge of the environment AND residents obstacle the manifestation of urban regeneration plans. Despite pretending the use of non-governmental organizations, the relevant law weaknesses, AND the lack of belief in the effectiveness of it has led to disregard of the PARTICIPATION of non-governmental organizations in practice in the process of preparing AND implementing development plans resulting in an inadequate context for manifestation of urban regeneration plans. In addition, the government supervision on NGO’s in the way of achieving independence has also caused limitations for their interplay. In terms of the issues in the preparation of plans, more emphasis on the physical AND economic dimensions AND the purely physical view, AND the lack of attention to the social AND cultural consequences, along WITH the loss of the community identity, are the factors of the failure of the plans to achieve the expected results. The lack of coordination between programs AND multiple decision-makers led to the institutional confrontation instead of interaction. In this regard, the necessity of an integrated AND comprehensive approach to urban regeneration has been acknowledged in the reviewed studies. NGO’s can play an effective role in communicating WITH citizens, educating citizens AND informing them. It is also necessary to have the PARTICIPATION of the private sector AND other organizations involved in the field of urban development in addition to public PARTICIPATION in all steps of preparation, implementation AND occupation of projects AND development plans. In the absence of a context-oriented approach in the preparation AND implementation of urban regeneration plans in Iran WITH blind imitation of western models AND the existence of limited urban infrastructure, following consequences are inevitable: uncertainty in terms of time, cost AND site preparation before the implementation of the plan; lack of definition of urban regeneration plans in the different scales, neighborhood, region AND city; AND the uncertainty of the relationship between these plans AND other urban development plans. As such in the current inadequate conditions driving the process of preparing plans, the possibility of implementing new policies AND plans, is low AND the implemented plans like many other urban development plans in Iran, are inefficient in the absence of the post occupancy evaluation.   Conclusion Based on the results, four priority challenges in the manifestation of urban regeneration plans in Iran include; the weak presence of non-governmental organizations, the problems of preparing plans, institutional AND managerial issues, AND the weakness of PARTICIPATION. "The weak presence of non-governmental organizations" has been mentioned as the first challenge in most reviewed studies (Ahmadifar et al., 2014). Regarding the "PARTICIPATION of citizens" even though in the set of laws AND regulations of sustainable urban regeneration, promotion of citizenship culture, PARTICIPATION, AND cooperation of local institutions are highlighted, the residents are not welcomed in practice. On the other hAND, the lack of people's PARTICIPATION in the preparation AND implementation of plans has made any urban regeneration actions fail or achieve to its partial goals. In this regard, the results of the previous comparative comparisons have shown that the lack of laws AND regulations supporting PARTICIPATION in various fields is of the key factors (Nourian AND Ariana, 2011, Shafie Dastjerdi AND Sadeghi, 2016). The problems of preparing plans, institutional AND managerial issues, ranked as the third AND fourth issues in this study, have been emphasized in previous studies as well (Kalantari Khalil Abad et al., Pakro AND Sattarzadeh, 2014, Izadi et al., 2019). Therefore, prioritizing the challenges raised by experts AND determining operational strategies to solve them are issues that can be addressed in future studies.   Keywords Urban regeneration plans, manifestation, meta-analysis   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript AND agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.

Purpose: Food security is a critical global challenge that is influenced by research AND innovation in the field. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the scientific output of developing countries in food security AND examine its relationship WITH patents AND Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Methodology: This applied research utilized the Scientometric approach. A total of 8,416 papers published between 1992-2023 in the field of food security by developing countries were included in the study using citation databases from Clarivate Analytics. Additionally, patent registrations from the WIPO database AND GDP data from the World Bank were analyzed. Information was collected through note-taking, AND the data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.Findings: The findings reveal an upward trend in the publication AND citation of scientific outputs related to food security in developing countries. China has higher numbers of papers, patents, GDP, AND food production index compared to Iran, Japan, AND South Korea. There is also a positive correlation observed between population AND the number of papers, gross production AND the number of papers, food production AND the number of published papers, as well as the number of patents AND papers citing scientific outputs of countries.Conclusion: These results highlight the significant relationship between increasing scientific output, GDP, the number of patents, AND food security. Greater emphasis on food security contributes to enhanced scientific output, GDP, AND innovation. Similarly, increasing scientific output, GDP, AND innovation positively impact food security in countries.Value: This study emphasizes the importance of scientific outputs in driving technological advancements, innovations, AND ultimately, ensuring food security in developing countries.

The Big Five Inventory (BFI) is one of the most WIDEly used personality questionnaires, but very few studies have been conducted on its psychometric properties in Iranian population. This study was carried out WITH the aim of studying the psychometric properties of the BFI questionnaire. For this purpose, 390 university students in Tehran (210 girls AND 180 boys) WITH an age RANGE of 18 to 56 years (M = 27.52; SD = 8.79) were selected using the convenience sampling method AND completed BFI AND NEO-FFI questionnaires. Cronbach's alpha, multitrait-multimethod matrix, AND confirmatory factor analysis were used to estimate the psychometric properties of the questionnaire. The result of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that 15 of the 44 items did not have a strong factor loading (higher than 0.40) on the corresponding factors AND were therefore removed from the questionnaire. The fit indices showed that the Persian version of 29 questions (BFI-29) WITH 5 factors has a good fit WITH the data. The reliability analysis also showed that the RANGE of Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the factors is from 0.70 to 0.79. The lowest Cronbach's alpha coefficient was related to agreeableness factor AND the highest was related to conscientiousness. The findings from the multitrait-multimethod matrix showed that the BFI-29 questionnaire has good convergent AND divergent validity WITH the NEO-FFI questionnaire. In general, based on the results of the present study, it can be said that the BFI-29 questionnaire has desirable psychometric properties AND whenever a short tool for personality measurement is needed, this questionnaire can be used.

Introduction: Arbitration has a contractual nature AND is subject to the sovereignty of the will of the parties, but in some cases, the legislator imposed the referral of claims to arbitration on the will of the parties AND caused the contractual nature of the arbitration clause to disappear or be limited. By doing this, he has placed the arbitration outside the will of the parties. This issue causes some moral conflicts in the discussion of compulsory arbitration. Therefore, this research has been done WITH the purpose of examining the position of compulsory arbitration in Iran's legal system AND the ethical challenges in it WITH a descriptive-analytical approach. Material AND Methods: The research was a review method, in order to achieve the goal of the research, in addition to electronic education books AND virtual education in this field, articles related to the research keywords from 2004 to 2022 from the databases of Civilica, Magiran, Sid, Researchgate, Science direct, was reviewed Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that compulsory arbitration in Iran has ethical challenges in the field of implementation AND interpretation, the most important of which is the issue of the right to action AND judicial justice. In the context of ambiguities in mANDatory arbitration, even if the method of arbitration becomes ambiguous, the arbitrator has the duty to find out the will of the legislator WITH the principles AND rules of interpretation, which creates a moral conflict for the arbitrator.

The present research was conducted WITH the aim of the relationship between social factors AND family violence against children (child abuse). The used method was a survey AND the data collection tool was also a questionnaire. From a total of 155 families WITH a history of child abuse based on the social emergency statistics of Tehran in the last 6 months of 1397, 110 families (parents WITH one or more children) were selected in District 9 of Tehran Municipality. The rANDom sampling method was simple. In the present study, children under 11 years (6-11 years) were defined as the age RANGE of children AND family violence was also defined as violence applied by parents, older siblings. Research hypotheses were tested WITH SPSS statistical software through Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results showed that the experience of violence has a positive relationship WITH psychological violence, physical violence, neglect against children AND family violence against children. In other results, it was found that violence-oriented mentality has a positive relationship WITH psychological violence, physical violence, neglect against children AND family violence against children. In the continuation of the obtained results, the positive relationship of family problems WITH mental violence, physical violence AND neglect against children AND family violence against children was confirmed AND it was found that gender stereotypes have a positive relationship WITH mental violence, physical violence AND neglect against children AND family violence against children. Finally, in the main hypothesis, the results showed: social factors have a positive relationship WITH psychological violence, physical violence AND neglect against children AND family violence against children.

Progressive collapse studies generally assess the performance of the structure under gravity AND blast loads, while earthquakes may also lead to the progressive collapse of a damaged structure. In this study, the progressive collapse response of concentrically braced dual systems WITH steel moment-resisting frames was assessed under seismic loads through pushover analysis using triangular AND uniform lateral load patterns. Two different bracing types (X AND inverted V braces) were considered, AND their performances were compared under different lateral load patterns using the nonlinear static alternate path method recommended in the Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) guideline. Eventually, the seismic progressive collapse resistance of models was compared to their progressive collapse response under gravity loads. These studies showed that models under the seismic progressive collapse loads satisfied UFC acceptance criteria AND limited rehabilitation objective. The structures had better performance under seismic progressive collapse than models under gravity loads because of more resistance, ductility, suitable load redistribution, AND more structural elements that participated in load redistribution. Furthermore, despite studies on progressive collapse under gravity loads, the dual system WITH X braces showed better progressive collapse performance (more resistance, residual reserve strength ratio AND ductility) under seismic loads than the model WITH inverted V braces.