Background and Aim: The diagnosis of COVID-19 is an essential step toward controlling the pandemic. For this purpose, a series of laboratory methods have been developed. This study evaluated the efficiency of the ELISA method for COVID-19 IgM and IgG detection. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 46 blood samples from PCR positive COVID-19 PATIENTS and 49 samples from PCR negative COVID-19 subjects were collected. Subsequently, the presence of IgM and IgG in all blood samples was assessed using the Pishtaz Teb ELISA kit. Results: The data demonstrated that among 49 PCR negative, 40 (81. 6%) were IgM negative and 9 (19. 1%) were IgM positive. Besides, out of the 49 PCR-negative PATIENTS, 42 (85. 7%) and 7 (14. 3%) were IgG negative and positive, respectively. In 46 PCR-positive individuals, 40 (87%) were IgM negative, while 6 (13 %) were IgM positive. Of the 46 PCR-positive PATIENTS, 24 (52. 2%) were IgG negative, and 22(47. 8%) were IgG positive. Conclusion: Our results showed that detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM using Pishtaz Teb ELISA kit is not enough for COVID diagnosis, but it can serve as a diagnostic RNA supplement to confirm infection with SARS-CoV-2 in approved clinics and other scientific communities, owing to its easy, rapid, and inexpensive availability.

Introduction: Hemodialysis (HD) PATIENTS suffer from psychological symptoms such as hopelessness and low sleep quality. The study aimed to investigate the effect of nurse-led continuous care on hope and sleep quality in HD PATIENTS. Methods: In a quasi-experimental study conducted at Baqiyatallah Hospital, 60 hemodialysis PATIENTS were randomly assigned to either the control or intervention group. The control group received standard care, whereas the intervention group engaged in a series of three educational sessions and received a comprehensive booklet. Furthermore, the intervention group received a follow-up telephone call after thirty days to promote adherence to the prescribed regimen. Data collection for the study incorporated the utilization of the Miller Hope questionnaire along with demographic data questionnaires. Subsequently, the collected data were subjected to both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. Results: The intervention group demonstrated significantly better sleep quality scores compared to the control group. However, there was no statistically significant difference observed in the levels of hope between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The implementation of nurse-led patient education and telephone follow-up proves to be a cost-effective approach that significantly enhances the quality of sleep in hemodialysis PATIENTS.

Noting the PATIENTS’ dignity has expanded more during last decades and has appropriated many debates. Maintaining the PATIENTS’ privacy is a most important element in respecting their dignity. Although respecting the humans’ dignity is among the fundamental objectives of the system providing healthcare and medical services, but the studies show that the PATIENTS’ privacy and therefore their dignity are not well protected. In addition, the medical and nursing staffs are not well aware of the importance of the PATIENTS’ privacy and dignity and they have different understandings of these concepts too. Therefore, it is necessary to provide solutions to promote and protect the dignity in the clinical settings. This study discusses different aspects of the relationship between PATIENTS’ privacy and their dignity and deals with the findings of some studies performed in this respect.

Background: Outcomesforcystic fibrosis PATIENTS are improving rapidly. The demographic factors are notable variables inoutcomes, which can be evaluated and modified.Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the association between outcome and demographic factors in PATIENTS with cystic fibrosis.PATIENTS and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study and data were gathered for 331 PATIENTS using the census method, from March 2001 to September 2014 in Iran. Data was analyzed using logistic regression analysis, chi-square test, and independent sample t test using SPSS 18. Odds ratio with confidence intervals of 95% and P<0.05 were considered significant.Results: There were 85 (25.7%) deceased PATIENTS and 246 (74.3%) living PATIENTS at the time of the study. Of the 246 living CF PATIENTS, 202 (82.2%) were less than nine years of age, and 77 (90.6%) out of the 85 deceased CF PATIENTS had died younger than four years of age. There was a significant difference between outcome and location of residence. The risk of mortality was 50% less in urban PATIENTS than in rural PATIENTS (P=0.03). The risk of mortality was approximately two times higher in PATIENTS with a positive family history than in those with a negative family history (P=0.02). The proportion of mortality was approximately two times, or 94%, higher for those in a consanguineous marriage than for those in a non-consanguineous marriage (P=0.01).Conclusions: The results demonstrated that the mortality rate was higher in CF PATIENTS with a positive family history, a consanguineous marriage, and residence in a rural area. Therefore, demographic factors play an important role in the outcome of cystic fibrosis. Unfortunately, these parameters, which can be managed easily and with low cost, have been overlooked.

Introduction: nowadays, complaints handling is considered as a necessary part of healthcare systems for enhancing PATIENTS' satisfaction. The present study is to determine the state of the complaints handling of the visitors of Isfahan educational hospitals in order to identify the challenges available in this process.Methods: the method of the study is descriptive and its design is retrospective cross-sectional. The research environment is Isfahan educational hospitals among which two hospitals were selected for the study; one of them was a subspecialty hospital and the other was a general one. The population of the study includes the complaint cases of the visitors of the hospitals' complaint unit in 2012. In one hospital, there were 1203 cases and in the other there were 125 ones. To collect the data, a checklist, whose face and content validities were confirmed, was used. The data were extracted from the cases and using a frequency table created by Excel software program was described.Results: based on the results obtained from the study, it can be claimed that in one of the hospitals, the most cases of complaint were about the quality of services (63.6%) and public as well as welfare affairs of the hospital (43.1%). The complaints about the medical staff (45.45%) and administrative staff (54.5%) had the most proportions. In the other hospital, the proportion of the complaining the medical staff had been increasing during the year, however the total number of the complaints had been decreasing. After the medical staff, nursing staff (39.5%) assigned the second rank of complaint proportion in the hospital to itself.Conclusion: the results obtained from the study can be as an experience for reforming the future performance of hospitals. In general, the results of the complained individuals in the hospital A indicate that the most proportion of the complaints was about the physicians and learners and the least proportion was about the technicians and experts of anesthesia and operating room. It seems that the reason for these results is first the physicians' and learners' unawareness of PATIENTS' bill of rights. This bill of rights should be considered as important in teaching learners as other scientific contents. In the hospital A, the reason for complaining the physicians had not been recorded, which by recording them, we can be aware of the weaknesses available in this regard and do appropriate deeds to improve them. But, in general, the quality of services and public as well as welfare issues are the topics considered as important in this research.

Background and Aim: Getting an informed consent as one of the principles of PATIENTS’ rights, is a process that he (she) decides on therapeutic intervention after receiving adequate information from the therapist team. The aim of this study was to explain the quality of the informed consent process of PATIENTS in surgical wards of a military hospital in Tehran and to present some solutions to improve it at 2016.Methods: The combined study was conducted in two phases. The quantitative phase was a cross-sectional descriptive study using the quality of an informed consent questionnaire that evaluated the six dimensions of informed consent with 19 questions. We evaluated the questionnaire’s content validity and its internal consistency.The Cronbach’s Alpha value of the whole questionnaire was 0.85. A stratified random sampling of 120 subjects was performed and the results were analyzed by SPSS 17 software. In the qualitative phase, which was based on the framework content analysis resulting from the results of quantitative phase, 7 experts were selected in a targeted manner and group interviews were conducted with the expert panel method. The results of the interviews were presented in two steps as: after a framework content analysis and re-approval of experts and were presented as improved suggestions.Results: In accessing the quality of the informed consent, the average score in the dimension of "providing information" with 18.93, "compliance with PATIENTS' decision-making competence" with 7.48, and "how to get written consent" with 5.47, were lower than the expected average, and the average score of "patient comprehension" with 9.77, "Volunteerism" with 8.16 and "Interaction between physician and patient" with 16.02, were in an acceptable level. The experts provided 15 improvement suggestions. The most important were "providing information to PATIENTS in the preparation clinic” and giving PATIENTS enough time to choose a therapeutic approach”." Conclusion: The quality of providing information and how to get a written consent was less than expected.Therefore, paying attention to PATIENTS’ role in the informed consent process, providing sufficient information to PATIENTS by a counseling physician in preparation clinic, training physicians and providing adequate opportunities to PATIENTS for choosing a therapeutic approach can be effective in improving the quality of informed consents.