Imam Sadiq, (PBUH) the founder of Ja'fari School, is the main pillar of Shi'a from intellectual and ideological points of view. A large corpus of Ahlul-Bayt's traditions and instructions were disseminated by him. Imam Sadiq's (article has adopted a descriptive-analytical method and PBUH) period was a very important one since various sects emerged at that time, and Imam undertook the crucial task of preserving Shi'a by defying those deviations. Among those was the Zaidi sect which had more or less expanded in those days. Analyzing Imam's approach to that expanding sect is, therefore, of high importance. This an interdisciplinary approach with the aim of defining Imam Sadiq (PBUH) communication style when confronting the Zaidis. A close look at Imam's conduct shows a number of treatments towards Zaidis that included attracting and repelling, defensive and offensive measures. Despite his righteousness and his dismissal of those deviated groups, he shunned any type of unethical behavior and utilized the very nature of the discourses as the promoter of Shiite. Furthermore, we learn from Imam that it was sometimes necessary do take a protective and offensive stance next to mild treatment to reject those who are not willing to submit to the truth.

The annual speeches of the political leaders at the UN General Assembly are the most visible opportunities for the members of the organization to present their international approach to their global government at the global platform. In this paper, using content analysis methods and analyzing discourse, the text of the speeches of Hassan Rouhani and Donald Tramp at the general assembly of 2017 will be examined in quantitative and qualitative terms and discussed in the context of CMM as one of the ideas of the field of between Cultural communication. The application of this theory in our analysis showed that while Rouhani's speeches were mostly from the "protestor" position, he addressed regional issues and equal relations with Iran-the world; Tramp, adopting a top-down position as the "moderator of the world", depicted a pattern of the state and the nation of America As an action plan for other countries. Also, the use of three interpretive, critical, and applied levels of CMM theory clarified that, firstly, the identity contradictions presented in two speeches deriving from a different global pattern of culture were with each speaker, and secondly, the only solution was to adopt a third way that could have the threatening or objectionable side of the parties In a dignified and equitable manner, to engage in communication, dialogue and engagement, and provide for cross-border communication in the form of transnational organizations

Conduct and speech behavior of Imam Riḍ, ā,(as) can be considered as a model in interactions. During this period, "Zaydiyya" is considered one of the most revolutionary Shiite sects that was not much approved and supported by the Imam of his time. Imam Reza's interactions with the Zaydiyya sect as a deviant friend provide an organized pattern of behavior that will pave the way for new issues. This article uses a descriptive-analytical method to identify the social approaches of Imam Riḍ, ā,(as) discourse in the face of the leaders of the Zaydiyya sect. Imam Riḍ, ā,(as) has left valuable behavioral guidelines in social discourses related to the public and scholars, by raising the issues of monotheism, Imamate and Wilayah and answering questions and doubts. These discourses are also indirectly influenced by the third element of the discourse (Ma'mun Abbasi-Power). The basic axes of creating the discourse of Imam Riḍ, ā,(as) with the leaders of the Zaydiyya sect (deviant friend), against the common enemy (Ma'mun), has been done with the aim of enlightenment and guidance,but the main axes in creating Razavi discourse with Ma'mun are with the aim of explanation and non-compromise, which is sometimes accompanied by taqī, ya (precaution) in commenting. In each of these approaches, we come to the central signs that play an important role in analyzing the discourse of Imam Riḍ, ā,(as) with Zaydiyya.

The increasing role of online social networks in shaping individuals' socio-political actions highlights the importance of studying the impact of these networks on elections as the most significant arena of political competition. This research examines how the use of social networks influences individuals' decision-making in the process of media framing during elections. The main research question is whether the use of social networks has transformed the influence of traditional framing sources and processes on voters' political actions. To answer this question, a qualitative method has been employed. The lived experience of voters regarding the impact of virtual space on the formation of discursive frameworks affecting political action and their voting behavior was collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using the "PADAM" discourse analysis method. The research focused on the tenth parliamentary elections of the Islamic Consultative Assembly in Tehran, with sampling from actors who voted for the reformist listThe analysis results show that in terms of identity formation, virtual space had a weak foundational role in political identity for the tenth parliamentary elections, and its reinforcing role should be more considered. However, given the emotional and transient nature of electoral competitions, even this level of identity formation can be significant. Evidence of the virtual space's influence in constructing a moderate identity or moderating political tendencies has also been observed.These findings indicate a strengthening of the "interpretive resistance" current against the framing of virtual space. This means that social network users are not merely passive recipients of political messages but actively participate in interpreting and redefining these messages. These results demonstrate that the relationship between social media usage and political behavior is more complex than can be reduced to a one-sided influence. Instead,this relationship is reciprocal and dynamic, in which users play an active role in shaping political discourses

Widespread use of apparently synonymous vocabulary in the environmental hazards science is not an unfamiliar issue for specialists in this field. Therefore, the research question is whether the words such as natural disasters, natural emergency, or natural hazards have the same meaning? And do these words really have same meanings? If the answer is negative, what are the implications for the use of synonymous vocabulary? This article attempts to answer these questions by using discourse analysis, and the method of PDAM, as well as selecting ten academic titles and three texts, which have been obtained from texts in the domain of these sciences. The results of this study show that linguistic features such as semantic and linguistic have a significant impact in research and theoretical of sciences such as epistemology, ontology, and epistemology. Extreme issues will be executed as it can be claimed that management of environmental hazards is much more promising rather than focusing on the recognition of the physical phenomenon, and the formulation of managerial and operational frameworks, and the precise explanation of specialized vocabulary.

Discourse theory and discourse analysis methods are rooted in an interdisciplinary approach to various sciences, including linguistics, semiotics, psychology, semantics, terminology and more. Meaning plays an essential role in the process of discourse construction. In fact, meaning is the spirit of discourse, and the method of discourse analysis is to achieve different meanings of discourse. How meaning is formed in discourse lays the groundwork for the multifaceted domain of meaning that can bring discourse to the various stages of semantics that play a key role in understanding the process of discourse. In this context, the Practical Discourse Analysis Method (PDAM), which is designed based on the process of semantic transformation, will be introduced. In this method, 5 analytical levels are designed: level-level, depth-level, level-depth, depth-depth (deep), and deeper. At each stage, meaning plays an essential role in the transition from one level to another. Ultimately, what is obtained is the product of semantic interaction, semantic interdisciplinary, semantic process, semantic developments, and semantic fluidity. An attempt was also made to provide an example of the implementation of this method in the Supreme Leader's statements on the Islamic Awakening. In this analysis, the basic signs and in fact the basic goals of these statements in the field of Islamic awakening are explained.

Introduction and statement of the problem: Here we consider the imposed war on Islamic Republic of Iran by the former Iraqi regime as the most important social events in the history of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The event has affected great number of national issues including communication and cultural issues. One of the most important issues in recent three decades is to understand, explain, and to interpret the motivation of the youth׳ s attendance at eight years of the Holy Defense. “Cinema” is accounted as one of the most important areas of representing the great cultural and social event. The emphasis on representation of the youth׳ s motivation in attendance at Holy Defense indicates the artists׳ views towards the fighters as well as values of the Holy Defense in different periods. The main purpose of the research is representation of motivation of the youth׳ s attendance at the Holy Defense through the film of The Ekhrajiha (Outcasts). Theoretical Background: Stewart Hall refers to the concept of "Representation" as a key concept in Media studies (Ameli & Merali, 2007). Hall believes, Representation is a kind of double systems process that produces meaning. He argues: "The relation between things, concepts and symbols is the core of meaning production in language. The process which relates these triple elements together is representation" (Hall, 1997). Discourse Analysis is a method for studding the creation of meaning and message from language units in relation with intralingual and extralingual factors. Actually, Discourse Analysis is the way to discover the discursive meaning. From this type of view, Discourse Analysis is to discover the obvious and hidden meanings of discursive flows, which is appeared in different forms of language and meta-language. Then, the Discourse Analysis in the media studies is focused on how the texts are encoded and decoded (Watson & Hill, 2012). Media content is open to the multiple interpretations of audiences due to its polysemy characteristic. The Agenda Setting view is a process in which, mass media transfer the relative importance of different issues to the audience. The idea and the concept of agenda setting are resulted from the different researches about the impacts of the contents of media messages on audience's mental imagery. Actually, with broadcasting news and information, news media set the issues and problems for people to note and think about them, from this point of view (Scheufele & Tewksbury, 2007; McCombs, 2004). The Framing Theory also has been noted as the next level of Agenda Setting. In Communication field of study, it was Gitlin (1997 & 1980) and Tuchman (1978) who firstly used the Framing concept (Ruigrok & Atteveldt, 2007). Here, framing means to highlight some aspects of an issue in different ways for changing the people's thoughts about the issue (Chong & Druckman, 2007; Entman, 1993). Methodology: We used discourse Analysis as the selected method for reaching the research purpose. Discourse Analysis is one of the most practical methods used by researchers; however, the study has used the approach of PDAM in this. This approach has five analytical levels: 1. Surface-Surface; 2. Depth-Surface; 3. Surface-Depth; 4. Deep and 5. Deeper. The first level, "perceiving from the text", tries to discover the words and sentences with special meanings along with the research purposes within the text. The second level is "the text orientations". Here, more than considering the meanings of a sentence with studding its different words, explicit and implicit meanings, its different orientations toward the different issues related to the research purposes also being noted. Moreover, the text orientations are also being studied in this level. But in the third level, "the exploratory analyses according to the other orientations of the text", the researcher seeks the meaning related to the present context or the contexts of the text creation. The forth level also tries to bridge the text, context and the related hypertext in order to clarify the meanings imbedded within the text. Next and the last level is the deeper one in which, text, intertextuality, imbedded meanings in the text are simultaneously being considered, and the final analysis is presented. Results And Discussion: According to the Method, several tables were drawn for all four levels of the discourse analysis of the movie “Ekhrajiha” (means hired men). Focusing on the four methodological levels, the represented motivations have been extracted. According to the findings, martyrdom, status and credits, love, entertainment, ostentation, recompensing the failures, obedience, friendship and affiliation, divine inspiration and true love, wealth, doing divine duties, protecting the state and its citizens, guiding and reformation, dedication and sacrificing, and fighting against oppression and arrogance are all the motivations represented within the movie. Conclusion: The fifteen explained motivations could be categorized within three main discourses: the values-oriented discourse, the national discourse and the selfish discourse. The values-oriented discourse is represented within two different groups in the movie: a group that has been criticized and negatively shown during the film and the other one, which has been propagandistically praised. However, about the selfish discourse, although it has not been criticized frankly, it also never has been imaged as a praiseworthy discourse within the movie. Prominent Result: The last discourse in Ekhrajiha movie, “the national discourse”, has been shown as a common and unifying principle and has been accepted by the two other discourses. In fact, the national discourse created a common context for all three discourses to interact and cordially understand each other. This discourse has propagandistically and praiseworthy been imaged in the movie and can be recognized as the dominant discourse. It is also this discourse which covers the hero character.

This article seeks to study the theoretical and transactional views of Imam Riḍ ā (as) in the domain of Imam and Imamate through the Practical Discourse Analysis Method "PDAM". The discovery of the essential signs related to the issue of Imamate, sovereignty, and governance in this sermon reflects the theoretical and transtheoretical views of the Imams (as) based on Islamic and Qur’ ā nic principles. The discourse of Imam and Imamate from the perspective of Imam Riḍ ā (as) with various articulations and by creating intertextual relations between this discourse and the existing discourses in the narrations and the statements of the Prophet (pbuh) and other infallible Imams (as) represent the existence of a "grand theory of Imamate" in the sphere of Islamic sovereignty, which considers the Imam to be one who must have four attributes "appointed by God", "ruler of the Islamic society", "universal leader" and "savior of humanity". These four attributes during the eleven infallible Imams have not been fully realized due to unfavorable conditions, which will fully emerge in the period of the Twelfth Imam, al-Mahdi (as).

In this research, the contents of the Campaign teasers of the candidates of the 10th presidential election were reviewed and analyzed. For achieving this goal, the Practical Discourse Analysis Method (PDAM) was used. Research statistical society included all the eighth teasers broadcasted from Channel one of the national TV and the analysis index was also the main performers of candidates in their campaign teasers. The results had shown that candidates focused on specific issues in their teasers: Ahmadi Nejad on "justice basis” and “Service”, Mousavi on “incapability of Ahmadi Nejad “and “efficiency and political and cultural equality of himself”, Karoubi on “tendency to intelligence” and “inefficiency of the management system” and on Rezaie on “principals ability and programming “and “disability of Ahmadinejad government".