در این مقاله پاسخ گویی به این پرسش مورد توجه است که آزمایش های درس فیزیک با چه کیفیتی در مدارس متوسطه اجرا می شود؟ از طریق مراجعه مستقیم به مدارس و مشاهده وضعیت آزمایشگاه ها، مصاحبه با مسوولان آزمایشگاه ها و برگزاری آزمون عملی برای دانش آموزان، داده های لازم جمع آوری گردید. برای تحلیل داده ها و قضاوت درباره چگونگی اجرای آزمایش ها، وضع موجود با وضع مطلوب مقایسه شد. در چهار موضوع مورد توجه این مقاله یعنی 1) وضعیت آزمایشگاه، 2) توانایی نیروی انسانی، 3)چگونگی اجرای آزمایش، 4) رغبت، مشارکت و یادگیری دانش آموزان، پس از جمع آوری داده ها و تحلیل کمی آن ها، مشخص شد که وضعیت موجود با وضعیت مطلوب، فاصله قابل توجهی دارد. آزمایشگاه های فیزیک دارای مشکل امکانات هستند، با وجود این که نیروی انسانی آزمایشگاه ها از کیفیت لازم برخوردار است، ولی مشارکت دانش آموزان در انجام آزمایش ها اندک است و یادگیری دانش آموزان در حداقل ممکن است. بر این اساس، پیشنهاد می شود که برای اجرای آزمایش های درس فیزیک تدابیر عملی فراهم شود و مسوولان به این رکن اساسی پیشرفت های علمی آینده و توسعه فناوری مبتنی بر نوآوری، عنایت ویژه نمایند.

Purpose: THE present research aimed at finding an answer to THE question of THE process of influence of cyberspace on Iranian Poetry in THE future, and THE influence of cyberspace on various aspects of poetry such as content, its audience, THE poet, THE media that published THE poem, THE process of composing THE poem, THE rights of THE author, and Globalization of THE Iranian poetry. Method: THE Delphi technique was used to carry out this research. A group of experts comprising professors in THE fields of Communication and Literature was selected. THE expert’s opinions were collected and analyzed through an in-depth interview, a questionnaire based on THE Likert scale, and by THE execution of three stages of Delphi rounds. Findings: Accordingly, considering THE content, THE experts predicted that due to THE impact of cyberspace, THE quality of THE poetry will be reduced and consequently, THE language of poetry will become simpler and close to prose and it will only reflect THE daily events of life. Regarding THE audience, THEy concluded that THE audience’s selection power will be increased, however, we can differentiate between THE public and professional audience. With respect to THE sender, THEre will be no phenomenon of multi authors, and regarding THE channel, THE experts agreed upon Media Convergence besides, THE poets’ agency in publishing THEir own poems will be increased. Conclusion: Experts believe that THE spread of communication technologies will make censorship ineffective. This is THE only case in which THE group believes in THE impact of technology on THE future of poetry. THE group of experts did not reach a consensus regarding THE impact of technology on THE phenomena such as publication of author’s poems as one’s original work and THE Globalization of Iranian poetry, thus, analyzed THEse items in THE framework of THE human agency.

Due to THE stochastic nature of wind energy, allocating an appropriate investment incentive for wind generation technology (WGT) is a complicated issue. We propose an improvement on THE traditional incentive, known as capacity payment mechanism (CPM), to reward THE wind generators based on THEir performance exogenously affected by THE wind energy potential of THE location where THE turbines are installed, and THErefore, lead THE investments towards locations with more generation potential. In CPM, a part of investment cost of each generator is recovered through fixed payments. However, in our proposal, wind generators are rewarded according to dynamic forecasts of THE wind energy potential of THE wind farm where THEy are located. We use an auto-regressive moving average (ARMA) model to forecast THE wind speed fluctuations in long-term while capturing THE auto-correlation of wind velocity variation in consecutive time intervals. Using THE system dynamics (SD) modelling approach a competitive electricity market is designed to examine THE efficiency of THE proposed incentive. PERFORMING a simulation analysis, we conclude that while a fixed CPM for wind generation can decrease THE loss of load durations and average prices in long-term, THE proposed improvement can provide quite similar results more efficiently.

Purpose: Something that happens in THE future of a scientific field depends on today's view of young people about THE future. THE perception of young people from THE future and THEir conception of THE future is very important. THE purpose of this study was to imaging THE future of sports science from THE perspective of educated youth. Method: THE method of THE present research is qualitative and exploratory research and in terms of purpose is applied research. THE statistical population of THE study included educated youth who are familiar with sports science and THE snowball sampling method was used for interviews and THEoretical saturation were obtained with 23 interviews. To analyze THE data, THE content analysis method has been used to obtain THE information of this research. Findings: THE results show THE future of sports science among educated youth consists of seven main concepts that include: hope for a green education system, excessive interest in working in THE sports industry, basic reengineering, relative disappointment from THE ability of authorities, social position through academic education, desire for empowerment and lack of skills, injustice, and utilitarianism. Conclusion: Finally, by observing THE mental images of THE youth, it can be stated that sports science will move towards THE dystopia if THE current situation continues, and it can move towards THE utopia with fundamental changes. In this direction, THE stakeholders of sports sciences need to be togeTHEr and disagreements need to be managed as well as arbitrariness of sports science professionals should be reduced.

Sea shells are natural-biological objects. THEy are embedded in geological layers in THE form of fossils, but also, to find in archaeological deposits as a result of human activities. Archaeologists can use THE provenance of shells in THE functional analysis of ancient sites in terms of social archeology and prehistoric trading activities. Aarcheological excavations in several sites of THE Iranian Plateau have shown that from THE 3rd third millennium B.C. onwards, finds of of sea shells (e.g. Lambis, Dentalium, etc.) rapidely increased. Such shells were for instance discovered from ritual cemetery contexts such as Shahdad, Tepe Hesar, Kale Nisar cemeteries or Bani Surma. THEse objects are mainly used as natural or polished shells. In some cases, THEy served as a raw material for making all kinds of beads, buttons, and oTHEr ornamental objects.. THE main question is to understand THE relationship between THE use of seashells and archaeological context, and also, THEir role in Bronze Age ritual life. In this article, THE descriptive, analytical method has been used in THE biological recognition of all types of shells. This method is also used based on similar studies on this issue in Mesopotamia's archeology of THE Sumerian-Akkadian period. THE distribution of recognizable species shows that THEse objects are concentrated in THE settlements from south to souTHEast of Iran in THE coastal strip of THE Persian Gulf, and from THE Oman Sea to THE Zagros intermountain valleys, as well as in THE northwest and norTHEast of Iran. THE biological origin can be placed in THE norTHErn shores of THE Oman Sea to THE Gulf of Kutch on THE norTHErn coast of THE Indian Ocean. It seems that with THE growth and development of urbanization in Southwest Asia and especially THE development of sea trade, oysters have been traded as valuable goods and oTHEr prestige goods. THE importance of THE shell findings is more than THE value of THE shells THEmselves because THEy were used as sacred goods in religious affairs. Analysis of THE fields where THE shells were discovered is more related to cemeteries and temples as sacred spaces. Also, THE significant presence of Lambis shells for THE production of specific ritual bowls, placed togeTHEr with bronze axes in graves, can be seen as THE reflection of a patriarchic tradition in THE social-political organisiation of THE third and second millennia B.C. Despite many excavations and THE discovery of many samples of THEse types of shells, no furTHErgoing investigation on THEse specific objects was undertaken so far. This desideratum reveals more valuable findings in THE archeology of THE Iranian plateau. THErefore, one of this article's final goals is to focus more on analyzing THE context of THE discovery of seashells in future Excavation

1برنامه درسی به عنوان ستون فقرات نظام آموزشی، یکی از عوامل مهم در راستای ایجاد تحولات بنیادین در نظام آموزش عالی به شمار می رود؛ هدف این پژوهش تبیین مدل اثربخشی آموزش کارآفرینی از دیدگاه اسلامی و آرای مقام معظم رهبری است تا بتوان با آن برنامه درسی آموزش معماری را، از نظر تحقق مولفه های کارآفرینی در دانشجویان بررسی کرد. روش پژوهش حاضر آمیخته اکتشافی است که در قسمت کیفی با بررسی آرای مقام معظم رهبری در مقالات، کتب و سخنرانی های ایشان، گزاره های توصیفی از اندیشه ایشان در خصوص اثربخشی آموزش کارآفرینی، با روش دلالت پژوهی استخراج شد. در بخش کمی داده ها با استفاده از روش معادلات ساختاری و با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS20 و  smart PLS مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها نشان داد که الگوی کارآفرینی از دیگاه مقام معظم رهبری، در چهار رکن اصلی: بینش، دانش، مهارت و کسب و کار قابل تقسیم بندی است. و هر یک از این رکن های اصلی با الگوی اثربخشی آموزش کارآفرینی در برنامه درسی معماری همپوشانی دارد. بدین ترتیب مراکز آموزش عالی معماری می توانند در کنار ایجاد برنامه های درسی کارآفرینی در رشته معماری، با شناسایی پتانسیل های موجود در برنامه های درسی این رشته، به تقویت نقاط قوت و رفع نقاط ضعف موجود در آن ها بپردازند. این الگو ضمن فراهم کردن شرایط تحقق آموزش کارآفرینی در رشته های دانشگاهی، زمینه اجرای یک الگوی بومی را در پرتو دستورات اسلامی فراهم می آورد.

Four important ways of religious education in THE field of beliefs are inferred in this article through THE nature of religion in THE Holy Quran. We have examined two categories of “nature of religion” and “methods of religious education” for this purpose. All verses including THE root of “د ـ ی ـ ن” (religion) have been investigated in order to properly understand THE nature of religion in THE Holy Quran. THEn, we have benefited from THE inference method to find THE ways of religious education in THE Holy Quran. In THE inferential method, we have reached THE “conclusion”, which is THE method of religious education by using two premises, “normative” and “realistic”. THE solutions of THE Holy Quran to achieve THE methods of religious education are explained in THE following. For example, using THE Scriptures directly to know THE right actions is one of THE solutions of THE Holy Quran to reach THE way of believing in THE punishment of deeds. THE achievement of religious education methods through discovering THE nature of religion and explaining THE purpose of education on THE one hand and using THE inferential method as a research method on THE oTHEr hand is one of THE innovations of this research. THE achievements of this paper can be used to provide an educational THEoretical model for formal and public education system.

To optimize tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum) plant tissue culture condition, THE effect of 13 different hormonal combinations and two explants of cotyledon and hypocotyl on THE regeneration rate of three Newton, Infinity and Defines cultivars were investigated. EXPERIMENTS were conducted in a factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications. THE highest shoot number (11.9 shoots per explant) was obtained for Defines cultivar on MS medium containing THE hormones of TDZ=0.68, NAA=0.1milligrams per liter and cotyledon explant. Plant defense responses against environmental factors are one of THE inhibitor factors of explants regeneration in plant tissue culture. Calcium ion signaling is one of THE primary events and, of course, THE most important event in plant defense response against pathogens, THErefore, THE effect of verapamil as a calcium channel blocker was investigated on THE plant defense response. For this purpose, inoculation was performed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 and based on optimized tissue culture condition. THE effect of verapamil in four concentrations of 0, 50, 100 and 200 milligrams per liter was investigated in a co-culture medium. Results showed that THE use of verapamil in comparison with THE control sample reduced THE plant defense response. Also, THE use of 50 milligrams per liter of verapamil increased THE amount of regeneration