In this research the Fourier transform of electric field in a three layered model with thickness tj and dielectric  erj is computed, after solving three dimensional Laplace equation for Fourier transform of potential under suitable boundary conditions Then, by studying the behavior of spread function, a three-layered PHOTORECEPTOR is designed. After designing and constructing of all of the subsystems, the deposition of Al and formation of Al2O3 are carried out at 2× 10-5 to 5× 10-7 mbar pressure. Then coating of Se is carried out under 2x 10-7 mbar pressure, 250 °C boat temperature and 95°C substrate temperature in 120 min. Electrical resistance of the prepared sample was measured to be higher than 1012 W in dark and about zero in than light, this values are suitable for making electrostatic latent image. To test its function in practice, the sample was mounted in Xerox machine and images were copied successfully.

PRESENTATION: Here, we present a case of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) in which the PHOTORECEPTOR a degeneration was observed to have completely resolved at one year follow‑ up with reestablishment of the normal outer retina anatomy...

The sample used in the photo/dark measurement was fabricated in the sandwich Al/Polyamide/TiOPc/Oxadiazole/ITO/Glass. Nanostructure Titanium Oxide Phthalocyanine with the average particle size about 25 nm (TiOPc) is used as Charge Generation Material (CGM). PHOTORECEPTOR absorption spectra show that there are some peaks at wavelengths 282,402,578 and 762 nm and there is no absorption in the region of 402-578 nm. Photo/dark induced discharge curve shows 67% contrast is achieved at 345 ms.

The morphology of retinal PHOTORECEPTOR layer was studied in continuous light-exposed and darkadapted domestic male cats (Felis catus). The eyes of 12 healthy adult cats (4 in continuous light-exposed group, 4 in continuous dark-adapted group, and 4 in control group) were routinely fixed and studied by electron microscope. Results showed that the general structure of PHOTORECEPTOR layer in this animal was the same as other species; rods were elongated and slender cells. Cone PHOTORECEPTORs were shorter and stouter than rod PHOTORECEPTORs. Cats exposed to continuous light for 24 hrs showed increased numbers of melanosome in retinal epithelial layer. The outer segments of rods and cones were long. Vacuoles increased the extracellular space and some condensed nuclei were observed in the inner segments. Continuous darkadapted group showed a few melanosomes. In this group, the extracellular space, large swelling and condensed nuclei were more than those in other groups.

Objective(s): MicroRNAs (miRNAs) could regulate many cellular processes such as proliferation and differentiation. let-7a miRNA is one of the key regulators in the developmental transition of retinal progenitor cells into differentiated cells. Current evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can isolate from various tissues such as bone marrow and conjunctiva. In this study, we investigated the effect of let-7a overexpression on induced differentiation of conjunctiva mesenchymal stem cells (CJMSCs) into PHOTORECEPTOR-like cells. Materials and Methods: After isolation and characterization, CJMSCs were transduced with lentiviruses containing let-7a or empty vector. The effect of let-7a overexpression on expression of PHOTORECEPTORspecific markers was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) after 28 and 42 days of transduction. Results: The relative expression of rhodopsin and recoverin genes was evaluated by RT-qPCR in let-7a overexpressing cells, control vector transduced cells and untransduced CJMSCs (control cells). Our results indicated that following overexpression of let-7a, after 28 and 42 days of transduction, significant up-regulation in the expression of recoverin (574. 7 and 43. 9 folds) and rhodopsin (3334. 7 and 53. 1 folds) were observed, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that overexpression of let-7a microRNA can increase the expression of PHOTORECEPTOR-specific genes in CJMSCs. Moreover, it is prospective that let-7a overexpression can use as an alternative protocol for the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into PHOTORECEPTORs. It seems that the effect of let-7a on the differentiation of CJMSCs into PHOTORECEPTORs is also timedependent.