Euthanasia, comes from the Ancient Greek word εὐθανασία (Euthanasia), which combines εὐ-(eu-, “good”) and θάνατος (Thanatos, “death”), meaning a good death. It involves a premeditated act of ending a patient’s life to alleviate severe suffering. 1 Euthanasia refers to a physician actively ending a life, while physicianassisted SUICIDE involves assisting a patient in ending their own life. Active euthanasia involves direct actions to cause death, whereas passive euthanasia involves refraining from life-sustaining treatments. Both concepts raise complex ethical, legal, and moral considerations regarding patient autonomy, suffering, and the role of healthcare professionals. 2 This practice poses a significant ethical challenge in modern healthcare, especially for individuals with terminal illnesses who are under end-oflife care. Euthanasia is a method of managing the dying process for some individuals. However, in nursing, moral agency, the ability to think, act, and take accountability for one’s actions, can be hindered by conflicting values. The practice of euthanasia intersects with deeply ingrained ethical principles, necessitating a careful consideration of autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice, all within the broader context of healthcare providers’ duties and responsibilities. 3, 4

Background: Prevalence of SUICIDE and attempted SUICIDE has increased due to social, economic, and cultural factors. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the SUICIDE and attempted SUICIDE epidemiology in Sirjan, Iran, in 2018. Methods: Following a cross-sectional design, SUICIDE attempts and their related factors were investigated in the city of Sirjan in 2018. Data were collected by a researcher-developed checklist and were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics (chi-square and Fisher's exact tests) by SPSS. Results: A total of 768 people referred to Sirjan's hospitals with a diagnosis of SUICIDE attempt were investigated. One-year SUICIDE attempts incidence for males and females was 120. 6 (N = 391) and 116. 3 (N = 377) per 100, 000 people, respectively. The mean age of males and females was 26. 0-9. 2 and 24. 2-8. 1, respectively. Most cases were aged 20-29 and 10-19 years. The male-to-female ratio was higher in the 20-29 age group, but more females, most SUICIDE cases were aged 10-19, and this difference was significant. Most of them were single, urbanite, educated up to high school diploma, or were school-goers. Self-poisoning (i. e. drug intoxication) was the most common method of SUICIDE attempts. SUICIDEs that led to death were 3. 7 per 100000 people, higher rates were observed in men, younger age, single status, urbanite, and those with school diplomas. Hanging was the most common SUICIDE method. Conclusions: Sirjan is one of the areas with high rates of SUICIDE attempts; therefore, the findings of the present study can be regarded as a step forward in future studies to consider interventions intended to improve mental health, as well as to find useful solutions to prevent SUICIDE occurrence.

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Background: SUICIDE is a significant public health problem and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The effect of religion on suicidal behaviors (i. e., ideation, plan, attempt, and death) is an important issue worthy of consideration. Methods: Major electronic databases, including MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus, were searched for the articles published until 26 April 2021. Reference lists were also screened. Observational studies addressing the associations between religion and suicidal behaviors were also examined. Between-study heterogeneity was investigated using the χ 2, τ 2, and I 2 statistics. The probability of publication bias was explored using the Begg and Egger tests, as well as trim-and-fill analysis. The effect size was expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model. Results: Out of 11 389 identified studies, 63 articles were eligible, involving 8, 053, 697 participants. There was an inverse association between religion and suicidal ideation OR = 0. 83 (95% CI: 0. 78, 0. 88; P < 0. 001), suicidal plan OR = 0. 93 (95% CI: 0. 83, 1. 04; P = 0. 200), SUICIDE attempt OR = 0. 84 (95% CI: 0. 79, 0. 89; P < 0. 001), and completed SUICIDE OR = 0. 31 (95% CI: 0. 14, 0. 72; P = 0. 006). There was a no evidence of publication bias. Conclusions: The results of this meta-analysis support the notion that religion can play a protective role against suicidal behaviors. Nonetheless, the effect of religion on suicidal behaviors varies across countries with different religions and cultures. Although this association does not necessarily imply causation, an awareness of the relationship between religion and SUICIDE risk can be of great help in SUICIDE prevention policies and programs.

SUICIDE has been known in all cultures, every region and ethnic group. Throughout history, the first recorded SUICIDEs were committed by Pyramus and Thisbe, who were lovers that died in Babylonia, Persia, around 2000 BC. In 2016, the highest SUICIDE rate in the world belonged to Guyana (30/100 000 p. a. ), followed by Lesotho and Russia. Kazakhstan, an Asian country, filled the sevenths place (22. 8/100 000 p. a. ). For more than a millennium, Islam and Christianity considered SUICIDE to be a sinful practice. In the West, in the early 19th Century, the belief that SUICIDE was a religious problem was replaced by the belief that SUICIDE was a medical problem and could be prevented by treatment. In 2014, WHO described that belief as a “ myth” (1); however, studies continued to focus on mental disorders as the primary etiological factors and experts recommend treatment for its prevention...

Background: The current study aimed to test the hypothesis: Is SUICIDE predictable? And try to classify the predictive factors in multiple SUICIDE attempts.Methods: A cross-sectional study was administered to 223 multiple attempters, women who came to a medical poison centre after a SUICIDE attempt. The participants were young, poor, and single. A Logistic Regression Analiysis was used to classify the predictive factors of SUICIDE.Results: Women who had multiple SUICIDE attempts exhibited a significant tendency to attempt SUICIDE again. They had a history for more than two years of multiple SUICIDE attempts, from three to as many as 18 times, plus mental illnesses such as depression and substance abuse. They also had a positive history of mental illnesses.Conclusion: Results indicate that contributing factors for another SUICIDE attempt include previous SUICIDE attempts, mental illness (depression), or a positive history of mental illnesses in the family affecting them at a young age, and substance abuse.