Extended Abstract Background: Wheat is a plant that is cultivated in different environments around the world and provides approximately 20% of the energy and 25% of the protein needs of the world population. Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) is an industrial product that is mainly used in the pasta production industry. In addition, the difference in the price of durum wheat in the world markets compared to bread wheat has prompted some countries to increase the area under cultivation and production of this crop and start its export to supply their bread wheat needs through imports, thereby saving large sums of foreign currency. Although it is often believed that durum wheat produces less yield than bread wheat, the results of national uniformity tests conducted in recent years have shown that not only the yield of durum wheat is not lower than that of bread wheat but also the promising lines of durum wheat has an increase in yield in the conditions of the tests. If we consider a 20% increase in the price of its grain, the development and promotion of its cultivation in tense areas can provide more economic benefits for the producers and the country. The production of crop cultivars with appropriate characteristics, high yields, and stable production is one of the main goals of wheat breeding programs. Therefore, the identification of suitable lines and cultivars for cultivation in each geographical region is of special importance. It is possible to achieve such a goal by evaluating the set of new lines of each plant in each region. According to the special program of the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), which plans to increase the self-reliance coefficient of wheat for the introduction of new varieties, this study also aims to obtain more productive and promising durum wheat genotypes in the northern region of Khuzestan province. Methods: To identify the best durum wheat lines in terms of yield and other agricultural traits, an experiment was carried out during two 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 crop years in the research farm of Safiabad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Dezful. New durum wheat lines (n = 76) were evaluated observationally along with three control varieties Aran, Hana, and Mehregan in the first year and 37 best lines of the first year were evaluated in the form of an alpha lattice design, along with three control varieties, in the second year. In addition to seed yield, other important agricultural traits, including heading date, physiological maturity date, length of seed filling period, lodging rate, plant height, and 1000 kernel weight, were calculated and considered in the final selection. For the results of each year, statistical parameters (indices of central tendency) were measured using Excel software. The correlation between traits was measured using SPSS software. In addition, MetaR software was used to analyze the variance of the Alphalatis design. To group the tested lines, a dendrogram was drawn using the Ward method and SPSS software. Results: The results of the trait analysis in the first year showed that the tested lines had a very high variety so that their yield ranged from 5883 kg/ha for the weakest line to 8350 kg/ha for the best line, and the average yield of all tested lines was 7231 kg/ha. In addition, the average yield of 37 selected lines in the second year was about 6423 kg/ha, which was about one ton less than the yield of the same lines in the first year (7397 kg/ha). One of the main reasons for this decrease in yield can be attributed to the increase in the temperature of March in the second year (20 °C) compared to the first year (16 °C), which caused the average grain filling period from 49.3 days in the first year to reach 45.1 days in the second year. Finally, according to the total measured traits of each line during two crop years and cluster analysis, lines 6, 38, 57, 58, 59, and 73 were selected as the best lines. The yields of these lines were 8350, 8303, 7917, 7537, 8000, and 8130 kg/ha in the first year, and 6933, 6917, 6775, 7045, 7178, and 6815 kg/ha in the second year, respectively. The average yields of Aran, Hana, and Mehregan controls were 7207, 7148, and 7109 kg/ha in the first year, and 5698, 6208, and 5927 kg/ha in the second year, respectively. The dendrogram drawn using the total of the measured traits placed the 40 studied lines in three different groups, each of which had two subgroups. An important point about the cluster analysis is that the selected top lines (6, 38, 57, 58, 59, and 73) are placed in one group, and only line 61 is added to them. Conclusion: In the pedigree study of the top lines, a common parent named PLATA was found in the pedigree of the four lines, which probably made these lines superior to the other tested lines. According to these results, it is possible to propose and implement the use of this line to improve the wheat breeding program in the hot and dry areas of the south.

The eucoiline genusHexacola Foerster, 1869 is present in the Afrotropical, Neotropical, Holarctic and Ethiopian regions, as well as Oceania. In this paper, three species are reported for the first time in Argentina: Hexacola hexatoma(Hartig 1841), Hexacola bifarium Quinlan, 1986 and Hexacola bonaerensisReche, nom. nov. proposed to replace Hexacola fuscipes (Kieffer 1908) by homonymy withHexacola fuscipes (Kieffer 1907). Their redescriptions are provided. Species from Argentina are parasitoids of Ephydridae and Chloropidae (Diptera). New distribution data, new host records and a key for Argentinian species are provided. Photographs of diagnostic characters and georeference of locality of collections are included. The material examined is deposited in the collection of the División Entomología, Museo de La PLATA (Argentina).

The present paper reviews and analyzes Plato's view on moral development.Although contemporary psychologists conducted the first scientific research on moral development and its relationship with intellectual development, historical evidence shows that it was Plato who first discussed the concept of moral development and its relationship with intellectual development. As a virtue-oriented philosopher, PLATA explains his theory about moral and epistemic development through a normative perspective and regards moral development as the result of multilateral development of man's existential dimensions, while psychologists descriptively discuss about the way of mind development, man's moral judgments and their interrelationships. Considering virtues as the thrust of his theory, Plato tries to promote personal character by using the methods which are based on suggestion, habit, imitating models and narrating exemplary narrations in low stages of education, and deal with the development of the power of thinking and vision through teaching mathematics and dialectic in higher stages, so that an individual will be capable to differentiate correct from incorrect and actualize the correct. The present paper seeks to study the nature of moral development in Plato's view based on his moral and epistemic theory, and elaborate on the most important philosophical foundations, principles, factors and methods of his educational method.

This research was undertaken to study genetic diversity among 25 wheat genotypes (21 durum wheat breeding lines, two durum wheat landraces Zardak and Gerdish, Saji durum wheat cultivar and Sardari bread wheat landrace) based on agro-physiological traits under rainfed conditions in research farm of Dryland Agricultural Research Sub-Institute (Sararood station) during 2011-12 cropping season. The genotypes were also investigated based on molecular markers in biotechnology laboratory of Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran. The results of ANOVA and mean comparisons indicated significant differences among genotypes for most of the studied traits. Genotypes No.11 (18E-BCRIS/BICUM) and 10 (18E-BCB509CHILE/SOMAT-3.1) had the highest and lowest yield productivity, respectively. Cluster and discriminate analyses, based on the traits entered in stepwise regression analysis, classified the genotypes in four groups. Evaluation of genetic diversity by eleven ISSR primers indicated that the most polymorphic information content (PIC) belonged to primer No.6 (PIC=0.36) and the least one belonged to primers No.1 and 5 (PIC=0.22). Cluster analysis using UPGMA and based on dice similarity coefficient (DSC) classified the genotypes in three major groups, where the genotype No.25 (Sardari bread wheat) was classified in a distinct group. Based on DSC, the genotypes No.9 (18E- CAMAYO) and 10 had the highest similarity coefficient and the least one was observed between the genotypes No.1 (18E-SORA/2*PLATA) and 25 (Sardari).

To estimate the optimum and effective amount of nitrogen fertilizer for quantity and quality improvement of three new durum wheat lines, this research was conducted in Gachsaran Dry-land Agricultural Research Station for a duration of 4 years (2003- 2007). The study was performed as a factorial expriment, using a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Two factors of: 4 nitrogen rates [0 (N0), 25 (N25), 50 (N50) and 75 (N75) kg ha-1] and three durum wheat lines (L1: 43210 Karaj (Capieti), L 2: MNA-1/RMF7 and L3: SORA/2 * PLATA-12) were taken into condsideration. Results indicated that nitrogen rates exherted significant effects on plant height, spike length, number of spikes/m2, number of grains/m2, harvest index, grain yield as well as grain protein content. There was a significant difference among these three lines in the above respects. Capieti (L1) bore a higher number of grains per spike (50.52), harvest index (46.15%), higher grain yield (3.491 t. ha-1) and grain protein content (11.63%) followed by line L2. Among these lines, L 2 had a higher plant height (86 cm) and with respect to spike length, the two lines of L2 and L3 produced the longer and the shorter spikes respectively. On the other hand, nitrogen rates presented significant differences in all the evaluated traits with the exception of 1000-grain weight and harvest index. Higher grain yield (3.85 t. ha-1) and higher grain protein content (12%) were obtained from the nitrogen treatment of N75. The study on relation of grain yield and harvest index indicated that for each 1% increment of harvest index, grain yield increased approximately 0.076 t ha-1. Finally, to obtain higher grain yield per unit area, higher grain protein content and for prevention of further environmental pollution caused by inappropriate application of nitrogenous fertilizers, a pure nitrogen rate of 75 kg ha-1 with application at planting time is recommended for these new lines at this site as well as for other similar regions.

    ABSTRACT Sedimentation and erosion are among the most significant issues that pose serious challenges in coastal areas. The consequences of these phenomena include reduced lifespan of ports, continuous dredging, and high costs. When ports experience sedimentation, engineering solutions are required. Predicting the rate and pattern of sediment deposition in the access channel and the basin of ports enables better cost management. The objective of this study is to numerically model the hydrodynamic and morphological effects using the open-source numerical model TELEMAC in the Strait of Khuran and Shahid Rajaei Port, located in the Persian Gulf. For this purpose, water surface elevations at open boundaries were provided to the model, obtained from a calibrated MIKE21 model. The hydrodynamic model was executed, and the output included velocity and water surface elevation. Additionally, the sediment transport model GAIA was coupled with the hydrodynamic model and executed. The sediment model output includes bed level changes and suspended sediment concentrations. Finally, the simulated model was validated using measurement data, confirming that the dominant flow is tidal, parallel to the coast, and reaches a maximum velocity of 2 meters per second. The water surface elevation modeled by TELEMAC indicates that localized maximum water levels reach up to 4 meters. Wind speeds rarely reach 5 meters per second in the Khuran channel, and therefore, their influence on the currents is minimal. The results from the sediment model demonstrate that the intensity of sediment deposition in the port area and the access channel is higher in the central and eastern parts of the Strait of Khuran, as well as in the western area of Shahid Rajaei Port.   INTRODUCTION   Sedimentation in ports due to longshore transport current is estimated using state of the art hydrodynamic models; e.g. in Rotterdam port in the Netherlands (Sjoerd de Groot, 2018), Hamburg port in Germany (Kuijper et al., 2005) and Shanghai port in China (Song and Wang, 2013). Such a numerical system includes simulation of longshore currents, waves, sediment transport, and changes in morphology (Cialone, 1991). TELEMAC-MASCARET is one of the open source models that can be used for such applications and this model has been used in this study using GAIA sediment module which can be used to assess the sediment dynamics in case of cohesive materials (Giardino et al., 2009; Santoro et al., 2017), none cohesive bed materials (Luo et al., 2013) or their combinations (Van, 2012). The model was used for sedimentation around Shahid Rajaee Port which is one of the most important ports in Iran.   MATERIALS AND METHODS Khuran Channel is located between Qeshm Island and the mainland of Iran. The main driving force for current and sedimentation is the tide in this area. The TELEMAC-2D was employed to determine the hydrodynamics and the GAIA module was used for estimation of sedimentation and erosion. The boundary conditions were determined from a global MIKE21 model in terms of the time series of water elevation. The mesh file includes 21640 nodes and 42116 elements. The simulation period was from 22/10/2009 to 18/01/2010 with 4 sec time step. Wind data from the ECMWF ERA5 dataset were prepared and meteo. f and idwm_t2d.f files were modified accordingly to include wind effects in the model. The bed friction was included using Strickler’s coefficient.   RESULTS The current velocity showed a high current speed (as high as ~2 m/s) in the Khuran Channel which is in agreement with previous studies (Khosravi et al., 2018, Mahmoudov et al., 2011). The time series of water level and current speed were in good agreement with in situ measurements at Rahaee and Dargahan stations when Strickler’s number of 50 was used in the model. Twelve configurations were considered for the sediment module by changing the critical shear stresses for deposition and erosion, mud concentration, the initial thickness of the mud, fall velocity for mud flocs, and sediment density. Scenario number 6 with shear stresses of 0.15 and 0.3 Pa for critical shear stresses, 60 g/l of mud concentration with an initial thickness of 3.5 cm with a density of 1650 provided the best agreement with bed level change obtained from periodic dredging operation.   DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION  The water level lagged velocity peak by 2-3 hours at Pohl and Rahaee stations which shows the tidal signal has progressive waves nature. Sedimentation of ~9 cm/year was determined for the Shahid Rajaee port. The western part of the basin has more sedimentation than its eastern part.        REFERENCES: Sjoerd D.G, 2018. Suspended Sediment Modelling in the Port of Rotterdam.2108, Master's Thesis, Delft University of Technology. Kuijper, C., Christiansen, H., Cornelisse, J. M. and Winterwerp, J. C., 2005. Reducing harbor siltation. II: Case study of Parkhafen in Hamburg. Journal of waterway, port, coastal, and ocean engineering, 131(6), pp 267-276. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2005)131:6(267) Song, D. and Wang, X.H., 2013. Suspended sediment transport in the Deepwater Navigation Channel, Yangtze River Estuary, China, in the dry season 2009: 2. Numerical simulations, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans,118, pp.5568–5590. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20411. Cialone, M.A., 1991. Coastal modeling system (CMS) user’s manual. Giardino, A., Ibrahim, I., Adam, S., Toorman, E., and Monbaliu, J., 2009. Hydrodynamics and cohesive sediment transport in the Ijzer estuary, Belgium: Case study. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 135, pp.176–184. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2009)135:4(176). Santoro, P., Fossati, M., Tassi, P., Huybrechts, N., Pham Van Bang, D., and Piedra-Cueva, J., 2017. A coupled wave–current–sediment transport model for an estuarine system: Application to the Río De La PLATA and Montevideo Bay. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 52, pp.107–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2017.07.004 Luo, J., Li, M., Sun, Z., and OC´onnor, B., 2013. Numerical modelling of hydrodynamics and sand transport in the tide-dominated coastal-to-estuarine region. Marine Geology, 342, pp.14–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marge o.2013.06.004. Van, L. A., 2012. Numerical modelling of sand-mud mixtures settling and transport processes: application to morphodynamic of the Gironde estuary (France). PhD thesis, Université Paris-Est. Khosravi, M., Siadatmousavi, S.M., Chegini, V., and Vennell, R., 2018. Across-channel distribution of the mean and tidal flows in the Khuran Channel, Persian Gulf, Iran. International Journal of Maritime Technology, 10, pp.1-6. https://doi.org/1 10.29252/ijmt.10.1 Mahmoudov, M., V. Chegini, and M. Montazeri Namin, 2011. Three-dimensional simulation of qeshm channel currents, Journal of The Persian Gulf, Vol (2), No 3, pp 1-8