Aim: The present study tried to find the proper bonding and debonding technique to preserve the natural enamel surface and avoid discoloration.Methods: Sixty newly extracted human premolars were randomly divided into three groups, and three orthodontic adhesives were applied to bond the brackets: chemically cured System 1 Plus adhesive (Ormco, USA) (CC), light-cured resin (Transbond XT, 3Munitek, USA) (LC), and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Fuji Japan) (GI). The specimens were immersed in black tea for one week and debonded. Four prophylactic methods were applied to remove residual resin: 1) tungsten carbide bur (TC), 2) tungsten carbide bur + Sof-Lex polisher (TC + SL), 3) tungsten carbide bur + One Gloss Polisher (TC + OG), and 4) tungsten carbide bur + POGO polisher (TC + PG). The enamel color was measured according to the CIE standard system (Commission International de l’Eclairage) by Konica Minolta CS Spectroradiometer equipment twice: 1) natural enamel color before bonding and 2) after bonding, staining, debonding, and polishing. The ΔE value is the tooth discoloration, which is measured from the mean Δa*, Δb*, and ΔL* values using the following formula ΔE = [(ΔL*)2 + (Δa*)2 + (Δb*)2]1/2 for each group. Then, it was statistically analyzed using a t-test.Results: Regarding adhesive materials, CC adhesive showed higher discoloration than LC in all the polishing methods. The lowest discoloration was observed in GI. The highest ΔE* values were obtained using TC only, which was deemed insufficient to remove the residual adhesives.Conclusion: Applying TC + Sof-Lex and TC + POGO equally enhanced the results; therefore, they were the best polishing methods.

Introduction: People are eager to obtain medical information. Existing web search engines cannot handle medical search well because they do not consider its special requirements. One way to restore data in the fields related to medicine is using the search engines that are designed specifically for medical information. This study was performed to compare the level of efficiency of specialized and technical search engines in retrieving documents concerning the obstetrics and gynecological diseases.Methods: To do so, a comparative method was used. Thus, some consultations were made with the obstetricians and the gynecologists, and five keywords related to women's diseases were chosen and searched at five engines i.e. Honsearch (Medhunt), Omni, POGO Frog, Search Medica, and Trip Database. The required data for this research were collected via a checklist. The first 10 retrieval results of each restoring engine were investigated via the checklist including 47 constituents. The checklist was examined by five experts and professors of Library and Information Sciences. Those questions, which needed to be reviewed for correction, were revised. Thereby, the validity of checklist was confirmed. In this study, the significance level was considered 0.05 (P<0.05) or the coefficient of trust was equal to 95%.Results: Among 250 retrieved documents Search Medica with 94% of items retrieved was in the top and POGO Frog with 78% of items retrieved stood in the second place. In addition, given the precision, Search Medica with 94% placed in top and POGO Frog with 92% was in the second place. In terms of retrieving, no significant difference was observed among the medical search engines. In connection with the authority level of the retrieved resources, the highest authority went to POGO Frog with 66% and Search Medica with 44% was placed in the second level. Regarding search possibilities and potentials, Med Hunt with score 25 gained the highest rank.Conclusion: Totally, more than half of the retrieved results (75%) in the field of medical search engines were relevant. In order to obtain more specific results, users are advised to search information about gynecological diseases in Search Medica engine which provides enormous potential benefits in retrieving more accurate and relevant documents where broad coverage across a variety of subject areas are encompassed.

Background: Nausea and vomiting are among the most important side-effects associated with chemotherapy in children with cancer, affecting the quality of their lives. Clinical guidelines for selecting antiemetics are effective in reducing acute chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Materials and Methods: The present quasi-experimental study compared the effectiveness of the Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario (POGO) CINV guideline with that of conventional arbitrary therapies for CINV in 82 children aged 6 months to 16 years old. Out of 177 cycles of chemotherapy, in 101 cycles patients were treated according to POGO-CINV Guideline,in the other 76 cycles, patients were treated with arbitrary types and doses of antiemetics. Then, vomiting in the first 24 hours after chemotherapy in both groups was measured and compared. Results: In this study, 82 patients hospitalized in the Hematology Department of Dr. Sheikh Children’, s Hospital were enrolled, of whom 48 patients (58. 7%) were boys and 34 (41. 3%) were girls. The mean age of patients was 6. 24±, 4. 47 years (6 months to 16 years). The results of the current study showed that using a protocol for the prevention of vomiting based on the patient’, s age and the type of chemotherapy is superior to conventional management of CINV. Findings showed that the frequency of nausea and vomiting in the protocol group was significantly reduced in comparison with the control group (p˂, 0. 005). Moreover, a reduction in the frequency of nausea and vomiting was quite significant in the sub-categories of the protocol group who had received high-risk or moderate-risk emetogenic drugs (p˂, 0. 005). Conclusion: The results of the current study showed that using the POGO guideline, which takes into account the patient’, s age and the type of chemotherapy, is more effective than arbitrary management of CINV, particularly in children.

Purpose: One of the ways of information retrieval in the field of Medicine is using special search engines which are designed for this purpose. The present research intends to compare recall and precision of these search engines in respect to Obstetrics and Gynecology diseases.Methodology: The method used is comparative study. To follow this method, some consultations were made with the obstetricians and the gynecologists, and five keywords were chosen. The search engines include Hon Search, Omni, POGO Frog, Search Medica, and Trip Database. They were then compared with the criteria: recall and precision.Findings: The first 10 retrieved results of each search engine were studied. Then, they were compared with recall and precision formula. The results showed that Search Medica with 94% precision and 20.6% recall retrieved the most documents and stands in the first rank. From precision point of view, Search Medica with 94% stands in top and POGO Frog with 92% stands in the second rank.Conclusion: Each one of the special medical search engines has its own capabilities and facilities, strengths and weaknesses, but among the studied search engines in terms of their recall, no significant difference was observed among the Medical search engines with the mean of 20.8.

This research discusses the effect of simultaneous usage of Propellant Utilization (PU) system and Flight Apparent Velocity Regulation (AVR) system. These systems were used for sending OBC commands to engine for adapting the engine working regime with flight conditions and fame to active control systems. Each of the PU and AVR systems has an effective role in access to final parameters such as mass and velocity at the end of active phase and simultaneous usage of these systems leads to increased range accuracy and payload mass. We study these effects on final parameters in this paper. Therefore, with dynamic simulation of liquid propellant engine during active phase in flight simulator, sending commands of these systems to change the engine working regime are provided. For a specific mission, results show that using the PU, range increased and presence of AVR is assisted to reach this range in front of disturbance during the flight. Another important result of this research is the payload mass increased for a specific mission with simultaneous usage of PU and AVR systems.

Background: Accidents leading to drowning are uncommon, and limited information is available on drownings associated with road traffic accidents. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the challenges, risk factors, escape strategies, and general recommendations related to vehicle immersion in natural waters. Method: This systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA-SCR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. A comprehensive literature search using relevant keywords was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, SID, and Magiran databases up to July 2024. Articles were selected based on inclusion criteria, and after removing duplicates and screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, 22 articles were analyzed. Results: The findings indicated that the challenges of vehicle drowning include difficulties in identifying the cause of death, ineffective action protocols, and delays in the immediate dispatch of rescue efforts for drowning vehicles. Risk factors associated with vehicle immersion include distraction, driver drowsiness, high speed, accidents, parking on riverbeds and seabeds, and driving on ice or roads near water. Escape strategies involve the "POGO" method (fasten seat belt, open or break windows, and exit), the "SWOC" method (fasten seat belt, open or break windows, exit the vehicle, with priority given to children), and general safety measures such as fastening seat belts, rolling down windows, unlocking car doors, and climbing out. Additionally, general recommendations for drivers include keeping a small metal hammer in the car for breaking windows, avoiding travel during storms, and refraining from driving on flooded roads. Conclusion: The results indicate that public awareness of vehicle drowning incidents is low. Enhancing public education, improving road design, adding proper markings and lighting, installing guardrails, providing flood warnings, promoting cautious driving practices, and updating current protocols could help reduce such accidents.