PROSPERITY Theology is the teaching that believers have a right to the blessings of health and wealth and that they can obtain these blessings through positive confessions of faith and the “ sowing of seeds” through the faithful payment of tithes and offerings. However, the literature reveals that most adherents to the PROSPERITY gospel are not prospering financially and PROSPERITY preachers have been accused of feeding fat from the donations of church members. Even at that, millions of persons still cling to the PROSPERITY gospel. Employing Max Weber’ s The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, a survey of 300 respondents was carried out aimed at examining the proposition that poverty and illiteracy are factors encouraging continuous adherence to the theology of PROSPERITY. It also examined the accusation that PROSPERITY preachers’ wealth is largely dependent on their congregants’ donations. The study reveals that poverty and illiteracy are associated with continuous adherence to the PROSPERITY gospel. It also indicates that PROSPERITY preachers usually enrich themselves largely from the donations of their congregants. Practical recommendations were thereafter submitted on how the problems gleaned from the study could be ameliorated.

Introduction: The rapid growth of population in the world, especially in developing countries, has led to many problems. Issues that, more than anything else, have led to the physical expansion of cities, the decline in the quality of the urban environment, and instability. in 2012, UN-Habitat a new approach to urban development. A holistic and integrated approach to promote welfare and play a public role. This new approach helps cities better manage the city's future in the economic, political, social and environmental spheres. This approach, called urban PROSPERITY, A prosperous city is one that provides productivity, infrastructure, quality of life, social inclusion, and environmental sustainability. On the other hand, in many cities, the degree of social stability of citizens and urban areas depends on the indicators of urban PROSPERITY prevailing in those areas. A sustainable city achieves a dynamic balance between economic, environmental and socio-cultural components. Accordingly, in this study, urban PROSPERITY and social sustainability as well as the effect of urban PROSPERITY on social sustainability in Khorramabad are investigated. Methodology: The research method is descriptive-analytical in nature and applied in terms of purpose. Research data were collected in two ways: documentary and field. The statistical population of the study is the residents of Khorramabad, which was selected as a sample size using Cochran's formula of 364 people by simple random method. Questionnaires were designed according to the number of population among the residents of 24 districts of Khorramabad. Multivariate t-test was used to measure the variables of urban PROSPERITY and social sustainability and multivariate regression test was used to evaluate the effect of urban PROSPERITY indicators on social sustainability in Khorramabad. Results and discussion: The results showed that the indicators of PROSPERITY in the city of Khorramabad are moderate. The value of the test in the research variables is 3 and the average of the infrastructure and environmental sustainability index variable according to Table 3 is more than 3. In this regard, the average index of productivity, quality of life and social inclusion is less than 3. Therefore, according to the significance level, which is less than 0. 05, it can be said that the situation of urban PROSPERITY in terms of infrastructure and environmental sustainability indicators is moderately to high. In terms of productivity, inclusion and social inclusion, the status of urban PROSPERITY is evaluated downwards and the mean of the quality of life index variable is less than 3 because the lower limit is negative and the upper limit is positive, so the average value obtained by the test is (3). And there is no significant difference between them. Therefore, it can be said that the situation of quality of life index in Khorramabad is evaluated as moderate. On the other hand, the results of measuring urban sustainability indicators were also evaluated at an average level. Given that the value of the test in the research variables is 3 and the average of the social stability index variable is dependence coefficient, social interaction, social capital status, honesty in social behaviors and participation in local activities according to Table 4, so It can be said that the social stability of these indicators in the city of Khorramabad is assessed as above average. In this regard, the average of the variables of responsibility and civil or institutional trust according to the table is less than 3 because the lower limit is negative and the upper limit is positive, so the average value obtained by the test is equal to (3) and there is no significant difference between them. Therefore, these variables are evaluated as average. Also, the variables of satisfaction with the level of access to services, sense of belonging, interpersonal trust, hours of volunteering, transparency, insurance, social justice and education and research according to the table are less than 3 because the lower and upper limits are both negative. And the significance level is less than 0. 05, so the mean obtained is less than the value of test (3) and there is no significant difference between them. Therefore, the status of social stability of these variables in the city of Khorramabad has a low status. On the other hand, the spatial distribution of urban PROSPERITY scores and social stability at the district level indicates the correlation (r = 0. 873) between these two concepts. In other words, the areas that had a higher or lower than average score in terms of PROSPERITY, mainly in the field of social sustainability, had the same procedure. Also, based on the results of linear regression, productivity indices with 0. 383, quality of life with 0. 352, infrastructure 0. 297, environmental sustainability 0. 204, and social inclusion with 0. 186, respectively, have had the greatest effect on social sustainability. Conclusion: The results of the tests show that the concept of urban PROSPERITY, which has been mentioned by the international community, has a challenge in the city of Khorramabad. This challenge arises from at least two cases, 1. Low level of score of some indicators from the middle level such as productivity and inclusion and social inclusion, 2. Imbalance and harmony between the dimensions (wheel blades) of PROSPERITY. The results showed that the indicators of PROSPERITY in the city of Khorramabad are moderate. On the other hand, the results of measuring urban sustainability indicators were also evaluated at an average level. However, changes in the indicators measured at the area level are tangible. On the other hand, the spatial distribution of urban PROSPERITY scores and social stability at the district level indicates the correlation (r = 0. 873) between these two concepts. As in the case of areas with higher or lower than average scores in terms of PROSPERITY, mainly in the field of social sustainability have had the same procedure. Also, based on the results of linear regression, productivity indices with 0. 383, quality of life with 0. 352, infrastructure 0. 297, environmental sustainability 0. 204, and social inclusion with 0. 186 had the most effect on social sustainability, respectively.

 Extended AbstractIntroductionThe metropolis of Isfahan faces significant challenges stemming from indiscriminate and uncoordinated development, rapid industrial expansion, increased immigration, and a range of associated issues, including construction on unsuitable land, rising service costs, escalating air pollution, neglect of structural improvement and renovation, and the proliferation of marginalized areas. If these trends persist, they will profoundly alter the city's physical landscape, environmental integrity, social fabric, and economic dynamics. Addressing these challenges necessitates a comprehensive reassessment of macro-management strategies and the integration of innovative planning tools. Futures research, as a forward-thinking approach, offers a process-oriented framework that aligns planning practices with sustainable development outcomes. The objective of this study is to identify the key drivers and critical factors influencing the development and PROSPERITY of the Isfahan metropolis through a futures research perspective. The study further examines the interrelationships among these factors and their collective impact on Isfahan’s future trajectory, laying the groundwork for scenario development and subsequent strategic planning. The primary research question guiding this investigation is: What are the most optimistic and pessimistic scenarios for the PROSPERITY of the Isfahan metropolis? By addressing this question, the study seeks to provide actionable insights for formulating strategies, policies, and planning frameworks that facilitate the realization of desirable future scenarios.Literature ReviewA review of internal and external studies on urban PROSPERITY reveals the following findings:Ahadnejad et al. (2017) analyzed the urban development components of the Tabriz metropolis using the cross-effects analysis technique. Their findings indicate that Tabriz possesses an unstable urban system.Jahani et al. (2021) concluded that Ardabil is in a relatively weak state concerning the urban PROSPERITY index, particularly based on the quality-of-life indicator. Their study highlights that urban facilities are predominantly concentrated in the city center, resulting in a decline in the urban PROSPERITY index from the central areas to the city's outskirts.Arimah (2016) demonstrated that effective development and management of infrastructure can significantly enhance urban PROSPERITY in African cities. Key benefits include facilitating economic growth, improving urban mobility, ensuring greater access to healthcare and education, enhancing safety and security, directing urban growth, raising environmental quality, improving housing conditions, and reducing intra-city disparities.Narayanan et al. (2021) revealed that in Indian cities, income levels, public services, and housing have a significant positive impact on urban sustainability, whereas natural amenities and crime rates exhibit significant negative effects.Although extensive research has been conducted on urban development both in Iran and internationally, limited attention has been devoted to scenario-based approaches for urban development. This gap underscores the necessity of employing futures research methodologies, particularly scenario planning, to explore the future trajectory of urban PROSPERITY in the Isfahan metropolis. By addressing this critical issue, the current study seeks to provide valuable insights into metropolitan management strategies, thereby contributing to the enhancement of urban conditions and the elevation of the global urban PROSPERITY index.MethodologyThis research is applied in purpose and adopts a descriptive-analytical approach for data collection and analysis. To gather information on the theoretical foundations and research literature, a documentary and library-based method was employed. Additionally, field methods were utilized to collect primary data for analyzing and addressing the main research question. The statistical population of the study consists of experts relevant to the research topic at all stages. To identify key drivers, in-depth interviews were conducted with subject-matter experts. The Delphi method was subsequently employed to extract indicators and variables influencing urban PROSPERITY. The cross-effects matrix method was utilized to examine the interrelationships and mutual influences of the identified factors. Based on the results of this analysis and the identification of critical variables, scenarios were systematically developed to explore potential future outcomes.Results and DiscussionThis study employed a two-stage Delphi method to identify the primary drivers of urban development in Isfahan, building on prior research conducted in this domain. Through this process, 66 variables across six dimensions were identified as influential factors impacting the PROSPERITY of Isfahan metropolis. Subsequently, the structural analysis method was applied using MicMac software to determine the principal and key drivers shaping the city's future trajectory. The distribution of variables influencing the development and PROSPERITY of Isfahan revealed systemic instability. Ultimately, 14 critical factors were identified among the 66 examined variables using direct and indirect analysis methods. To develop potential scenarios, the descriptions of these 14 key drivers were structured into a matrix following the CIB coding rules and presented to 10 experts for evaluation. Based on their input, 42 possible states for the future of Isfahan were identified. Using the Scenario Wizard software, a total of 4,782,969 combined scenarios were generated, offering a comprehensive foundation for exploring future possibilities for the city's development.ConclusionThe analysis indicates that three potential scenarios are most likely to shape the future urban PROSPERITY of Isfahan. The first scenario represents an ideal, progressive state characterized by favorable conditions. The second scenario reflects an intermediate condition, with relatively positive yet less optimal outcomes. In contrast, the third scenario presents a critical and unfavorable situation, marked by significant challenges for the city's urban PROSPERITY. Among these scenarios, the first scenario is identified as the most favorable, while the third scenario represents the least favorable outcome for Isfahan. This suggests that the realization of the third scenario, with its critical conditions, is the least likely in the future development of the city.

Small and medium industries are considered as the critical platforms for entrepreneurship growth. Examining and identifying initiatives for developing small and medium-sized sports businesses in Iran can greatly contribute to the progress of this field. Therefore, this research aims to identify the initiatives for the PROSPERITY of small and medium sports businesses in Iran. This study is a qualitative and exploratory research. The participants included faculty members in sports management, marketing, and managers and other sports experts interviewed through a purposeful sampling approach. To collect data, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted and finally theoretical saturation was achieved with 25 interviews. To analyze the data, the thematic analysis method was used. The results show that the initiatives for developing small and medium-sized sports businesses in Iran consist of five main categories, including “economic measures, communication-information initiatives, practical training, support structure, and internal organizational policies”. Finally, according to the initiatives for the PROSPERITY of small and medium sports businesses, it might be necessary to implement the necessary measures and appropriate programs in this field to deal with the situation efficiently.

The main purpose of this article is to review the comparative analysis of the effects of the PROSPERITY index on income distribution in the selected middle income and high income countries. This paper is an applied, causal and deductive research. The results of the fixed effects model show that the PROSPERITY index has a negative and significant effect on the Gini coefficient (as an index for income distribution) in the selected countries during the period 2016-2009. The results also declare that the PROSPERITY index has a stronger effect on the Gini coefficient among selected middle income countries compared to the high income countries. This result asserts the weaker PROSPERITY atmosphere in the middle-income countries, and also shows that any improvement in PROSPERITY index has a bigger effect on income distribution compared to the high income countries. PROSPERITY has a big role in economic performances because it stimulates intelligence, ability and motivation resulting in higher productivity, economic growth and better income distribution. While, sadness and pain cause indifference and indolence, thus reduces productivity. Results also show that the size of the government and the unemployment rate has positive and significant effects, and ICT has a negative and significant effect on the Gini coefficient (as an indicator for income distribution). Moreover, the results conclude that the government size, unemployment rate, and the ICT have stronger effects on the Gini coefficient the middle income countries compared to the high income countries.

The koranic viewpoint regarding the religious pluralism has beenstudied in this article. what is considered in this article will be thephilosophic, cognitive pluralism and the truth. some verses of the gloriouskoran have been invoked by pluralists, therefore, they believe that the truthof other religions' claims is confirmed according to them. However, it willbe revealed in this writing that those verses which have been invoked bypluralists, don't express their claim. Here, we have tried to describe thepluralists' viewpoint and argument concerning each of those koranic versesand then to critivile their viwepoint and argument.