This paper discusses an adaptation of MODAL analysis concepts to time-varying periodic systems. It will be shown that the PSEUDO-MODAL PARAMETERS preserve certain properties of the conventional MODAL PARAMETERS defined for LTI systems. For this reason, after definition of PSEUDO MODAL PARAMETERS for time varying systems, a new MODAL analysis method will be introduced in time domain AND it will be shown that these PARAMETERS can explain the nature of system. for periodic time varying systems, STATE TRANSITION matrices are formed by an ensemble set of responses which are obtained through multiple experiments on the system with the sometime varying behavior. In next step the PSEUDO natural frequencies of a beam with moving mass using introduced method will be extracted. Finally, it will be proved that for a linear time periodic system, the PSEUDO natural frequency treats periodic too.

In this paper, an alternative approach in operational MODAL analysis is presented, utilizing image processing technique AND transmissibility functions. Imaging sensors do not impose additional mass on the structure due to their non-contact nature, while transmissibility functions, independent of excitation type, can directly extract mode shapes. The innovation of this research lies in combining these two techniques to record dynamic responses AND identify MODAL properties. To capture the temporal response history from video signals, the block-matching method with sub-pixel accuracy was employed. Validation was conducted by recording the response of the tip of a cantilevered steel beam subjected to impact excitation, using a high-speed camera AND a laser vibrometer, simultaneously. The RMSE plots in the time domain AND the PSD in the frequency domain indicate high accuracy of this method. Using this approach, the displacement time histories of various points on the structure were extracted from the video signals, AND the MODAL properties, including natural frequencies, damping ratios, AND mode shapes, were identified using the transmissibility MATRIX method. The results obtained from the proposed method were compared with the stochastic subspace identification (SSI) method AND analytical solutions. The findings reveal the accuracy of the MODAL identification approach introduced in this article. The highest relative error in estimating the natural frequencies of the first AND second modes, compared to the values from the laser method, are 0.19% AND 0.13%, respectively, AND in comparison to the analytical values, they are 0.34% AND 1.5%, respectively.

In this paper, we define AND study the MODAL operators on PSEUDO-BE algebras as special cases of closure operators on these structures. We prove that the composition of two MODAL operators is a MODAL operator if AND only if they commute. For the particular case of a good PSEUDO-BCK algebra an equivalent definition of the MODAL operators is given, AND the notion of a strong MODAL operator is introduced AND studied. We also define the notions of MODAL deductive systems AND MODAL homomorphisms on PSEUDO-BE algebras AND we investigate their properties. It is proved that, if two MODAL operators have the same image, then they coincide. Also, given a normal MODAL deductive system H of a distributive MODAL PSEUDO-BE algebra (A; f) we construct a MODAL operator on the quotient PSEUDO-BE algebra A=H.

Facilities built in areas affected by earthquake activity, such as tunnels, which have always been an integral part of human life, must withstAND both dynamic AND static loading. It has led to the need for practical studies on the effects of earthquakes on underground structures AND the factors affecting their destruction. For this purpose, in this research, at first different patterns of tunnel’s excavation were investigated AND by using Plaxis 2D software AND based on Tabas earthquake in Iran, sensitivity analysis on geotechnical PARAMETERS of the soil surrounding tunnel such as cohesion, friction angle, unit weight AND modulus of elasticity was carried out, AND the PARAMETERS whose changes have the greatest AND least effects on the bending moment changes on the tunnel lining are introduced. The results show that tunnel excavation patterns significantly affect the bending moment, axial forces, displacements, AND surface settlement of the tunnel. Often, by dividing tunnel excavation area to small parts, the values of bending moment, axial forces, displacements, AND surface settlement of the tunnel decreases in static analysis. Also, outputs of sensitivity analysis on geotechnical PARAMETERS of the soil surrounding tunnel showed that modulus of elasticity of the soil surrounding tunnel has the most effect AND cohesion changes have the least effect on bending moment induced on tunnel lining..

Let R be a ring AND V be a MATRIX valuation on R. It is shown that, there exists a correspondence between MATRIX valuations on R AND some special subsets Σ(MVPR) of the set of all square matrices over R, analogous to the correspondence between invariant valuation rings AND abelian valuation functions on a division ring. Furthermore, based on Malcolmson’s localization, an alternative proof for the following result is presented. “There exists a natural bijection between the MATRIX valuations on R AND valuated epic R-fields.”

Widespread immigrant beekeeping activity, inadequate quality queen bee production AND the excess of uncontrolled crossbreeding are great problems for the quality of honey bee races in Türkiye. However, the effects of uncontrolled crossbreeding on the spermatological PARAMETERS are not fully known. In this study, samples were analyzed in terms of morphometric PARAMETERS such as cubital index, hantel index AND discoidal shift. Drones belonging to the same colonies were investigated in terms of spermatological PARAMETERS such as total motility, Plasma Membrane Integrity (PMI), Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (MMP) AND spermatozoa concentration (SCON). The wing index values of the samples were similar to the wing values of some races. Racial similarities rates were50% Caucasian (A. m. caucacia), 49% Anatolian (A. m. anatoliaca), 24% Brown (A. m. mellifera), 13% Italian (A. m. ligustica) AND 8% Carnolian (A. m. carnica). These results showed that the expected Anatolian race in the region had changed greatly AND there is a danger of crossbreeding of bee races (Apis mellifera anatoliaca) in Central Anatolia Region. The averages of spermatological PARAMETERS were 85% motility, 82% PMI, 78% MMP AND 5.9 × 109/ml sperm concentration. In addition, no significant correlative relationship was found between morphometric AND spermatological PARAMETERS (p˃0.05). In this study, the samples of honey bee colonies in the Central Anatolia Region showed rANDom AND uncontrolled crossbreeding among different races. The spermatological PARAMETERS were found to be sufficient for fertility but there was no significant relationship detected statistically between the spermatological AND morphometric PARAMETERS.

The main aim of this paper is to define a new polynomial, say, PSEUDO hyperbolic MATRIX functions, AND PSEUDO Hermite MATRIX polynomials AND to study their properties. Some formulas related to an explicit representation, MATRIX recurrence relations are deduced, differential equations satisfied by them is presented, AND the important role played in such a context by PSEUDO Hermite MATRIX polynomials are underlined.

The electrical behavior of neurons can be more complex in the presence of autapse. In the presence of an autaptic connection, the Izhikevich neuron model can show a variety of dynamic behaviors, such as chaotic behavior. This paper presents a novel, high speed AND robust PSEUDO rANDom number generator based on the autaptic Izhikevich neuron oscillator AND its FPGA implementation. The autaptic Izhikevich neuron model is simulated AND dynamically analyzed. Then, the proposed PSEUDO-rANDom number generator is modeled AND simulated using the Xilinx system generator platform, synthesized using Xilinx Synthesis Tool, AND implemented on the XILINX SPARTAN-6 XC6SLX9 FPGA evaluation board. As a post processing operation, the XOR function is used to increase the rANDomness of the output bit sequences. The FPGA implementation results show that the implementation cost of the proposed PSEUDO-rANDom number generator is lower than similar works, AND the proposed generator achieves a maximum frequency of 63.2 MHz. The NIST test suite is used for testing the quality of the generated bit sequences. The NIST test results indicates the high quality of the generated rANDom bit sequence.

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of adding a mixture of peppermint, thyme AND rosemary essential oils (EOs) in a ratio of (3:1:2), respectively, to the diet, on growth performance, rumen AND blood PARAMETERS of fattening lambs. Twenty-one Mehraban lambs with an average weight of 29.80 kg were rANDomly allocated to one of three diets: 1) control, 2) base diet+1.25ml of EOs AND 3) base diet+2.5ml of EOs. Daily weight gain was greater in the groups receiving the EOs than in the control, although this increase was mainly due to the interactions of treatment over time. Feed consumption AND feed conversion ratio compared to the control did not altered. The total concentrations of VFAs AND acetate in the groups receiving EOs decreased (P<0.05), while the concentration of propionate increased (P<0.05) at the level of 2.5ml of EOs AND isovalerate increased (P<0.05) in both levels of EOs compared to the control. Total population of protozoa, rumen pH AND ammonia nitrogen concentration were not affected by treatments. Glucose concentration increased at high level of EOs (P<0.05). Concentrations of urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, total protein AND albumin did not altered. The number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, number AND percentage of white cells including lymphocytes AND eosinophils were not affected by treatments but the percentage of monocytes decreased (P<0.05) at low level of the EOs. The results of this experiment showed that the addition of mixture of EOs to the diet did not have a significant effect on performance PARAMETERS AND immune system of lambs, although it reduced the total concentration of VFA AND acetate AND increased the concentration of propionate.