Gravity's Rainbow is among the “most widely celebrated, unread novels” of American literature and already “a piece of minor folklore.” Pynchon's genius manifests itself in his uniquely wide range of subject matter and literary techniques of presentation, narration, and interpretation. Gravity's Rainbow is a novel based on various sets of parallels, oppositions and double structures. These parallel patterns are abundant both in the structure of the novel, and in the content, characterization, and themes. In this paper two of these binaries, Paranoia and antiParanoia, are discussed to show how Pynchon enjoys involving his characters and his readers in a cosmos in which no absolute truth and no singular concept can survive on its own; a universe in which certainty is a luxury that no one can reach.

Background: Studies have introduced anxiety as a key factor in the formation and development of paranoid thoughts. Transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral therapy is specifically used for the treatment of emotional disorders, with its particular emphasis on anxiety that can be applied in the treatment of Paranoia. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine whether transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral therapy is effective in reducing the subclinical symptoms of Paranoia. Methods: Participants were recruited from female students in Mashhad universities, Iran, during an eight-month period between October 2016 to May 2017. Healthy participants (n = 30) with subclinical Paranoia (assessed with SCID-I, SCL-90-R and Paranoia scale) were randomly assigned to two groups (GTCBT = 15 and waiting list = 15). Before and after the intervention, paranoid thoughts and their effects in individuals’ mental and social performance were assessed by paranoid scale and work and social adjustment scale. Results: The results of this study support the effectiveness of group trans-diagnostic therapy in decrease paranoid ideation (P = 0. 003) and improve general function (P = 0. 001). Conclusions: This study can be considered as a starting point for further research on the treatment of Paranoia.

The present article attempts to demonstrate how Don DeLillo’, s Libra addresses the lack of social justice because of the domination of Paranoia and conspiracy in the contemporary American society. John Rawls, the late Harvard University professor, has written about a just society and a utopian world in his major works. In Libra, DeLillo explores the assassination of Kennedy by Oswald and its adverse effect on society in general. In this novel, Paranoia is experienced as paranoid schizophrenia, in which sufferers exhibit traits of both of them. Although Libra is based on historical events and real-life figures, it is not an attempt to produce a historically accurate version of these events. DeLillo does not aim to explain what really happened on that day, or establish an unequivocally true account of the assassination conspiracy. Rather, he uses the character of the conspirator Everett’, s young daughter Suzanne to portray the disturbing paranoid state. By combining fragmented reality and evoked paranoid responses DeLillo is producing a work of literature by illustrating how this paranoid schizophrenia breeds social disease. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to illustrate there is no social justice in this paranoid postmodern world.