Background and aim: Ergonomics is a multidisciplinary science dealing with fitting the tools and environments to human. One of the propounded subjects in ergonomics is anthropometry, which measures the human body dimensions in order to have the appropriate dimensions between the equipments and the users. Using anthropometric measurements, valuable data will be achieved which eventually leads to national and regional standards. The main objective of this study is designing anthropometric tools for static anthropometry measurements.Method: Available samples were assessed based on interview with experts in different disciplines and also literature review in on-line databases. Following the assessment of local and exported samples, and according to the analysis of social, environmental, market, practical, static, structure, assembling and material, systematic, standard and packing aspects, the characteristics of an anthropometry device were determined. Results: Examining the pros and cons of available local samples in several academic centres, this was revealed that anthropometry Portable devices should be produced in larger amounts so as to reach the goals. Conclusion: In this study, a Portable anthropometry device was designed for mass production according to anthropometric characteristics of Iranians. This device, due to the design, unique specifications, easy to use, lightness, few pieces used, and suitable costs, could be used in different places.

Rain simulation is a method widely used in detecting hydrological and erosional processes. Most Portable samples have inconvenient and challenging transport, high water consumption, and energy supply. The objective of this study was to design and test a rainfall simulator characterized by the following innovative features: 1) The simulator is easy to be transported and assembled in the field, thereby allowing the necessary experimental replicates, 2) Applicability on different slopes. The first calibration step regarded the spatial distribution of rainfall, the stability of the rainfall intensity, and the reproducibility of the rainfall intensities over time (among successive experiments). Next, the drop size distribution (DSD) and the related rainfall characteristics (median volumetric drop diameter D50 and mean kinetic energy per unit area and unit depth) were evaluated by the flour pellet method. A fluorescent tracer method is used to measure the velocity of falling drops. According to the findings, the Christiansen uniformity coefficient (Cu) of this rainfall simulator varies from 77-87% for rainfall intensities of 35-75 mmh-1. The best rainfall distribution has been achieved for rainfall intensities of 55 and 75 mmh-1, with rain droplet sizes ranging from 0.6 to 3.8 mm. The raindrop velocity was also measured by photo-shooting and revealed a velocity rate of 2.7-5.7 ms-1. The system allows rainfall simulation on the fields and under laboratory conditions. Moreover, erosion, runoff, and sediment production under natural and intact soil conditions can also be examined with the highest possible accuracy

Background: In mechanically ventilated patients, Portable chest radiography (CXR) can provide important information for selecting the optimal therapeutic approach. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacies of Portable recruited chest radiography with maximum inspiratory volume and pause in comparison with conventional Portable radiography. Materials and Methods: This diagnostic accuracy study was conducted on 75 mechanically ventilated patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari, Iran, during 2013-2015. For every patient, in addition to conventional Portable CXR, another CXR was performed with mechanical ventilator adjustments (tidal volume up to 10-12 ml/kg to maintain the inspiratory plateau pressure below 35 cmH2O and inspiratory time of 2-3 seconds). CXR was performed after 5-10 respiratory cycles, synchronized with the inspiratory pause. The radiographs were acquired using a Shimadzu Portable radiography system in the anteroposterior supine position and randomly presented to two radiologists for reporting. Results: The mean age of the patients was 63. 5± 14 years. Overall, 43 (57. 3%) patients were male, and 32 (42. 7%) were female. Therapeutic interventions were performed for only 8% of cases with conventional CXR versus 21. 3% of cases with recruited CXR; the difference was found to be statistically significant (P<0. 05). The diagnostic efficacy of Portable recruited CXR versus conventional Portable CXR was 45% versus 18. 6%. Also, the therapeutic efficacy of Portable recruited CXR versus conventional Portable CXR was 21. 3% versus 8%. Conclusion: Portable recruited CXR seems to be a valuable diagnostic approach for clinical decision-making, with higher diagnostic and therapeutic efficacies in mechanically ventilated patients.

At present, the fruit picking in most countries still largely relies on manual operation. Manual fruit picking can protect the fruits from damage during the operation process. However, it is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and poses a potential safety risk to the workers while working at heights not reachable. Therefore, a variety of fruit picking machines and platforms have been developed and incorporated into fruit production to improve the fruit picking efficiency. However, they are very costly in manufacturing and frequently cause damages to fruit during the fruit picking process. Recently various relatively simple mechanical fruit picking devices have been designed and developed as an alternative for these automatic fruit-picking systems to reduce the manufacturing costs. These devices have been used in fruit production. However, they still have some shortcomings such as poor portability and complex operation. They also lack mechanisms sufficient to avoid damages to fruit to ensure fruit appearance and quality. This study was to invent a Portable and convenient mechanical tool that could be used in combination with manual operation for fruit picking. A Portable scissors-type fruit picking device has been developed, which has two hinged levers designed to drive the closure of the shear blades at the top of fruit picking bowl to cut the fruit pedicel, achieving rapid and safe fruit picking. The Portable scissors-type fruit picking device invented here is an innovation, with a purely mechanical design that has the advantages of ingenious design, simple structure, good portability, ease of operation, and low costs of use. This device is suitable for large-scale application in the field of fruit picking in many countries.

Rain simulation is one of the important methods for measuring hydrological and soil erosion processes. Rapid evaluation and high repeatability capabilities are the advantages of using the rainfall simulator. The weight of constructed simulator is approximately 20 kg, can simulate rainfall at 28 to 95 mm / h intensity on the plot area of one up to three square meters. The droplet diameter was measured using flour pellet method and stain method. Flour pellet method was selected due to higher determination factor, and then its results were applied to continue the study. The highest uniformity coefficient (96. 6%) was obtained at the intensity of 8. 3 cm/h and the lowest coefficient (90. 6%) was obtained at 9. 5 cm/h intensity, which is higher than the acceptable level. The average diameter of the droplets is from 0. 97 mm at intensity of 2. 8 cm/h to 1. 22 mm at 7. 1 cm/ h, which lies within the range of natural precipitation. Also, the range of velocity variations is from 3. 58 to 4. 21 m/s. According to the mentioned specifications, a suitable Portable rainfall simulator was designed with acceptable accuracy for runoff, permeability, erosion and sedimentation studies in field.

A Portable and light pneumatic branch shake system was designed and manufactured in this research for harvesting fruits that can be harvested by shaking branch. Required air flow and electric current are provided for operating system from category containing electrical generator and air compressor on wheelbarrows and Portable chassis. Vibration is equipped by programmable logic controller (PLC) for controlling frequency and it is equipped by pantograph system to change amplitude. First farm test was done on olive with three levels of frequency (8, 12 and 16 Hertz) and three times to shaking (5, 10 and 15 seconds) and in constant amplitude of oscillation 5 cm in completely randomized design with four reduplications and second farm test was performed on olive with three levels of frequency (8, 12 and 16 Hertz) and three amplitudes of oscillation (50, 80 and 100 mm) for a fixed period of 5 s in completely randomized design with four reduplication for determining application of branch shake. Some experiments were done for determining static force separating fruit from branch and for comparing it with dynamic force due to performing vibration, as well. The results showed that oscillatory frequency and duration of shaking out have meaningful effect on one percent level on efficiency of shaking system whereas their interaction was not meaningful effect. Comparison of averages showed that increase of the time of vibration didn''t have meaningful effect on percent of harvesting olive in constant oscillation but increase of oscillation in constant time of vibration had meaningful effect on percent of harvesting. Also the result of indicator was based on meaningful effect of amplitude of oscillation on falling olive. And by comparing averages, it was given that falling olive is increased with increasing frequency in constant amplitudes of oscillation. Also, it was not observed meaningful differences between percent of falling olive with increasing amplitude of oscillation from 50 mm to 80 mm in constant frequencies. But when amplitude of oscillation increases from 80 mm to 100 mm, the percent of falling olive meaningfully increases. Finally, concerning by performing 16 Hz frequency and 100 mm amplitude of oscillation for 5 s, 90 percents of olive were separated from branches, therefore they were selected as the best amplitude, frequency and time of vibration.