Following the widespread acceptance of multiple intelligences theory, Thomas Armstrong (1984), in the initiative action, integrated it with Bloom's taxonomy And enriched the theory. Actually, Armstrong helped remarkable by this integration to classify each of multiple intelligences in each of the six levels of cognitive domain, as well as better planning and targeting and designing curricula and educational content contributed. Armstrong model is in the form of table that the horizontal axis is assigned to the taxonomy and the vertical axis is assigned to multiple intelligences.Therefore, according to the textbook in the field of education and language learning, using content analysis, the current research plans on the basis of this educational model to describe and analyze content of course book Arabic in middle school and to evaluation the most common intelligence and cognitive level, and to show how the distribution of intelligence and cognitive levels in the book, and the logic governing that are influenced on the preparation and distribution of intelligences  and cognitive levels in this book.The results show that linguistic, logical mathematical, spatial visual, and interpersonal intelligences are common, and low levels of cognitive (remember, understand, and apply) are involved in these books, and bodily kinesthetic, musical, intrapersonal and naturalist intelligences, and high levels of cognitive (analyze, evaluate and create) are almost not present in these books. Also, the logic governing on the distribution of intelligences and cognitive levels follows the framework of the curriculum and teacher book.

Background: The mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus is very sensitive to foreign bodies and infections. Any triggering may lead to mucous membrane thickening (MMT). Residual bone thickness (RBT) is the remaining bone apical to the periodontal defect until the floor of the maxillary sinus acts as a barrier for the periodontal infections to reach the sinus. The aim of our current study was to evaluate the minimal RBT to prevent periodontal infection to reach Schneiderian membrane using cone‑ beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 144 maxillary sinus exposure records of 100 patients were collected retrospectively. Patients with minimum one sinus exposure were considered. MMT and RBT were calculated with the CBCT assistance. Statistical analysis was done using Mann– Whitney U‑ test, Kruskal– Wallis and Chi‑ square test. (P < 0. 05) was considered as statistically significant. Results: Significant difference (P < 0. 001) was observed in MMT among three RBT groups. Significantly, higher mean MMT was observed with <2 mm and 2– 4 mm RBT groups. The prevalence of MMT with >4 mm group is less (7%) compared to <2 mm group and 2– 4 mm RBT groups (91. 2% and 90. 2%, respectively). Furthermore, there is no significant difference in MMT between angular and furcation defects (P = 0. 890). Conclusion: Probability of MMT was increased if RBT is <4 mm. Early detection and prompt periodontal treatments associated with regenerative procedures can be instituted wherever possible to improve RBT and to reduce MMT. Further, microbiological studies are required to confirm the analysis.

The zoonotic disease brucellosis is a serious public health and livestock industry concern. In the present study, we used bacteriological culture, RBT, and qPCR to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in the serum and milk samples of sheep with a history of abortion. Serum and milk samples were obtained from 100 sheep aged 3-5 years. In order to determine the prevalence of brucellosis, a modified RBT was performed on serum samples, Brucella was isolated from milk by bacteriological culture, and qPCR was applied to detect bacterial DNA in milk. The prevalence of brucellosis using modified RBT, bacteriological culture, and qPCR was 32%, 42%, and 44%, respectively. By considering qPCR as the standard, modified RBT showed a sensitivity of 95%, a specificity of 100%, an accuracy of 98%, a PV+ of 100%, and a PV- of 97%. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PV+, and PV- for bacteriological culture were 77%, 100%, 90%, 100%, and 85%, respectively. The agreement between qPCR and modified RBT was 0.959 (95% CI: 0.896-1), between qPCR and bacteriological culture was 0.792 (95% CI: 0.667-0.897), and between modified RBT and bacteriological culture was 0.831 (95% CI: 0.709-0.38). Based on the results, bacterial isolation from sheep milk is not recommended except in specific cases due to its low sensitivity, as well as its time-consuming and hazardous nature. However, the modified RBT can be used as a routine method because of its cost-effectiveness, higher sensitivity, and higher accuracy compared to bacterial isolation. Moreover, qPCR is recommended as the gold standard test for detecting brucellosis in sheep milk, especially in those with a history of abortion.

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of brucellosis requires a rapid and accurate method such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The purpose of this study was simultaneous detection of Brucella abortus (B. abortus) and Brucella melitensis (B. melitensis) in serum samples using the duplex PCR technique and then comparing the results using the Rose Bengal test (RBT). METHODS: In this comparative-descriptive study, 100 serum samples were collected from a veterinary station located in Shahriar City, Iran. Moreover, the monoplex-PCR of B. abortus and B. melitensis and duplex-PCR for both agents was optimized. The limit of detection (LOD) and specificity test were also checked. Besides, deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs) were extracted from the serum samples by the DNA extraction solution (DNG-plus) technique. The PCR product was cloned in pTZ57R plasmid by T/A cloning. RESULTS: B. abortus (494bp) and B. melitensis (733bp) amplicons were observed in 1. 5% gel electrophoresis. The LOD of the monoplex-PCR test for both of the agents was 100 genomes per reaction. Additionally, 40 out of 100 samples were positive for RBT, out of them, 35 samples were positive with duplex-PCR, 31 samples were positive for B. abortus, and 4 for B. melitensis,moreover, 20 samples were positive with duplex PCR from 60 negative RBT. From this number, 17 samples of B. abortus and 3 samples of B. melitensis were detected. CONCLUSION: The number of positive samples by duplex-PCR was more than the RBT,therefore, we can assert duplex-PCR for confirming the RBT results.

Organizations nowadays focus on, not implementing ERP systems, but also leveraging ERP systems as part of their digital strategy. They holistically address people, processes, and technology for a digital transformation. Meanwhile, higher education institutions (HEIs) are also facing an imperative need for the implementation of modern technologies to stay competitive and differentiate them as an innovation leader. Higher education management is challenged with maintaining high-level information systems. These systems can generate complex real-time reports for effective resource allocation and better decision making. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems can help HEIs manage their resources and operations effectively. A study of ERP among 112 HEIs in Egypt was conducted. This study originally investigates the Egyptian HEIs’ perception of the ERP system as a new integrating tool for its value. The results showed that Egyptian HEIs are still at the embryonic level as the majority have not adopted these systems yet. However, ERP value has been undoubtedly perceived by HEIs’ managers. Therefore, the present study fruitfully reflected HEIs’ understanding of the imperative need of ERP systems as strategic systems for their competitiveness. Consequently, the study suggests that Egyptian HEIs and ERP vendors take steps to remove any barriers and accelerate the ERP adoption process. Also, this research contributes to the advancement of ERP concepts and characteristics from HEIs' standpoint and a grants practical verification to the higher education context. Overall, the study advances existing knowledge and research on ERP, strategic management systems, and HEIs.

Background & Objectives: Brucellosis remains an important occupational zoonotic disease, especially in developing countries. The disease is endemic in Iran and the Fars province. One of the main routes of brucellosis infection is at slaughterhouses, where the workers directly contact infected animals. This study was designed to estimate the seroprevalence of brucellosis among slaughterhouse workers in the Fars province, Iran. Materials & Methods: Ninety blood samples were collected from workers of two livestock slaughterhouses (Marvdasht and Kazeroon), in Fars, Iran. The sera were assessed for the Rose Bengal test (RBT), as a screening test for brucellosis, and the positive samples were subjected to the Wright test. The positive Wright samples were finally tested for the 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) agglutination test. Results: Brucellosis prevalence was 13. 33% using RBT. 4. 44% of the workers showed active brucellosis. No significant relationship was found between the questionnaire variables and brucellosis tests,exceptionally, there was a relationship between the workers' statements regarding having had brucellosis and RBT (P=0. 01). Conclusions: Our study highlights the practical application of serological tests, including RBT, Wright, and 2-ME as a simple strategy to monitor brucellosis and to diagnose and treat its active form in endemic regions. Although a small frequency of the disease was found, it could cause significant health and economic damage to humans and animals in endemic areas. Furthermore, taking enough protective measures is highly recommended for slaughterhouse workers to prevent human brucellosis.

Brucellosis is an important contagious disease affecting most domestic and mature animals. Since the impact of IL-1β,in B. abortus invasion and survival remains elusive, the current study sought to elucidate the actual roles of these potent cytokines in the modulation of the initial immune response to Brucella infection. Therefore, this study aimed to detect Brucella abortus in the placenta of aborted women and cows and estimate the expression of the interleukin 1β,(IL1β, ) gene associated with immune response mechanisms to Brucella abortus infection. The detection of Brucella abortus was performed by Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and Polymerase Chain Reaction based AlkB gene (AlkB-PCR) in the sera and placenta samples of aborted women and cows, respectively. The overall percentage of Brucella abortus infection was 13. 1% and 5% as determined by RBT and AlkB-PCR in aborted women’, s sera and placentas, respectively. On the other hand, the overall percentage rates of Brucella abortus infection in the sera and placentas from aborted cows were 30% and 11% as estimated by RBT and AlkB-PCR, respectively. The results of RBT demonstrated that the association between Brucella abortus and abortion in cows was statistically significant. On the other hand, it was found that the association between Brucella abortus and abortion in women was not significant. Moreover, according to the results of AlkB-based PCR, the association between Brucella abortus and abortion was statistically significant in aborted cows, while it was not significant in aborted women. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of RBT were calculated as 60. 00, 53. 85, and 54. 55%, respectively. Moreover, positive and negative predictive values were reported as 14. 33% and 91. 28%, respectively. Regarding RBT for aborted cows, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the test were 81. 82%, 57. 78%, and 62. 49%, respectively. The positive predictive value was reported as 32. 08%, while the negative predictive value was reported as 92. 88%. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was carried out for the evaluation of Interleukin 1 Beta (IL1β, ) gene expression. The qPCR result was presented as a fold change in gene expression. A significant increment of IL1β,gene expression was observed in aborted women (114. 905±, 99. 661) and cows (22. 454 ±, 18. 528), compared to non-aborted women (4. 953±, 5. 564) and cows (2. 033±, 1. 845). Statistical comparison of IL1β,gene expression between aborted women and cows illustrated a non-significant increment in IL1β,gene expression in aborted women (114. 905±, 99. 661), compared to aborted cows (22. 454 ±, 18. 528).

Robertsonian translocations (RBTs) are associated with an increased risk of aneuploidy. Single RBT carriers are the most common balanced rearrangements among the carrier couples with the history of spontaneous abortions.However, double Robertsonian translocations (DRBTs), in which two balanced RBTs occur simultaneously, are extremely rare conditions. A 9-year-old mentally normal girl with multiple skeletal disorders was found to carry a balanced 13/14 RBT (45, XX, t (13q; l4q)). Three generations of her family, including her parents and her maternal grandparents were investigated for cytogenetic analysis. All of them were phenotypically normal. Her mother appeared in a peculiar karyotype of 44, XX, t (13q; 14q) ×2, while her father revealed a normal karyotype 46, XY. Chromosomal constitution of her grandparents showed that both of them carried this balanced reciprocal translocation (45, XY t (13q; 14q) as well as 45, XX, t (13q; 14q)). Cytogenetic evaluations on the basis G-banding technique were performed for participants. Except the 9- year-old girl, all RBT carriers in this family appeared phenotypically normal, her skeletal disorders might not be due to chromosomal rearrangement.Meanwhile, all offsprings of 44, XX woman are obligatory carriers of this translocation, and should be candidates for prenatal diagnosis (PND) or preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), for their future pregnancies.

Bovine brucellosis is a zoonotic disease distributed worldwide and characterized by abortion and reduced fertility in cows. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of Brucella abortus in Holstein dairy cows in north west of Iran by using serological and PCR assays. In this study, blood samples were drawn from 1692 cows at the dairy farms of west Azerbaijan, east Azerbaijan and Ardabil provinces (North-West of Iran) and their sera separated by centrifugation. The serum samples were analyzed by Rose Bengal Test (RBT), 2-ME and multiplex PCR assays. From 1692 samples collected, 14.65% showed positive RBT and 13.23% showed positive 2-ME and 21.98% showed a positive reaction to the PCR test. In conclusion, all serological and particularly PCR tests are recommended for diagnosis of Brucella strains in cows subjected to abortion. It was concluded from the results that prevalence of brucellosis in cattle was low in this region.

Background: Round block technique (RBT) is a versatile technique for the excision of benign and malignant breast lesions with oncologic safety. Although a technically challenging procedure, it has the benefit of an inconspicuous scar and desirable aesthetic outcomes and wider exposure for tissue resection and remodelling. This study discusses the utility of RBT for the excision of different pathologies, complications, and cosmetic outcomes as it is underutilized in the developing countries. Methods: The study was conducted at the breast surgery clinic, at Liaquat National Hospital. All patients with benign (fibroadenomas, benign phyllodes) or malignant (carcinoma, malignant phyllodes) lesions undergoing the round block technique were included. The clinical size, site, distance from the nipple, pathology, pathological size, and margin status were recorded. Early and late complications were documented during the follow-up. At the time of the final study analysis, patients were interviewed for cosmetic outcome satisfaction using the Harvard scale (4-point Likert score) Results: Overall, 49 patients were included in the study over 2.5 years. The mean clinical tumor size was 4.72cm, of which 63% were in the upper quadrant, and the average distance from the areolar margin was 1.71cm. The pathology included 21 fibroadenomas and 18 carcinomas, with the mean size of 4.14cm. Early complications were seen in 12 cases, and late complications were observed in 2 cases which were all managed conservatively. The cosmetic outcome was found to be fair by 6.1% of the patients, good by 87%, and excellent by the 6.1% of them. Conclusion: RBT is a technically challenging procedure but is easily adaptable. It provides good exposure for excision of both benign and malignant tumors of the breast while maintaining the oncologic safety margin and good cosmesis, especially for young patients with large lesion in the upper inner quadrant.