Under the tyranny of his father, Franz Kafka uses writing as an escape. Nevertheless, this writing only asserts itself as a substitution self underlining, paradoxically, the father's superpower.The failure of this REVOLT leads not only to a psychological void but to a spatial, temporal and specially an existential one which put the writer and his characters in a state of suspension in void, failing forever to assume their life and bearing for good the shame of being born.

Peasants supported the feudal system throughout history especially before the eighteenth century in Europe. But developments that occurred between the eighteenth century and the twentieth century changed the political role of this class, so that they didn’t support the feudal system. They demanded that the land ownership instead of lords and equal rights with others. Therefore, they joined other dissident groups and launched a revolution. This article studies peasant forces in the social and political revolutions of the world, the reasons of peasant participation and increasing their ability in the revolutions.

This article is a study of the background of Isfahan’s REVOLT, during Teymur’s invasion of the Mozafarid territory, in 1387, by reviewing the historiographical texts on this event. Considering the fact that Teymurid historians wrote their books for the objective of legitimizing the rulership, they merely emphasized special aspects of the event, leaving out others such as the role of social groups. It seems to be scattered writings of researchers which have brought up the issue of re-examining these texts as well as the lack of critical methods, dominated exaggeration, reduction and prejudice. Certainly the lost aspect of this event could be reconstructed only by applying critical methods and designing questions about the situation of these narrations. Therefore, this article, based on a critical method, endeavors to reconstruct the ultimate events of 1387.

Contemporary Arabic and Persian poetry is a process seeking to reflect all human concerns. Feelings, aims, accomplishments, failures and all human-related issues have a significant place in contemporary poetry. One of the humanistic issues in the modern age refers to the limitations preventing human beings from reaching the intended aim. These limitations, sometimes, emerge in the form of elements remarkably imposing themselves on human life. But what is more surprising is the way human beings get accustomed to these limitations. However, with all these limitations, the passionate souls and enthusiastic minds of some people who welcome such great obstacles and who fight against them emerge; the people such as: the Egyptian poet, Amal Donghol, and the Persian poet, Nosrat Rahmani. This paper presents a general overview of the REVOLT phenomenon in the poems of these poets and also wants to offer the noteworthy samples of these limitations such as self, society, and new age to portray the similarity of these poets in confrontation with such limitations. This study reveals that the common motives in these two languages lead to the formation of similar confrontation of Donghol and Rahmani with the limitations.

The Courier Office was one of the important offices in the administrative organization of Muslim governments in the Persian Middle Ages. Among other things, it functioned as a center for obtaining and supplying information related to the national security. This office found an eminent status in its governmental relations in a way that it was regarded as "the eye and the ear of government" throughout the State territory since its activities had been expanded to cover various spheres. The management of extended governmental territories made it necessary to obtain information on different incidents occurring in provinces and passing it on to the central government, to monitor the performance of officials in their governmental positions, to provide post services, and to embark on espionage activities. The above-mentioned activities were some of the duties of the Courier Office during the Middle Age of Iranian history. The present study tries to expound on the concept of Courier and its derivatives in a historical-analytical manner, focusing on security-related functions of the Courier Office in the central governments of Iran. Findings of the present study show that the extended activities of the Courier Office were highly important in a way that the continuation, or else the extinction of governments were directly dependent on the proper functioning of this institution.

After being ousted from SAVAK, Timur Bakhtiar opposed Mohammad Reza Shah and established a base in Iraq for armed struggle, trying to attract the people of western Iran to his organization. The purpose of this study is to explain the role of the people of Ilam as one of the first groups that fought in the armed struggle against the Pahlavi regime in the late 1940s. The main question of the present study is what were the security reasons and consequences of the tendency of some groups from Ilam to Timur Bakhtiar? The findings of the study, which was conducted by descriptiveanalytical method and based on unpublished documents of SAVAK, indicate that increasing the awareness of the people of Ilam about the situation in the country through interaction with the cities of Najaf and Karbala and the oppression of SAVAK and Pahlavi regime security forces in Ilam had prepared the ground for confronting the regime. During Bakhtiar's REVOLT against the Shah, the people of Ilam, who were not able to organize and equip their own forces, tried to seize the opportunity and confront the Pahlavi regime; However, due to the fact that Bakhtiar's REVOLT was devoid of theoretical and religious foundations and other components of a political and social movement, after a few guerrilla actions and insecurity of borders, his organization was finally disbanded with his assassination in August 1349. But in terms of security, SAVAK created a violent atmosphere in the region, and many people in Ilam who joined it were arrested, imprisoned and some were executed.

Ismail Agha Shikak, known as Simko, who had entered into conflicts with the central government since the years of the constitutional revolution, finally failed in the summer of 1922 and fled across the border, but after his repeated requests, the Iranian government finally pardoned him and allowed him to return. Shortly after returning to Chehriq, Ismail Agha tried to expand his power again and started another rebellion in 1926, but this time he was also defeated by the government forces and found no other option but to flee to the other side of the borders. Based on the available documents and sources, and using a descriptive-analytical method, the present research tries to answer the question of why Simko rebelled again despite being forgiven by the Iranian government. The findings of the research show that he rebelled under the influence of some internal and external factors, such as the competition with his long-time rival Omar Khan Shikak, the actions of General Amir Ahmadi, his treatment by government officials, Turkey's interventions, as well as his concern about Treaty of Friendship of 1926 between Iran and Turkey.

The further persecution of the Baghdads Shi'ites and specially the departure of Sheykh Tousi, the spiritual leader of the shi 'ites, was one of the consequences of Arsalan BasaÎsiri's REVOLT. The eleven months rule of this Turkish general in Baghdad also led to the capture of the Abbasid Caliph, al-kÊaÎim bi Amr AllaÎh; the execution of his Vizir and the proclamation of al-Mustansir bi 'llah - the Fatimid Caliph of Egypt - rule in baghdad.The suppression of this REVOLT by the Saljugh Emir, Toghru brought a drastic change in the Caliph-Sultan relationship and apart from triggering the cultural eclipse of shi'ism there, put a final end to a long tradition of the Fatimides attempts to take over Iraq.An inquiry on the background of Basaisiri, the main course of his REVOLT and finally its consequences are the main subjects of this paper.

According to the Behistun inscription report, when Darius the Great came to power, REVOLTed different Satrapies of the Persian kingdom. Armenian satrapy REVOLT was one of such rebellions. Despite Researches have been conducted extensively on the history of the Achaemenid dynasty, they have another basic issues in relation to the REVOLT of the Armenian Satrapy which has been little studied. This article is based on historical research, relying on Behistun inscription report, intended to study affecting factors in the rise and suppression of the Armenian satrapy REVOLT. This research also peruse the relationship between the Armenian Satrapy uprising and another territories in the same time. The results of such historical research will be very helpful to understand and explain different aspects of nature of the Armenian satrapy rebelion.

By the late Qajariyeh period the country situation became critical because of some internal _ external elements and many REVOLTs had happened in different parts. Beside the leaders there were grandees in these REVOLTs who played roles in the occurrence of REVOLTs, their continuity and failures with different purposes and interests. Seyed Mehdi Farokh( Motasem al saltane) is one of these grandees who was very effective in M. T. kh. Pesyan policies along with some influential figures in Khorasan; Therefore the present research tries to answer the question that what was the role of Farokh in Kolonel Pesyan's REVOLT? It seems that Seyed. Zyaedin. Tabatabai's policies and Farokh's dispatch to implement them was a start point for Khorasan crisis in which Farokh's attitude toward the traditional class of society and his representative Ghavam alsaltane affected Seyed. Zyea's choice. The way of Ghavam alsaltane's arrest in this time, obideing the government orders by Kolonel Pesyan and also the role of Farokh in that arrest affected the future of relations. As a consequence, by announcing the prime ministry of Ghavam alsaltane and executing government policies to avoid unrests and Ghavam's hostility against them, the REVOLT was started. Finally regarding the role of Farokh, Kolonel Pesyan and Ghavam alsaltane the REVOLT led to battles and Kolonel Pesyan's murder.