An analysis is made for the effect of throughflow on the onset of convection in a Rectangular box under the assumption that total flux (sum of diffusive, thermophoretic, and convective) is zero on the boundaries. A linear stability analysis and Galerkin weighted residual method are used to obtain the Rayleigh number and stability curves for the onset of convection. Three dominating combination of parameters are extracted from the nondimensional analysis. All rescaled parameters promote the convection. Aspect ratios, throughflow, and nanoparticles play an important role in the formulation of cell distribution and development of convection. Oscillatory convection is possible for permissible range of nanofluid parameters. It is also found that the size of a cellular mode is altered by throughflow and nanoparticles.

In this research, in order to investigate the effect of the piezoelectric patch which is used as a sensor or actuator in rotating flexible structures such as a helicopter blade, the free vibrations of the rotating Rectangular sheet with and without the piezoelectric patch have been presented. First-order shear deformation theory is considered for plate displacement and piezoelectric field. Considering the effect of Coriolis acceleration, centrifugal acceleration and centrifugal in-plane forces, the equations of motion are derived from Hamilton's principle and the electromechanical couple equation is obtained from Maxwell's equation. For piezoelectric, two electrical conditions, open circuit and closed circuit, which are used in sensors and actuators, respectively, have been considered. The equations are discretized with the help of the numerical method of generalized differential squares and the matrices of inertia mass, eccentricity, Coriolis and stiffness matrix are obtained. Natural frequency values for beam and rotating plate have been compared in Abaqus software. Also, the values obtained from the numerical solution in MATLAB have been verified with articles and ABAQUS, which have high accuracy. The effect of parameters such as hub radius, rotation speed, sheet thickness, aspect ratio, piezoelectric patch thickness and applied voltage on the natural frequency of the system has also been investigated.

Flower initiation is an important factor influencing plant yield. Environmental factors significantly affect flowering initiation. Bioinformatic analysis was performed on MADS-box transcription factors which are considered as important components in the flower formation. Brachpodium is a new experimental model which used to understand the genetic, cellular mechanism and molecular biology of plants. In this study, 43 sequences of Brachypodium MADS-box genes were analyzed using phylogeny relationships, conserved motifs, chromosomal location, detection of transcription factor binding sites, and amino acid composition. The aim of this study was to better identify molecular mechanisms related to flowering. In this study, results showed that MADS-box genes distribute on all Brachypodium chromosomes, while gene clusters were located on all chromosomes except chromosome five. Analysis of the amino acid composition revealed that lucine, serine, and glutamate, with the highest amount, and tryptophan, with the least amount, elicit appreciable flowering. Based on the phylogeny analysis the genes were divided to four clusters. Tajima test indicated the presence of balancing selection in MADS-box sequences and as a result polymorphism is conserved in the sequences. Thus, the total diversity in MADS-box genes were high. Overall, our results provided useful information for the survey of flowering response genes, thereby detection of molecular mechanism and intergenic relationships facilitate flowering pathway.

Packing Rectangular shapes into a Rectangular space is one of the most important discussions on Cutting & Packing problems (C&P); such as: cutting problem, bin-packing problem and distributors pallet loading problem, etc. Assume a set of Rectangular pieces with specific lengths, widths and utility values. Also assume a Rectangular packing space with specific width and length. The objective function is, to pack the pieces into the space in Order to get the maximum sum of utility value of the packed pieces. To generate the related packing pattern this paper proposes a new formulation metl10dbased on the column generation, approach. In this method one each cycle of the algorithm; a one-dimensional pattern is generated based on the shadow prices 'Of the Simplex method. The set of generated one-dimensional patterns are used: to construct the two-dimensional packing pattern. Also, the proposed model and the present models in the.state-of-1beart have been compared.

Pectobacterium is one of the major destructive causal agents in most crop plants throughout the world. During the years 2007-2008, 38 isolate of soft rot pectobacteria were isolated from different hosts including: potato, onion, cabbage and carrot in Hamedan, Semnan, Hormozgan, Kerman, East Azarbaijan, Khuzestan, Zanjan, Tehran and Isfahan provinces. Phenotypic identification of the strains were performed using recommended biochemical and physiological tests. Also genetic diversity determined by box-PCR using box A1R primer.According to results, all strains identified as "Carotovora" group as Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, P. atrosepticum and Dickeya chrysanthemi. Also some characteristics of the pathogen differ from those described for this bacterium isolated in some countries. The combined results of performed tests showed a high variability among pectolytic bacteria in Iran and there was no clear relationship between the resulting DNA fingerprints and geographical origins of isolates.