Background and Objective: Malnutrition is an important health problem in patients with end stage renal disease which increases morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis of malnutrition can be important for nutritional supports in hemodialysis patients. This study was carried out to evaluate the nutritional status and its related risk factors in hemodialysis patients using subjective global assessment.Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was done on 117 hemodialysis patients in the 5th Azar hospital, in Gorgan, Iran during August to October 2013. The nutritional status was evaluated as normal, mild to moderate or severe malnutrition using subjective global assessment (SGA). The anthropometric and biochemical parameters of hemodialysis patients and its relation with nutritional status were determined.Results: Among 116 patients, 29.66%, 69.82% and 0.9% were well nourished, mild to moderate malnutrition and severe malnutrition, respectively. A significant negative correlation was seen between patient’s weight, BMI, mid-arm circumference and serum albumin with SGA score (P<0.05). Patient’s age and duration of hemodialysis positively correlated with malnutrition (P<0.05). No significant association was found between serum concentration of BUN, Cr and WBC count with nutritional status.Conclusion: This study has shown low prevalence of malnutrition in our population in comparison with other studies. However according to important of malnutrition in patients undergoing hemodialysis, the basic evaluation of nutritional status is needed for every patient.

Background: cancer is a main reason mortality and morbidity in all of the world. weight loss and malnutrition are common among cancer patients, these two factors greatly affecting survival and quality of life during treatment. the present study has been conducted in 2014 on a sample of cancer patients in oncology centers of Iran to determine the prevalence rates of malnutrition and the factors affecting it.Methods: The PG-SGA standard questionnaire was administered to 1024 cancer patients to evaluate their nutrition status and determine the frequency of each malnutrition stage. Correlations and chi score tests were used to analyze the relationship between factors and weight loss and how they might affect the development of malnutrition.Results: the prevalence of malnutrition among patients was 80% out of which 53% had moderate and 27% had severe malnutrition. The most common factors inducing nutritional symptoms were dry mouth, depression and anorexia. Some 36.1% of the patients had weight loss in the last month and 42.1% had weight loss in the 6 last month. The average PG-SGA score was 8.89 with 34 being the highest.26.3% percent of patients scored over 9 (requiring critical nutrient intervention), 52.6% scored that requires intervention by dietitian and 20.3% scored that no intervention required at this time.Conclusion: malnutrition, weight loss and nutritional problems in cancer patients is prevalent in Iran. Therefore, periodical assessment by PG-SGA to detect malnutrition in patients should be made so that appropriate nutritional interventions can be provided.

IUGR is a major causes and silent illness and death in the embryonic and infants population, which in it infants growth potential is less than natural state. IUGR phrase and small for gestation age often used interchangeably. Although, there is small difference between these two.IUGR/SGA as a result different etiology including maternal factors, placenta and fetus arise. That recently genetic factors added to it. IUGR may be caused by maternal smoking, infections agents and chromosomal or genetic abnormalities, maternal abnormalities, but in most cases secondary cause is placenta insufficiency. IUGR often causes complications in the third trimester of pregnancy which is associated with symptoms of preeclampsia.The pathophysiology of IUGR is associated with placenta insufficiency. It remains unclear, but the damage is usually caused due to failure of trophoblast invasion which causes intermittent blood flow the space between the intervillous that this also in turn causes local oxidative stress.

Protein-energy malnutrition occurs in a large portion of patients with chronic renal failure. It leads to the consequences of various factors like hormonal imbalance, reduced food intake caused by uremic toxicity, superimposed illnesses, infections, and protein and energy metabolism disturbances. Malnutrition could be acute or chronic in hemodialysis patients. One hundred fifty-two patients were involved in this cross-sectional study; we utilized SGA- DMS (Subjective Global Assessment- Dialysis Malnutrition Score). Percentage body fat through Skinfold Thickness Measurement was calculated using Durnin and Womersley equation. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated to determine the correlation between the assessed parameters and the scores obtained from SGA-DMS. Student t-test was used to analyze the mean percentage of body fat observed between men and women. The values were considered statistically significant if the p-value was <0.05. On assessing the anthropometric parameters, the bicep skinfold thickness was positively correlated (p value=0.012) with the SGA- DMS tool, while all others were negatively correlated with the SGA- DMS. Percentage body fat results imply that patients have higher body fat levels, with males recording 31.34 ± 2.9 and women recording 37.35 ± 2.5, being statistically significant. Our study has not found significance in correlating SGA- DMS and factors like age, weight, etc. However, subjects observed have healthy nutritional status and mainly were over-weight. By employing other methods along with SGA-DMS, a better assessment of malnutrition could be made possible. In addition, efficient nutritional advice from healthcare, adherence to diet patterns, and periodic evaluation may prevent or minimise malnutrition.

Background: Cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) is an important indicator for predicting adverse outcomes during pregnancy. It is derived from the division of the PI Doppler index from the middle cerebral artery (MCA) into the umbilical cord vessels. Objectives: To characterize the relationship between CPR and some factors such as diabetes, gestational hypertension, body mass index (BMI), PAPP-A, and drug use. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted in Ahvaz in 2016. In this study, the CPR was evaluated in 230 pregnant women who were at 28-38 weeks of gestational age, except for pregnant women with severe Small for gestational age (SGA) and multiple pregnancies. In this study, a number of factors such as diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension, BMI, PAPP-A, and drug use were investigated. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 19. Results: In this study, there is a relationship between CPR and diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension, and maternal drug use. There is not a relationship between CPR and BMI and PAPP-A. Conclusions: Diabetes and gestational hypertension are two factors that influence the cerebroplacental ratio.