The aim of this study is to obtain polysaccharide (Glucose, Fructose and Sucrose) stabilized super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) by Co-Precipitation method. As prepared iron oxide nanoparticles have been characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV–Vis NIR spectroscopy, High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The average crystallite sizes as determined from XRD for Glucose-Fe3O4 (GF), Fructose-Fe3O4 (FF) and Sucrose-Fe3O4 (SF) are 3.3, 4.82 and 5.23 nm, respectively. Powder XRD study also demonstrates that the synthesized nanoparticles are indexed for spinel cubic lattice. FTIR spectrum shows a good vibrational interaction between Fe3O4 and polysaccharides functional groups and it controls the growth of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. SPIONs exhibit super paramagnetic properties with a coercivity ranging from 0.55 to 9.13 Oe and a saturation magnetization in the range 38-42 emu/g.

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with Fe3O4 molecular composition were considered for the study of protein interactions and drug delivery. Considering that SPIONs play a significant role in nanomedicine and drug delivery systems, investigating the interaction between SPIONs and a model protein and its structural and functional changes can be enlightening in scientific research. SPIONs with sizes of 20, 50, and 100 nm were selected. The UV-visible spectroscopic study showed the interaction between protein-nanoparticles. Rotational exponential imaging was used to measure the changes in the secondary structure of lysozyme in interaction with SPIONs. A significant reduction in the helical structures of the protein was observed. Protein fluorescence quenching analysis was used to understand the nature of protein-nanoparticle interaction. The interaction of SPIONs and lysozyme showed a combination of dynamic and static quenching. The activity and enzymatic properties of lysozyme attached to SPIONs were measured compared to free lysozyme. The activity decreased dramatically in all sizes of SPIONs, but the Km changed under different reaction conditions.

Objective (s): Over the past two decades, considerable interest has been focused on utilizing biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for biomedical applications. In this study, production of human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles using desolvation technique that were simultaneous loaded with high amounts of super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and 5-flourouracil (5-FU) was investigated.Materials and Methods: 5-FU loading (%) and SPIONs entrapment efficiency (%) were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The design expert software used to analyse the interactive effects of pH, 5-FU and SPIONs concentrations.Results: The optimum conditions found to be pH of 8.2, drug concentration of 1.5 mg/ml and SPIONs concentration of 2.79 mg/ml. Under the mentioned optimum conditions, particles with the size of 111.8 nm, zeta potential of -37.1 mV, 5-FU loading of 15.8% and SPIONs entrapment efficiency of 41.1% were obtained. In vitro cumulative release of 5-FU from the nanoparticles was evaluated in phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4, 37oC). Results indicated that 85% of the 5- FU released during 95 h, which revealed a sustained release profile. In addition, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) analyses confirmed the super paramagnetic properties of magnetic albumin nanoparticles manufactured under the optimum conditions.Conclusion: According to the findings, SPIONs and 5-FU loaded HAS nanoparticles are promising for use as novel targeted delivery system due to proper magnetic and drug release behaviours.

The Super Paramagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) can bind drugs and act as drug-carriers. The magnetically active SPIONs can be used to deliver the drugs to the target through magnetic fields. The objective of the present work has been undertaken to study the stability, and binding behaviour of procaine with SPIONs and surfactant-coated SPIONs. Procaine is among the ester drugs and hydrolyses in the alkaline medium. The influence of SPIONs and surfactant-coated SPIONs on the rate of hydrolysis of procaine in alkaline medium may help to define the behaviour of the drug in the presence of these nanoparticles. The kinetic studies of procaine hydrolysis in the presence of SPIONs and surfactant-coated SPIONs were carried out spectrophotometrically. The concentrations of OH− ions were taken in excess over [procaine] to keep the reaction conditions under pseudo-first-order. The presence of SPIONs and the SPIONs coated with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide; CTABr and sodium dodecylsulphate; SDS surfactants displayed an inhibitive effect on the rate of hydrolysis of procaine. The synthesised nanoparticles were characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The kψ-[surfactant] profile in the presence of SPIONs was discussed using the pseudophase model in which the reactants are considered to be distributed in the aqueous and micellar media. The rate constant for the procaine hydrolysis and the binding constants of procaine with coated and non-coated SPIONs have been calculated by analysing the data for the variation in the rate constant with the change in [surfactant], [SPIONs] and [surfactant-coated SPIONs].

Objective(s): Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been considered promising non-invasive imaging tools in medicine. However, their high surface energy leads to NPs aggregation, while non-targeted SPIONs can cause cytotoxic effects on normal cells. In this work, we evaluated the in vitro potential of polyethyleneimine (PEI)-SPIONs targeted by PNC-27 peptide as a double targeting agent throughout early cancer diagnosis. Materials and Methods: Initially, PEI was conjugated to PNC-27 with HDM-2-binding domain. Then, SPIONs were loaded into PEI-PNC-27 through the ligand exchange method. The physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized NPs were evaluated. The cytotoxicity and targeting efficiency were assayed against HT-29 and CT-26 cell lines along with NIH-3t3 as normal cells by MTT method and Prussian blue staining test, respectively. Results: The mean diameter of synthesized carriers was obtained in the range of 86. 6 –,116. 1 nm with a positive charge. According to the cytotoxicity results, the binding and uptake abilities of the PNC-27 peptide by cancer cells were significantly higher than that of the NIH-3t3 cells. However, the results were indicative of the more toxic impacts of targeted synthesized NPs against CT-26 cancer cell line when being compared with HT-29 cells, which may be caused by the different cytotoxicity mechanisms of NPs. In addition, the targeted carriers and SPIONs were present inside and around the cells with HDM-2 expression along with only a few non-targeted vectors, while displaying no appearance throughout the normal cell. Conclusion: The results indicated the efficiency of targeted PEI-coated SPIONs for cancer diagnostic applications.

In this paper, EDTA-surface capped and cobalt-cations doped superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (EDTA/Co-SPIONs) are reported for the first time as a novel surface coated magnetic NPs. An easy and cheap electrochemical strategy is also developed for large-scale fabrication of EDTA/Co-SPIONs. For this aim, a simple cathodic base electrogeneration procedure was established where magnetite nanoparticles formation their surface capping with EDTA and crystal structure doping by Co cations were simultaneously achieved onto the cathode surface. The obtained EDTA/Co-SPIONs powder was analyzed through the structural, elemental and morphological analyses of FT-IR, EDAX, XRD, FE-SEM and DSC-TGA, and their magnetite (i. e. Fe3O4) crystal phase was verified by the XRD results, their 10 nm particle size was observed via FE-SEM microscopy, their structure doped with 10. 69%wt cobalt cations was confirmed though EDAX data, and their surface coat with 10%wt. EDAT was cleared from the thermogravimetric data. VSM measurements proved the superparamagnetic behavior of the EDTA-capped EDTA/Co-IONs powder at the applied fields, where they presented proper saturation magnetization (Ms=36. 55 emu g– 1), negligible remanence (Mr=0. 86 emu g– 1) and low coercivity (Hci=9. 74Oe). In final, it was concluded that the EDTA-capped Co2+ cations doped SPIONs with fine particles exhibit proper magnetic performances for biomedical uses.

This study aimed to improve delivery of lomustine as a chemotherapeutic agent and to increase its uptake by U87-MG cancer cells via synthesizes LN-FA-PG-SPIONs (lomustine loaded polyglycerol coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles conjugated with folic acid). Nanoparticles were synthesized by thermal decomposition method and characterized using TEM (transmission microscope), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), and VSM (vibrating sample magnetometer). Lomustine release from nanoparticles was determined by dialysis-bag diffusion technique. Nanoparticles cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay. Mean size of SPIONs and FA-PG-SPIONs (PG-SPIONs conjugated with folic acid) were 7. 1 ± 1. 13 nm and 25. 1 ± 3. 94 nm, respectively. Based on FTIR spectra SPIONs were successfully coated by polyglycerol and conjugated with folic acid. Lomustine encapsulation efficiency was 46 ± 6. 8 %. SPIONs were cytotoxic on U87-MG cells at concentration above 100 ug/ml (p < 0. 05) but PG-SPIONs do not reduce viability significantly (p > 0. 05). Conjugation of folic acid with PG-SPIONs increased nanoparticles uptake by U87-MG cells (p < 0. 05). We concluded that however FA-PG-SPIONs are proposed as a useful tracer for diagnostic and treatment of GBM but their drug delivery properties for lomustine is not satisfactory and more researches are necessary with this regard.