Lichen planus is a dermatologic chronic inflammatory disease that usually involved the skin and mucosa. Esophageal lichen planus with STRICTURE is rare presentation of this disease. It is usually associated with oral mucosal involvement and commonly presenting in middle-age female. In present case, we describe a 48-year-old woman with history of oral lichen planus who referred to us for progressive dysphagia for solid food. She had not history of other causes of dysphagia. Upper endoscopy revealed a benign STRICTURE located in proximal of esophagus that comparable with lichen planus features. The patient underwent three sessions of wireguided bougie dilation that improved her symptoms totally. Lichen planus has to be considered in differential diagnosis in patients with dysphagia.

Congenital STRICTURE, specifically with manifestation in adulthood is extremely a rare cause of urethral STRICTURE and is not associated with known etiologies. It was first described by Cobb et al., and to our knowledge only 5 families were reported in English literatures to have familial urethral STRICTURE. We report two families with urethral STRICTURE including five male patients referred to our tertiary reconstructive urology department during 1994 to 2017. The age and severity of symptoms at presentation are variable; as are the surgical interventions required. There are no phylogenetic, familiar or racial relationship between the two families described.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine whether the coexistence of urethral STRICTURE and stone influence the treatment modality of each other and to ascertain the best treatment modality for these group of patients. We also tried to speculate whether the stone is an effect or a cause of the STRICTURE. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of 35 male patients with coexistent urethral STRICTURE and stone were done between January 1998 and December 2011. Patients were divided in two groups (1 and 2)-limited stone bulk (group 1, n = 30) and extensive stone bulk (group 2, n = 5). The former group was treated with endourologic procedures and the latter group managed with open staged procedures. We used ureteroscope for endourological management which we think eases the management. Results: Endoscopic management of both stone and STRICTURE were successful in all patients of group 1. Patients of group 2 have been managed by open surgery in two stages. All of them are urologically asymptomatic after a mean of 28 months of follow up. The principle determinants of treatment modality were the bulk of stone, its location and characteristics of STRICTURE. Conclusion: Both stone and STRICTURE can be managed successfully by endoscopic method in most of the patients. Bulk, location of the urethral stone and length of STRICTURE is the main limiting factor for the endoscopic management. A stone can be an “ effect” as well as the “ cause” of STRICTUREd urethra.

Benign esophageal STRICTURE caused by corrosive substance can be treated successfully with endoscopic dilation using bougies or balloons but approximately one-third of patients develop recurrent stenosis. We report a case of lower third benign esophageal STRICTURE presented with severe dysphagia, passive and active regurgitation caused by ingestion of a corrosive substance (aluminium phosphide) which was refractory to multiple dilation with balloons and bougies and migration of fully covered metal stent. After two courses of intralesional 40 mg methyl prednisolone acetate injection with two weeks interval and serial dilation, symptoms improved without restenosis. So a less frequent injection-dilation schedule with longer intervals may also effective for refractory esophageal STRICTURE induced by corrosive agents.

Background: In order to ensure maximum recovery, stenosis management of the narrow and fragile tissue of urethra in children should be based on ingenious preserving of adequate urethral caliber. Objectives: Owing to advancements in pediatric surgery that lead to improving the quality and quantity of life in recent years, it is necessary to evaluate urethral STRICTUREs and its management. With this respect, we studied the management of children with urethral STRICTUREs in two tertiary hospitals in Isfahan, Iran. Methods: After obtaining ethical committee clearance (code number 396454), a retrospective search of the hospital information system was carried out for urethral STRICTURE in children aged up to 15 years from 2008 to 2018. We studied all children who underwent the management for urethral STRICTUREs associated with recorded data (ICD-10; n = 35. 9). Data were analyzed by SPSS and age, as a continuous variable, was expressed as mean standard deviation (SD). A P value of < 0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Results: For over a period of 10 years, there were 383 children, including 348 boys and 35 girls, with the mean SD age of 5. 5 3. 4 years old. The management strategies for boys with the disease of urethra ranked as: dilation of urethra (n = 99), urethral meatotomy (n = 82), urethral meatoplasty (n = 75), urethrotomy (n = 7) and unspecified management (n = 85). In girls, the ranked values corresponded to dilation of urethra (n = 14), diagnostic ureteroscopy (n = 7), and unspecified management (n = 12). There was a significant difference associated with age in each subgroup. Statistical analysis based on the Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference between the variables (P < 0. 0001). The minimum age for urethrotomy in the population studied was 4 years old. Conclusions: In pediatric, surgical treatment is an optimistic surrogate transaction to take the majority of cases with urethral STRICTUREs. As a result, in order to decrease complications such as incontinence, impotency, and surgical risks associated with major reconstructive procedures, proper repair at the appropriate time is recommended.

One of the appealable subject for knowing city and way of its forming is studying ancient building of a city. Although these buildings are at the center of city but they are ruining because of using instable construction materials. Ancient building of Shahrecord city is one of the examples of valuable ancient building that is faced with economic, social and physical changes because of problems such as lack of suitable access, economic degradation, physical depreciation, social organizational depreciation. To study more we used measurement, document, and statistical, descriptive and analytic methods are used in this research. Results of this study show that renovation and upgrading plans of ancient texture are performed just in places that have future profits for people and related organizations. A small portion of these places are repaired and upgraded, and other regions of city are bought in low prices by municipality and are used as public parking and in other places of city, there is no plan because of economic condition of inhabitants.

Background: By the increasing of surgeons experience in the transhiatal esophagectomy, the mortality rate of this procedure is markedly reduced. Therefore we should consider to the quality of life the patients after the operation. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of anastomotic STRICTURE and predictive factors contributed to this complication after transhiatal esophagectomy.Methods: We present a prospective study carried out on 61 patients with esophageal cancer from 2000 to 2007 in Isfahan Al-Zahra hospital. The data of anastomotic leak, respiratory complication, reoperation, other complication, operation time, intraoperative bleeding and anastomotic stenos is evaluated. Findings: Leak of anastomosis, respiratory complication, reoperation, and overall complication were significantly correlated with anastomotic stenosis.Conclusion: In order to reduce the incidence of anastomosis STRICTURE after transhiatal esophagectomy improvement of respiratory conditions as well as decreasing risk factors of anastomosis leak must be considered.