Urban transportation is one of the most important issues in urban planning and urban design. A transportation system can affect the surrounding areas in different ways. The effects can be seen around stations or along transportation corridors and in some cases can be seen as a combination of both. Following the emergence of the notion of environmental quality, the impact of the assessment of urban transportation systems on the quality and value of adjacent areas has become a remarkable topic in urban issues, because it has led to various and sometimes opposite results in different environments. Basically, there is a close relationship between access to transit and urban development.Better access, more mobility options and lower transportation costs are some factors which have made these areas more attractive and more developed. In fact, access to public transportation can improve accessibility to urban activity and employment centers, retail districts and other facilities. As a result, a public transit station can affect the quality of urban tissue and eventually the development of the neighborhoods around metro stations, directly or indirectly. In other words, public transit stations can play an important role in the development of surrounding areas especially from the economic aspect. This opportunity is very important particularly in blighted urban areas that face many obstacles over the attraction of investment for regeneration and renewal. Therefore, an adequate mechanism to locate and manage public transit stations can propel the low-quality urban tissues where economic problems are rampant to livable and dynamic areas. In a metropolis city like Tehran, public transportation systems especially the metros are being developed rapidly due to serious problems in personal transportation services. Thus a better understanding of the impacts of metro stations on adjacent areas can help with their development as more purposeful facilities. Also, such impact assessment studies can improve the advantages of developing metro systems, as well as reducing the negative consequences on the urban tissues. On the other hand, this discussion is very specific in Tehran, because unequal environmental qualities between north and south of Tehran and also an unbalanced distribution of resources and facilities over time have made an obvious socio-economic gap in this city. In fact, socio-economic disparities between northern and southern neighborhoods have transformed Tehran from a sustainable city to a capital with economic polarization and social segregation. This is to the degree that the central and southern regions have gradually changed to low-income areas with low quality urban tissues, and in contrast, the northern regions with high-prices of estates have changed to areas popular to the upper classes.Therefore, a field study on this issue in Tehran to consider the current socio-economic gap between affluent north and poor south can help draw a comparison between the impacts of metro stations in two different urban areas and subsequently it can assess the role of metro stations in reducing the socio-economic gap in this city. This study seeks answers to these important questions: Which areas of Tehran Metropolis (affluent areas or poor areas) have gained more benefits from opening metro stations? Can we consider the development of metro rail system as a solution to reduce the socio-economic gap between north and south Tehran? The researchers have presumed that the poor areas have received more benefits than affluent areas. Therefore, opening metro stations can improve the economic dynamics of southern neighborhoods of Tehran and subsequently it can integrate the environmental quality of north and south Tehran. Therefore, this process can reduce the socio-economic gap in Tehran. The accuracy of this hypothesis has been tested with a market study around Shari' ati Metro Station (in northern Tehran) and Shohada Metro Station (in southern Tehran) through measuring changes in housing prices so as to obtain changes in environmental quality before and after opening the stations. Examination of effects of proximity to the metro stations for these two neighborhoods proves that proximity to metro stations has a positive effect on the value of properties in southern Tehran, but a negative effect in northern neighborhoods. In fact, results show that the metro stations have a consistently higher positive impact on the property values which are located in poor areas compared to the affluent areas. Therefore, with the increase in the value of properties in poor neighborhoods on the southern areas and subsequently improving the quality of those areas, Tehran's long-standing gap in socio-economic contexts can be reduced and consequently Tehran can become an integrated city without any segregation and polarization.

Examining the relation of religion with cosmology and ideology is regarded as an interesting and challangable discussion in religious studies. This study, with a theoric and analytic approach, has intended to explaining such problem as religion’s position to ideology, validity or invalidity of religion’s ideologizing, consequences of ideologic religion and reconsidering Dr. Shari’ati’s opinions has been performed. Muslim and western scholar’s interpretation of ideology and Shariat’s idea with regard to the interpretation of Islamic ideology as well as consequences of ideologic religion have been discussed in the paper. It has been understood that: 1. In one phrase, religion is more than ideology, though it may be of ideologic aspect also; 2. In some cases as Shariati’s thought, religion is not identical to ideology, it has been changed to institution; 3. One may not necessarily count ideology religious as is seen in Marx that is irreligious; 4. Though religion is not identical to ideology, Divine religions have been of ideologic message.

This article explains functional and hermeneutic aspects of “Introduction” poetic prose of in speech of “Hussein, Inheritor of Adam” in work series No. 19 of Ali Sharia’ti. Here, “Introduction” is assumed as an independent literary work and close to a drama text that based on its theme and components carries functional works into audience and causes social action in its audience. In other hand, its hermeneutic aspect signifies author’s existential problems about human and destiny and helps audience understand historical role of author despite his efficiency. Ashura is the central axis in “Introduction” that carries two aspects of efficiency and hermeneutic in position of a tragic drama. This article explains its claim based on a mixed theoretical framework came to this conclusion that “Introduction” is located below “Kaviriat” based on its method and content and also in categorized as “Islamiat and Ejtema’yiat” and in this view it can be regarded to have features of a literary text.

In the paper, it has been intended to survey Imam Khomeini and Dr. Ali Shari’ati’s roles in revolutionary mobilization comparatively. Islamic Revolution of the year 1357, called as great miracle of the century, led to appearance of great ideologists in the field of mobilizing of revolution of whom these two persons are clearly appear. On authors’ proofs, Imam Khomeini’s role in the field has been rather more extended to that of Ali Shari’ati and, contrary to the claim of some outstanding scholars of the revolution viewing the latter as the main ideologist of revolutionary thought, the former’s role, including all peoples in every class and group has been of no example. It has been shown that Imam’s discourse during the period before revolution and after it, has been dominant; while that of Shari’ati has been limited to academic and enlighenment circles and, therefore, more limited.

Aims: Leukemia or blood cancer is known as the world fifth prevailing cancers and includes 8% of the whole cancers. This disease is also known as the children’s cancer since approximately 15% of the children of lower than 15 years old are affected by this complication. There are so many factors affecting the cancer occurrence such as age, gender, race, blood groups and rays and mother’s contamination to Helicobacter pylori bacteria, etc.Materials & Methods: In this study 424 patients suffering from blood cancer in hematology and oncology A and B sections of Shari’ati Hospital were studied from September of 2007 to 2008 in Tehran. Patients’ information was collected using a researcher made questionnaire from the patients’ arrival moment. Blood group, age and gender indexes were analyzed accurately. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 and Chi-square test. Results: The frequency of the occurrence of this disease in men was 1.5 times more than women. Also the probability of its presence in A, O and Rh+ blood groups and people is higher than the other groups.Conclusion: Age, gender and blood group are involved in the rate of affecting by blood cancer.

Background: Considering undesirable postoperative pain in recovery phase, and many side effects of narcotics, the preemptive analgesic effect of oral dextromethorphane on cholecystectomized patients was studied in this study.Material and Methods: In this double blind, randomized, clinical trial on 44 patients in Shari’ati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 22 patients received placebo and 22 received 45 mg oral dextromethorphane 2 hours preoperatively. The anesthesia method was the same in both groups. Visual analog scale (VAS) for pain was recorded for each group in 1, 6 and 24 hours. Used morphine amount was recorded. As dextromethorphane causes drowsiness the patient's alertness was also recorded with Ramsey scores after operation. Data were analyzed using t-test, Chi-square, and Mann-Whitney-U-tests.Results: Mean postoperative pain intensity was 9.55 in case and 8.33 in control group respectively. This was statistically significant but limited only to the first postoperative hour. No difference was observed in 6th, 24th hour pain, sedation, and alertness between the groups.Conclusion: Premedication with 45 mg oral dextromethorphane decreases post operative pain in first hour, so it can be used as an alternative analgesic drug along with narcotics.

Nativism was a reaction from the intellectuals who aimed at catching the attentions of their addressees to their roots and origins. Many countries experiencing colonialism, turned their attention to the subject, and naturally, different intellectual communities in Iran responded to it, as well. Analysing pre-Revolution literary movements, we can find nativism, a movement usually ignored by the critics. The stories written during this movement criticizes the others, and the government following the others, and draw the people’s attention to their roots. In the present article, reviewing briefly Iran’s historical, social, cultural and literature conditions during the years 1320 to 1357 (S.H.), we have shown the main features of these stories, including, nativism, caring about Iranian-Islamic identity. The research reveals that during the 1320s and 1330s, the feature of nativism fades. The policies of Pahlavi regime in these two decades, and the way he treats the intellectuals create conditions which ultimately leads in their indifference to nativism. But the influence of the intellectual movements, particularly, the thoughts of Al Ahmad and Shari’ati, and the changes in the social condition of the country from 1342 on strengthens it in 1340s and 135s.

Aims: Ophthalmia Neonatorum (ON) is defined as conjunctivitis symptoms appearance in the first 28 days of the infant life. The most important causes of ON infection are Nisseria gonorrhea, Chlamidia trachomatis and Staphilococus aureus. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of erythromycin and povidon iodine and artificial teardrop in prevention from ON.Materials & Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 321 neonates born in a 6 months period at one of the Tehran hospitals and Shari’ati Hospital in Bandar Abbas, arrived in the study randomly. After the sampling from their conjunctiva, erythromycin, tetracycline or artificial tear and povidon iodine drop 2.5% were instilled in the right eye and the left eye were leaved as the control. A questionnaire containing infant and mother information was filled. In the case of symptoms outbreak, eye secretion culture was carried out. Data were analyzed using SPSS13 software and matched-paired T and Chi-square tests.Results: 61 (19%) of cases returned with symptoms of conjunctivitis, and 14 (22.9%) of cases had positive culture. In groups of erythromycin, tetracycline, artificial teardrop and povidon iodine, respectively, 7.9%, 11.58%, 6.25% and 9.1% returned with symptoms. There were no significant difference between the symptom outbreak, microbial culture and the type of used drug as prophylaxis, also no significant difference was observed regarding the type of delivery and ON symptom outbreak.Conclusion: With regard to the insignificancy of the symptom outbreak rate in groups of prophylaxis, the routine use of prophylaxis cannot be presented as a necessity and confirms the more accurate studies in future.