The NNW-SSE striking Bidhand Strike-slip fault system cut and displaced the Cenozoic volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc in south Qom. Structural evidences show that at least 16 km horizontal displacement in the Eocene volcanics has been caused due to dextral Strike-slip movement along this fault. The compressional and extensional terminations were developed at the western block and not observed at the eastern one. The reverse and thrust faults associated with the drag folds were generated in the northwestern compressional termination and gabbroic sills were intruded in the southwestern extensional termination. Younger syenitic and granitic intrusive (Miocene) were intruded in the vacant space of the northern compressional termination and releasing zones along the central straight segments of the Bidhand fault. Gabbroic sills in the extensional termination at the south-western area of the Bidhand fault were folded and thrusted towards northeast due to the later deformational events.

Fault zones and fault-related fracture systems control the mechanical behaviors and fluid-flow properties of the Earth’s crust. Furthermore, nowadays, modeling is being increasingly used in order to understand the behavior of rock masses, and to determine their characteristics. In this work, fault zones and fracture patterns are reviewed, and also comprehensive studies are carried out on the fracture geometry and density variations. A model to describe damage zones around the Strike-slip faults is developed, in which the range of damage zone styles commonly found around Strike-slip fault zones are shown. A computer code, named DFN-FRAC3D, is developed for the two- and three-dimensional stochastic modeling of rock fracture systems in fault zones. In this code, the pre-existing and fault-related fractures are modeled by their respective probability distributions, and the joint density may be varied by the distance from the fault core. This work describes the theoretical basis and the implementation of the code, and provides a case study in the rock fracture modeling to demonstrate the application of the prepared code.

Objective:  Markets have always been a place for social movements or have been affected by them. In the current era, when two digital changes and the networking of communications have affected the social interactions of human societies, new markets have been built after the old markets, which have brought to the fore the characteristics of the old markets, similar or different from it. A Strike as one of the functions or malfunctions of the market, as it has been the focus of researchers in traditional markets, is a phenomenon that requires new studies to understand it on the basis of new markets. Since online stores on the platform of social media can be seen as a manifestation of these markets, the present research was conducted with the aim of knowing one aspect of the forced Strike process of online stores caused by social movements, on the platform of social media.Methods: data collection was done by the method of library studies and data analysis was done with a descriptive analytical approach through the application of message market theory in the research literature.Results: From the results of this research, we can count some cases, including the expression of the special capacity of this space in providing multiple social roles in a market to the members of the movement.Conclusion: The consequence of the formation of the special capacity of the social media space is to reduce the costs of protest movements in bringing online stores to Strike and increase the coefficient of their protest on the platform of social media.

Collisions between a bird and an aircraft, known as “bird Strike event” is a common and dangerous phenomenon in aviation industry. In this study, three numerical methods namely Lagrange, Smoothed Particles Hydrodynamics (SPH) and Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) have been implemented in order to investigate bird Strike incident. The results have been compared with each other and also with exeperimental data. In order to compare the results obtained from three methods, pressures at the center of impact and also deformation of bird models have been compared. Results indicate that all the three methods are able to predict the pressure at the center of impact almost accurately in both perpendicular and inclined impacts. In addition to that all the methods are able to predict same deformation of bird at particular time intervals. Shorter solution time, not having much parameters to deal with and low probability of numerical errors make the SPH method as a good candidate to analyze bird Strike problems.

In the midst of the Oil Nationalization Movement, south oil areas (including Khuzestan) were of great attentions. In addition to the oil industry in these areas that the debates to control them were in the peak point, oil workers' Strikes in 1951 caused some stances in this regard. In March of 1951 a part from the salaries of workers of Oil Company was deducted that helped sparking the Strikes in these areas. The workers would consider the company responsible for their salaries deduction and chaos in oil areas. Tudeh party tried to organize the workers by its dual policies and National party and its leaders were attempting to calm the oil fields. Bad economic conditions and livelihood of workers were the main reasons for the workers' movements and the critical position of these areas due to the struggle for the nationalization of oil were to be considered greatly. However, this study, besides to investigate the Strikes, seeks the answer to this question: Which were the causes of formation of oil workers' Strikes in south oil areas and what did the above mentioned parties do in such situation? It seems that the Oil Company's policy to reduce the workers' salary and appearance of dissatisfactions (which resulted in Tudeh's activities among the workers) caused the union of them. The method of this study is descriptive-analytic and the writer has tried to collect the required information by the documents and library resources.

Background: Lightning is one of the most mysterious phenomena of nature that also, it has caused many financial and human losses. In tropical and sub-tropical countries, death due to thunderbolt is not unusual, and even tragic events may occur at high altitudes. Lightning physics is complex and not completely clear. Usually, the clouds are heavily pregnant and high voltages and amperages, they drain their load over earth through a massive arc. The death by lightning is naturally a component of the accident and does not pose a particular problem to the legal pathologist. But sometimes the body is found outdoors without special signs, and there may be doubts about death. The damage caused by the lightning is unpredictable and accidental. Case Presentation: A 23-years-old young man went to a park in southern Tehran for entertainment at dawn, sometime in September 2018, that suddenly lightning hit him and, unfortunately he passed away. After passing the dead body of the young man to the forensic medicine about 14 hours later, an external physical examination showed the appearance of Lichtenberg (fern leaves) on the upper and middle part of the trunk. Conclusion: Lightning injuries are in different ranges from minor injuries to severe burns, fractures, and tissue laceration. The lightning may cause specific shapes on skin similar to the ferns, which is known as the Lichtenberg. The Lichtenberg figure is known as an image of lightning and is an important clue to lightning Strikes with humankind or bodies. This posture is a physical phenomenon with red and tree-shaped on the skin that occurs by lightening after one hour and usually disappears after 24-48 hours. This sign does not burn and does not have any relation to the vessel or nerves.

Objective(s): The traditional practice of empiric radioiodine (I-131) prescription is scientifically obsolete and inappropriate for inoperable metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer. However, theranostically guided prescription is still years away for many institutions. A personalized predictive method of radioiodine prescription that bridges the gap between empiric and theranostic methods is presented. It is an adaptation of the “, maximum tolerated activity”,method, where serial blood sampling is replaced by population kinetics carefully chosen by the user. It aims to maximize crossfire benefits within safety constraints to overcome tumour absorbed dose heterogeneity for a safe and effective first radioiodine fraction i. e., the First Strike. Methods: The EANM method of blood dosimetry was incorporated with population kinetics, marrow and lung safety constraints, body habitus and clinical assessment of metastatic extent. Population data of whole body and blood kinetics in patients with and without metastases, prepared by recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone or thyroid hormone withdrawal, and the maximum safe marrow dose rate were deduced from published data. For diffuse lung metastases, the lung safety limit was linearly scaled by height and separated into lung and remainder-of-body components. Results: The slowest whole body Time Integrated Activity Coefficient (TIAC) amongst patients with any metastases was 33. 5±, 17. 0 h and the highest percentage of whole body TIAC attributed to blood was 16. 6±, 7. 9%, prepared by thyroid hormone withdrawal. A variety of other average radioiodine kinetics is tabulated. Maximum safe marrow dose rate was deduced to be 0. 265 Gy/h per fraction, where blood TIAC is normalised to administered activity. An easy-to-use calculator was developed which only requires height, weight and gender to populate recommendations for personalized First Strike prescription. The user decides by clinical gestalt whether the prescription is to be constrained by marrow or lung, then selects an activity depending on how extensive the metastases are likely to be. A Standard Female with oligometastasis and good urine output without diffuse lung metastasis is expected to safely tolerate 8. 03 GBq of radioiodine as the First Strike. Conclusion: This predictive method will help institutions rationalise the First Strike prescription based on radiobiologically sound principles, personalised to individual circumstances.

This paper investigates the effect of irregular boundary and source depth in a two dimensional model due to movement of a long Strike slip fault. A model having horizontal orthotropic elastic layer of uniform thickness coupling in three different ways to an irregular boundary of an orthotropic elastic half-space (having rectangular shaped irregularity on its boundary surface) has been considered. To study the effect of fault depth, we divide the problem into two cases. In case first, the fault is assumed to be present in regular orthotropic elastic layer at a distance say 'd' from the upper surface of the layer. In second case, the fault is assumed to be present in irregular orthotropic elastic half-space at same depth 'd' from the boundary surface of elastic half-space. For each type of coupling, the effect of rectangular irregularity and variation in fault depth on displacements and stresses for both layers and half-space are studied graphically. The present paper has wide applications in material science engineering, geosciences and soil mechanics.

In this paper, a theoretical approach is proposed, in which spatial distribution of the strength of interplate coupling between two faces of Strike-slip faults is investigated in detail through the inverse analysis of synthesized geodetic data. Synthesized (or available) geodetic data representing free surface movements is implemented to determine the solution of undertaken inverse problem that computes slippage vectors’ rates. Analytical approaches for treatment of faults in crustal deformation analysis involve some limitations. One important limitation of these methods is idealization of uniform dislocation on a rectangular fault plane in a uniform medium or half space. In fact, the real source is more complex than that supposed in these models and thus only the first-order aspects of the source characteristics can be evaluated from a uniform dislocation model. Isotropic and homogeneous material properties are the main assumptions of these methods. The Finite Element Method (FEM) on the other hand, allows easy treatment of complex boundary shape (interface zone) and internal variations of material properties. The FEM can simulate source geometry flexibly, and is also able to regard geological regimes and various layered structures. The standard equations of inverse problems offer a straightforward way for finding slippage vectors at two faces of the considered fault. One of the new aspects of the current study is evaluation of Green’s Operator Matrix (GOM) by means of FEM. This concept enables us to overcome all limitations of traditional inverse methods. In other words, the Green’s functions are not only functions of interface’s geometry, but are also functions of some other parameters like far-field boundary conditions, and geological structures (various material properties) which are not regarded in the traditional analytical inversion analysis. To implement fault sliding in a continuum-based FEM program, Split Node Technique (SNT) as a simple and efficient method is applied. This method does not increase the number of Degree Of Freedom (DOF) and the global stiffness matrix of system remains unchanged, which is the major advantage of this method. Furthermore, no net forces or moments are induced on the finite element mesh. This method is a direct approach and does not need any iteration, which is a common feature of other methods (e.g., contact problem techniques, or interface/joint elements). The initial idea of SNT for simple one-dimensional element is developed to 2D and 3D domains in the present research. How to find the Green’s functions by the FEM? By applying unit slippage vectors in each DOF of the interface nodes, we can determine corresponding component of the GOM. As other common inversion problems, singularity of coefficient matrix is the main problem. This problem particularly emerges if the number of DOFs is too large. The numerical procedure does not fail algorithmically, however it returns a set of slippage vectors that are wrong, even though direct substitution back into the original equations results in acceptable free-surface deformations. Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) diagnoses precisely what the problem is. In some cases, SVD will not only diagnose the problem, it will also solve it. The approach in current research is based on kinematic modeling of seismological problem. In other words, we only investigate fault movement, not causes of the occurred movement. In this research, both forward and inverse steps are considered to completely solve the problem. The forward step is performed by applying the slip along the fault’s faces and determining the displacement at the ground surface. This step is done using the FEM, whose results are compared with the analytical ones to verify the forward step. In the inverse solution on the other hand, our goal is to reach fault slip field using of surface displacement obtained from the first step as input data. Here, using this technique, 2D and 3D models of different types of Strike-slip faults are presented in elastic mode for splitting purposes. The final step is to verify the inverse solution obtained for all models, from which the coupled zones of the considered faults are determined with acceptable accuracies.

Torud fault is located in 110 Km away from the south of Damghan and trends ENE-WSW that is approximately E-W at its west end. In this termination region, observed structures indicate a special aspect of Strike-slip fault terminations. These structures are of two sets: the first set are structures trending approximately N-S and are mainly compressional ones such as thrust faults and folds both verging to the east. These structures are in Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks. Right lateral and normal shear structures, microfolds, foliations, and lineations are also associated with them. The second set is structures having NE-SW direction and include open gentle folds and younger thrusts which both verge to the south. They are mainly in Cenozoic and younger rocks but have made notable changes in older rocks too. Direction of Torud Mountain and its surrounding faults to direction of Arabia - Eurasia convergence, and effects of rotation and compression of Lut block and movements of its surrounding faults, led to transpressional deformation in the area under study The direction of slip in this system was related to tactors that were mentioned above and has been changed in response to the local changes of stress field. Strain in some locations has been partitioned into two components: shearing; and compression. They operated contempo-rarily or in two separate times. Other minor structures such as Reidel and P shears and folds of wrench tectonic also exist as they are predictable in shear zones.