Background: Social capital is a new concept that has recently entered the social, economic, and health domains. The role of social capital is more important than that of physical and human capitals because in its absence, other capitals will not be efficient. Social capital includes networks of communication between individuals and social norms such as mutual trust and cooperation in social networks. The present study aimed to determine the variables associated with social capital components among the residents of Tehran using Structural Equation Modeling.Methods: The target population of this cross-sectional study included all the individuals aging 15 years old and above in Tehran. Overall, 22500 households in 22 regions were investigated. The samples were selected through stratified random sampling. Finally, the data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling and the Lisrel software.Results: According to the results, the main components of social capital include 1- individual trust, including jobs status and marital status, 2- physical dimension (life quality), age, and solidarity and social support, including educational status, marital status, and job status, and 3- social trust and associative relations, including family size, physical component, age, and home ownership.Conclusions: Improving the level of education, creating more job opportunities, and facilitating marriage especially amongst the youth can elevate the social capital in Tehran. Controlling the family size can also be effective in improving the social capital.

Introduction: Nursing is one of the most stressful professions worldwide. Job stressors can have a substantial impact on the mental health of nurses. This study aimed to assess how much workplace stressors can predict each component of this population's mmental health Methods: 419 nurses from eight tertiary hospitals in Tehran were enrolled for this observational survey, and data was collected from a three-part questionnaire including the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21, Extended Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS), and demographic questions. Multivariate regression and factor analysis were performed to build a Structural Equation Modeling between variables Results: The Correlation between Stress, anxiety, depression, and work stressor were significant (p-value=0. 01). Based on the (SEM) model, for each component of DASS (Stress, anxiety, depression), seven items in the questionnaire were significant and internally consistent(p-value: 0. 05). In the ENSS questionnaire, all nine subscales significantly predicted the total nursing stress score. Conclusions: Females, single, and nurses with more than six years of experience scored higher on the work stress scale. The workload is the most significant stressor in depression and, as a result, poor mental health.

The purpose of this study is to explain the theoretical model of the norms of rural housing formation in cold and mountainous climatic area of Ardabil province. The housing issue is one of the most important issues that human beings have always had to deal with and have long been trying to address and find a decent answer. The study of the renovation and improvement of rural housing in Iran shows that Iran has 5, 172, 000 rural housing units that require about 63 percent of the rural housing, 3 million and 295, 000 units, to be urgently rebuilt. About two percent of them, equivalent to 81, 000 units, were rebuilt between 1997 and 2005. Since 2013, the number of rural housing reconstruction has fallen sharply to 200, 000 units per year that covers only four percent of all rural housing. Recognizing that new rural buildings and structures are generally supported by government agencies and at the head of the Housing Foundation of the Islamic Revolution or, as practiced by the inhabitants, it has the form and form of urban housing that runs without regard to native architectural values; Values that have become over time and overwhelming test-errors to unwritten rules of construction in the village. Therefore, the strengths of the present study are the consideration of the values governing indigenous housing formed in the context of rural areas that have been discovered and applied by residents for many years. Values that the author call norm. In the present study was used the correlation method of Structural Equation Modeling ((SEM)) based on field studies and exploratory survey research. After explaining the cold and mountainous area of Ardabil province, the settlements of this area with altitude of 1500 to 2150 meters above sea level were identified from 176 villages, 85 villages with a population of more than 200 were randomly selected based on the statistics of the year 1395 at Statistical Center of Iran. Sample size According to Based on Klein's theory, a sample of 250 residents of the above-mentioned villages was selected by purposeful sampling to answer 50 questionnaire questions related to residents' views on housing development. (So, every village is a cluster and the inhabitants are members of those clusters). The reliability of the tool (questionnaire) using Cronbach's alpha was α = 0. 905. After analyzing the path and regression, the direct and indirect effects of the variables on the norms of rural housing formation were investigated. The findings showed that the sum of regression coefficients was explained as 0. 412 and the components such as: Similarity/Homogeneity in housing setting, Geographical/Climatic, Economic/Livelihood, Scale and Cultural/Traditional are factors that affecting the formation of rural housing in cold and mountainous climates of Ardabil province. Therefore, it can be concluded that the model predictive variables predicted 41% of the criterion changes and 59% were affected by the external variables. The results of this study illustrate three general principles. First, the scale/proportion component has a more important role in shaping rural housing than all components. Secondly, rural housing shaping is a cultural phenomenon. And thirdly, the form of rural housing is a function of the altitude of the high seas.

In today's competitive business environment, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the information and communication technology (ICT) sector, survival hinges on the ability to innovate. Business Model Innovation (BMI) plays a pivotal role in driving competitiveness and enhancing performance. However, many organizations face organizational inertia, which can impede their ability to adapt to environmental changes, limiting their capacity to evolve. Organizational competencies and capabilities may play a crucial role in how businesses respond to these challenges. This study investigates the relationship between organizational inertia and BMI, focusing on the moderating effects of open innovation competencies and Information Technology (IT) ambidexterity. The research targets software companies in Tehran Province, Iran, within the ICT industry. The findings reveal that organizational inertia has a significant negative effect on BMI, highlighting the need to address inertia to foster business model innovation. Additionally, open innovation competencies serve as a key moderator in this relationship, suggesting the importance of developing these skills within organizations. Conversely, the moderating effect of IT ambidexterity was found to be insignificant.

Structural Equation Modeling ((SEM)) and related techniques such as confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and path analysis are referred to a family of powerful statistical processes that are used to test of the complex relationships among human related variables. This set if techniques are used to test the hypothesized relationships among variables through empirical models and to construction and psychometric evaluation of the measurement instruments. The researchers follow variety of steps to conduct these types of the studies. Therefore it is important for researchers to concisely report their own study as a scientific paper. The report is supposed to encompasses all important information so that the study could be evaluated and replicated as well. Therefore variety of guidelines has already designed to guide reporting the various parts of this kind of studies. Nevertheless there is no single agreed guideline yet; so various journals and people may follow different structures that may lead the readers to be confused. Therefore the present paper aimed to briefly introduce some critical notes about the report of the results of (SEM) and related studies compatible with common scientific writing structures consisted of background and objectives, methods, results and discussion.

Development of accounting is a very dynamic and multidimensional process. Thus, The purpose of this research is Explanation and presentation a efficient contingency model of accounting development in Iran. For this purpose, data from 183 companies in the period between 1388-1396 related to Tehran Stock Exchange companies and other national data related to the research variables were used and used for Modeling development of accounting from Structural Equation Modeling technique that is of type of multivariable regression. The results of this study indicate that all the variables of this research, including economic development, capital market development, privatization and audit quality, have a direct effect on accounting development, but the variable of capital market development has negatively influenced on development of accounting by mediator variable of economic development. In describing the results of the research hypotheses, it can be stated that the conditions of the country's environment at the macro level in recent years have provided the ground for growth of accounting profession, and this growing process also can be continued in country by corrrect planning and represent the actual position of accounting and auditing by professional institutions and experts.

Now, population aging has become a global phenomenon. This phenomenon has been resulted from global fertility rate decrease together with increasing elderly age. The aim of this research is studying the relationship between Age-friendly city indexes which have been introduced by World Health Organization (WHO), and the rate of their effect on dependent variable of sustainable Age-friendly city in Tehran. The research is conducted by survey method and the standard questionnaire of WHO has been distributed targeted and non-randomly among 115 experts and the analysis was made by Pierson Correlation test, Confirmatory factor analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling techniques ((SEM)). The research analysis was done in SPSS23 and Lisrel8. 8 softwares. Results of the model test show that in 99 percent confidence level of the 6 indexes (Housing, Social participation, Respect for the elderly and social inclusion, Citizen participation and employment, Communication and information, and Health and local services) have a meaningful relation with sustainable Age-friendly City project (P

This study investigates the factors impacting academic satisfaction among architecture students at Tabriz Islamic Art University, developing a model that captures the multidimensional nature of this construct. Adopting a descriptive correlational design, the research sampled 170 graduate students using a structured electronic questionnaire consisting of 87 items rated on a five-point Likert scale. Data analysis employed exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to identify and validate key influencing factors. Ten critical factors were identified: personal characteristics, psychological factors, perceptions, emotional intelligence, educational services, non-educational services, environmental psychology, economic and entrepreneurship factors, personal growth, and social culture. Educational services, cultural-social factors, and emotional intelligence were found to be the most significant determinants of academic satisfaction, while economic factors had the least influence. This study highlights the need for deeper understanding academic experiences in architecture and offers practical implications for enhancing educational practices and institutional policies, serving as a vital resource for universities aiming to improve student satisfaction.

This study was performed to investigate the factors affecting tourism demand in Aras free Zone. The data were collected based on random sampling, and was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling approach. Validity of instrument was confirmed by professors and in order to determine the reliability of the various sections of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used (0. 81 and 0. 87). The results indicated that the demand for tourism was affected from the satisfaction of business, religious, historical, and natural tourism and the facilities available. In other words, for increasing tourism demand, it should increase the quality and quantity of the facilities of Aras free Zone, such as restaurants, tour services, health care, housing, parking and tourist guide. Also, it should try to reduce cost by reducing transaction costs (Transit, insurance and other costs of clearance) and by increasing the variety of imported goods to increased satisfaction with the business tourism. Also, by increasing the number of artificial attractions, protection of natural attractions, providing the framework for the use of ecotourism, and restoration of historical monuments (churches Chopan, Caravanserai of KhwajaNazar. . . ), and religious places (Holy Shrine of Shoaib and Mohammad Agha), the satisfaction of ecotourism, historical religious tourist can be reached.