Based on Holy Quran and Ahl al-Bayt’ s guidance, the prophets are innocent from committing sin. Some verses of the Holy Quran, however, seem to contradict this belief. Among these verses is verse 24 of Chapter "Saad” , which is narrating Prophet David's asking for forgiveness, regarding a speech he announced when judging a dispute between two plaintiffs. Commentators have different opinions on the cause of asking for forgiveness; but all of them are disputable. In this article, after reviewing and criticizing the existing opinions, referring to holy verses and hadiths, the reason for David’ s forgiveness has been stated as “ final word” judgment. According to these evidence, using "final word" judgment had created some difficulties for the Prophet in the community. In order to prevent these problems, he asked God not to use this style of judgment in future and just judge in the usual way; and God accepted his request. But in the story of judgment between two plaintiffs – that asking for forgiveness related to their arbitration is expressed in this verse– the holy prophet used the same type of judgment again due to the unusual appearance of the plaintiffs. However, after he realized that the story had been a scene for his trial, he apologized to God and God accepted his apology and commanded him to judge as usual in future judgments. The approach to this research is Quran-based in which the definitive religious facts (the definitive judgments of intellect, the Qur'an, tradition, experience, literature, intellectuals' way of conduct and the religious, etc. ) based on Holy Quran are the referee of religious thoughts and practices.

Introduction: In contemporary organizations such as hospitals, leadership effectiveness and employees' satisfaction are two important leadership outcomes. Head nurses’ leadership styles and their performance play a key role to increase their effectiveness. Choosing an appropriate leadership style by head nurses, in addition to improving their performance, enhances nurses’ job satisfaction and results in organizational goal achievement. This study aimed to determine head nurses’ leadership style, as perceived by nurses, and its relationship with leadership outcomes in the educational-treatment centers of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.Methods: In this descriptive- analytical research performed in 2015, the research population was all the nurses in educational- treatment centers of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences (n=950). Using stratified proportional random sampling, 360 nurses were chosen as the research sample. The research instrument was Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), developed by Bass and Avolio.Results: The results demonstrated that head nurses applied a combination of three leadership styles: transformational, transactional, and laissez- fair. The result of multiple regression analysis showed that inspirational motivation, idealized influence, individual consideration and laissez-fair leadership accounted for 85% of the variance of leadership effectiveness. Individual consideration, idealized influence, management- by- exception active, management- by- exception passive and contingent reward accounted for 74% of variance of nurses’ job satisfaction.Conclusions: The results of this study revealed that there was a significant statistical relationship between head nurses’ leadership styles and their leadership effectiveness and nurses’ job.

Air conditioning systems are used in industries and residential environments with the aim of improving environmental conditions and creating a comfortable temperature for users. Considering the production of sound and vibration in most of its components, the lack of control of the production sound level always exposes the users to unwanted sound, which in addition to hearing complications, also causes fatigue and dissatisfaction with the environmental conditions. . Compressors are one of the most important sources of sound production in air conditioning systems, and screw compressors are one of the most widely used in air conditioning industries. THEREFORE, the compressor shell should be designed to minimize the transmission of sound from inside to outside. Since the maximum working temperature of compressors is up to 80 degrees Celsius, THEREFORE, in this research, an acoustic test was performed on a sample of a screw compressor shell in two modes of ambient temperature and maximum working temperature inside the acoustic room, and the effect of temperature increase on the sound pressure level. transferred from the shell to the external environment is discussed. Finally, based on the frequency analysis performed in two conditions of ambient temperature and maximum working temperature and comparing the amount of sound transmitted to the environment at different frequencies, practical solutions to reduce the amount of transmitted sound pressure have been presented.

چکیدهبا توجه به پیوستگی دین و رسانه در ایران و نیز توجهات گسترده نظری به مبحث رسانه دینی در سال های اخیر و نیز با در نظر گرفتن اهمیت فهم و ایضاح مفهومی«رسانه دینی» در این پژوهش به تحلیل مقالات ایرانی درباره رسانه دینی پرداخته شده است.در این مرور نظام-مند دلالت های ضمنی و بعضا صریح نویسندگان درباره رسانه دینی مورد نظر بوده و چگونگی فضای مفهومی و فکری این مقالات و نویسندگان شانرمورد توجه قرار گرفته است.بنابر این سوال اساسی این تحقیق آن است که به لحاظ مفهومی چه تلقی از مفهوم رسانه دینی در میان تحقیقات ایرانی و میان صاحبنظران عرصه دین و رسانه وجود دارد؟ به همین منظور پس از مروری بر نظریه های سه گانه دین و رسانه با استفاده از نگاهی فراتحلیلی،همه مقالات ایرانی مرتبط با موضوع و در حیطه جستجوی نویسنده مبنای کار قرار گرفته است.یافته های تحقیق در چهار محور شامل مسایل و موضوعات پژوهش ها،وجود/امکان رسانه دینی،تعریف رسانه دینی،نوع رسانه مورد نظر پژوهش ها،و نوع دین مورد توجه پژوهش ها ارایه شده است.نتایج تحقیق نشان می دهد که نگاه کلی حاکم بر تحقیقات ایرانی در حیطه رسانه دینی،نگاهی هنجاری با رویکرد و مبنای نظری ابزارگرایانه است.این نگاه در همه حیطه های مسایل و موضوعات،وجود و امکان رسانه دینی،تعریف رسانه دینی،مصداق و مفهوم رسانه و نیز دین،و همچنین در مبناها و رویکردهای نظری پژوهش ها خود را نشان می دهد.

Objective: In this study, the relationship between the quality of online teaching and e-satisfaction and learning acceptance of Bojnourd Azad University students during the period of Quid 19 was investigated Methods: The research method in this research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in nature. The statistical population in this study was all students of Bojnourd Azad University in the academic year 2022-2023, whose number was equal to 44653 people. According to the size of the population and using Krejcie and Morgan table, 372 people were selected as the sample. Available random sampling method was used to select the sample. Data collection tools are three questionnaires: quality of online teaching Siraj (2002), Khorasani e-satisfaction and friendship (2010) and learning acceptance based on Davis technology acceptance model (1986). The data obtained from these questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS and Lisrel software, structural equation modeling and correlation coefficient and regression tests.   Results: The results of structural equation test also showed that the quality of online teaching is 0.66 with electronic satisfaction and 0.78 is related to learning acceptance. The relationship between the quality of online teaching with the variables of the type of technology used is 0.476, between the quality of online teaching with the instructor of electronic courses is 0.348 and between the quality of online teaching with quality and learning methods is 0.982. And significance was observed. But there was no significant relationship between the quality of online teaching and the content of electronic courses (P = 0.188). Also, the relationship between the quality of online teaching with individual factors is 0.678, with social factors is 0.235, with organizational factors is 0.559, understanding the usefulness of the application is 0.235, understanding the ease of use is 479 0. is directly related to the attitude towards technology of 0.615, the tendency to use 0.233 and the use of technology 0.729.

Easy access to social media enables users to express their opinions and ideology about various topics like news, videos, and personalities freely, without any fear, and often in an offensive manner. It is a vital task to detect comments with offensive language on social media platforms and relies on a complete and comprehensive tagged dataset. THEREFORE, in this paper, we introduce and make publicly available PerBOLD, a new Persian comment dataset collected from Instagram as a popular platform among Iranian. We follow a two-level manual annotation process in order to determine whether a comment has offensive language or not and fine-grained tags of different types of offensive language. Furthermore, we present some interesting aspects of data and analysis them.

We address the throughput maximization problem for downlink transmission in DF-relay-assisted cognitive radio networks (CRNs) based on simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) capability. In this envisioned network, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relay and secondary user (SU) equipment are designed to handle both radio frequency (RF) signal energy harvesting and SWIPT functional tasks. Additionally, the cognitive base station (CBS) communicates with the SU only via the MIMO relay. Based on the considered network model, several combined constraints of the main problem complicate the solution. THEREFORE, in this paper, we apply heuristic guidelines within the convex optimization framework to handle this complexity. First, consider the problem of maximizing throughput on both sides of the relay separately. Second, each side progresses to solve the complex problem optimally by adopting strategies for solving sub-problems. Finally, these optimal solutions are synthesized by proposing a heuristic iterative power allocation algorithm that satisfies the combinatorial constraints with short convergence times. The performance of the optimal proposed algorithm (OPA) is evaluated against benchmark algorithms via numerical results on optimality, convergence time, constraints’ compliance, and imperfect channel state information (CSI) on the CBS-PU link.

Due to the stochastic nature of wind energy, allocating an appropriate investment incentive for wind generation technology (WGT) is a complicated issue. We propose an improvement on the traditional incentive, known as capacity payment mechanism (CPM), to reward the wind generators based on their performance exogenously affected by the wind energy potential of the location where the turbines are installed, and THEREFORE, lead the investments towards locations with more generation potential. In CPM, a part of investment cost of each generator is recovered through fixed payments. However, in our proposal, wind generators are rewarded according to dynamic forecasts of the wind energy potential of the wind farm where they are located. We use an auto-regressive moving average (ARMA) model to forecast the wind speed fluctuations in long-term while capturing the auto-correlation of wind velocity variation in consecutive time intervals. Using the system dynamics (SD) modelling approach a competitive electricity market is designed to examine the efficiency of the proposed incentive. Performing a simulation analysis, we conclude that while a fixed CPM for wind generation can decrease the loss of load durations and average prices in long-term, the proposed improvement can provide quite similar results more efficiently.

To optimize tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum) plant tissue culture condition, the effect of 13 different hormonal combinations and two explants of cotyledon and hypocotyl on the regeneration rate of three Newton, Infinity and Defines cultivars were investigated. Experiments were conducted in a factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The highest shoot number (11.9 shoots per explant) was obtained for Defines cultivar on MS medium containing the hormones of TDZ=0.68, NAA=0.1milligrams per liter and cotyledon explant. Plant defense responses against environmental factors are one of the inhibitor factors of explants regeneration in plant tissue culture. Calcium ion signaling is one of the primary events and, of course, the most important event in plant defense response against pathogens, THEREFORE, the effect of verapamil as a calcium channel blocker was investigated on the plant defense response. For this purpose, inoculation was performed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 and based on optimized tissue culture condition. The effect of verapamil in four concentrations of 0, 50, 100 and 200 milligrams per liter was investigated in a co-culture medium. Results showed that the use of verapamil in comparison with the control sample reduced the plant defense response. Also, the use of 50 milligrams per liter of verapamil increased the amount of regeneration

Competition law is a newcomer to the legal system recently. A sound understanding of competition policy can provide us with sufficient bases to apply a fundamental and normative view of the issues of competition law. The difference in supervision and regulation determines how the market functions and in order to understand this difference one must understand competition policy. Competition policy may be based on governmental support for national production and industry or on a non-interventional and regulatory posture. Moreover, supervision, based on the principle of non-intervention in the market mechanism, is rooted in liberal ideas; however, regulation, whether as a rule or an exception, is based on the assertion that the market has been ineffective in attaining its goals. THEREFORE, the government will resort to interventions to regulate inefficiencies.  This paper aims to analyze Supervisory Authority in Implementing Competitive Policy by employing the description method. In this article the author tries to first delineate competition policy, its related requirements and imposed deviations to the market. Then, by defining the supervisory entity and clarifying its distinction from the regulatory institutions, the author considers the characteristics of an appropriate supervisory entity conducting a comparative study of this issue in Iran and the U.S.A. This form of Competition policy because of its applicable experiences which have been well described by recent scholarship is considered suitable for the native system.