Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephriTIS (XGPN) is a rare chronic inflammatory disorder in children that results from infection usually associated with longstanding urinary obstruction. There are two morphologic types: diffuse and focal. In the more common diffuse form, the entire kidney is involved. We present a case of diffuse type, in which some foci in the kidney are spared.

Background and Aims: Different mechanisms have been developed for connecting abutment to implant. One of the most popular mechanisms is Tapered Integrated Screw (TIS), which is a Tapered Interference Fit (TIF) with a screw integrated at the bottom of that. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of TIS and effective factors in employing TIS during design and implementation processes using an analytic method.Materials and Methods: Relevant equations were developed to predict tightening and loosening torques, contact pressure and preloads with and without bone TISsue in this analysis. The efficiency is defined as the ratio of the loosening torque to the tightening torque. The effects of the change in elastic modulus and thickness of the bone on operation of this mechanism were investigated.Results: In this study, 14 independent parameters such as taper angle, friction coefficient, abutment and implant geometry that are effective on performance of TIS mechanism were presented. The role of some factors was shown in the performance of ITI implant using sensitivity analysis.Conclusion: It was shown that friction coefficient, contact length, and implant radius play major roles on tightening and loosening torques and efficiency of the mechanism. Furthermore, the results revealed that the change in the elastic modulus and thickness of the bone influenced the efficiency of the mechanism less than 15%.

The port of TIS, located along the Makran coast, was one of the most significant Iranian ports during the 11th and 12th centuries CE, administered under the Seljuks of Kerman. This port has been mentioned by numerous geographers and historians, and over several archaeological seasons, many valuable artifacts have been identified from the area. With the development of TIS during the Islamic period—particularly under the rule of the Kerman Seljuks—this study seeks to investigate the port's cultural influence on the coastal and hinterland regions of Makran, and whether similar patterns can be observed elsewhere. The main objective of the present research is to evaluate the position of TIS and its extensive commercial connections in shaping settlements and sites across the coastal and hinterland regions of Makran, using archaeological investigations and historical sources. This article adopts a descriptive-comparative and historical-analytical approach, employing both documentary methods and field studies to answer the question: What was the commercial role and significance of TIS in the formation and development of settlements in the coastal and hinterland areas of Makran during the Islamic era? Today’s port of Chabahar can be considered as inheriting the historical role of TIS. A review of historical sources regarding TIS's commercial ties with ports in the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean, alongside the distribution of TIS-type ceramics—particularly Islamic glazed wares and Chinese celadon—demonstrates the importance of the port and its influence on regional settlement growth. The decline of TIS as a commercial center coincided with the downturn of settlements and archaeological sites from the same period.

The inaccurate prediction of spring discharge reduction caused by tunneling can lead to a range of social, technical, economic, and environmental challenges. In this study, the impact of excavating the eastern section of the Taleghan water conveyance tunnel on the surrounding springs has been evaluated using the DHI (Drawdown Hazard Index) and TIS (Tunneling Impacts on Springs) methods. An analysis was carried out on 23 springs surrounding the tunnel. In the DHI method, various factors such as fracture frequency, rock mass permeability, overburden, plastic zone radius, major fault intersections, spring type, and distance from the tunnel were integrated into a fully coupled model. Additionally, the TIS model was developed by integrating four key parameters: the volume of water inflow toward the tunnel, the distance between the spring and the tunnel, hydraulic connectivity, and the aquifer's recharge potential. The results indicated that, according to the TIS method, none of the water sources will completely dry up. However, the DHI method predicts that this condition will occur for seven springs within the study area. Overall, the findings demonstrate that the DHI method accounts for more critical conditions compared to the TIS method. As a result, it is recommended to use a combination of both DHI and TIS methods to assess the potential future impacts on groundwater resources caused by the excavation of water transfer tunnels.

The port of TIS (or Tiz in historical texts) was one of the most important historical ports in the Makran region, near Chabahar in southeastern Iran. It played a key role in maritime trade between the Persian Gulf, the Indian Ocean, and East Africa. Due to its strategic location on the Makran coast, TIS consistently served as a vital link between Iran, the Indian subcontinent, Oman, and East Africa. In ancient and medieval times, this port was a significant commercial hub and even rivaled Hormuz. This article examines the geopolitical significance of TIS across different historical periods and analyzes its impact on regional trade, political relations, and cultural exchanges. Additionally, it discusses the port's contemporary role within the framework of regional development and the position of Chabahar as its modern-day replacement. Chabahar port, as the modern city of TIS is of great importance due to its strategic location, which is the closest way to access the waters of Central Asia (Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan) to free waters.